PRIMARY HEALTH CARE (3) therapy for existing conditions.

Prepared by:
Bernadette Wyne Tosoc Lee RN, MAN KEY ELEMENTS TO ACHIEVE THE GOAL
“HEALTH FOR ALL” (WHO)
HISTORY OF PHC 1. Reducing exclusion and social disparities in
▪ In 1977 by member countries of WHO adopted health
a resolution during the Twentieth World Health 2. Organizing health services around people’s
Assembly which proclaimed that “the main needs and expectation
social targets of governments and WHO in the 3. Integrating health in all sectors
coming decades should be the attainment by all 4. Pursuing collaborative models of policy
the citizens of the world by the year 2000 of a dialogue 5. Increasing stakeholders’
level of health that will permit them to lead a participation
socially and economically productive life.”
ELEMENTS OF PHC
▪ The universal target became known as the E – Education for health
“Health for All by the Year 2000 (HFA 2000)” L – Locally endemic disease control
movement. E – Expanded program for immunization
M – Maternal and child health including
▪ On September 6-12, 1978, health leaders from responsible parenthood
around the 200 countries attended the E – Essential drugs
International Conference for PHC held in Alma N – Nutrition
Ata, USSR initiated by the WHO and United T – Treatment of communicable and
Nations Children’s Fund. noncommunicable diseases
S – Safe water and sanitation
▪ Alma Ata Declarations of PHC
❖Health as Basic Fundamental Right KEY PRINCIPLES OF PHC
❖Global Burden of Health inequalities ⮚ Accessibility, affordability, acceptability, and
❖Economic and Social Development availability
❖Government responsibility ⮚ Support mechanisms
⮚ Multisectoral approach
▪ The PHC strategy was later adopted in the ⮚ Community participation
Philippines by virtue of Letter of Instruction ⮚ Equitable distribution of health resources
(LOI) 949 of 1979, making the Philippines the ⮚ Appropriate technology
first country in Asia to embark on meeting the
challenge of PHC The 4As of PHC
❑ Accessibility – the physical distance of a
PHC DEFINED health facility or the travel time required for
Alma Ata Declaration: PHC “is essential health people to get the needed or desired health
care based on practical, scientifically sound and services.
socially acceptable methods and technology ❑ Affordability – not only in consideration of
made universally accessible to individuals and the individual or family’s capacity to pay for
families in the community through their full basic health services. Particularly for public
participation and at a cost that the community health services, it is also a matter of whether
and country can afford to maintain at every the community of government can afford these
stage of their development in the spirit of self- services
reliance and self-determination”.
❑ Acceptability – health care offered is in
consonance with the prevailing culture and
HEALTH FOR ALL: UNIVERSAL GOAL OF PHC
traditions of the population.
Health for all means an acceptable level of
❑ Availability – whether the basic health
health for all the people of the world through
services required by the people are offered in
community and individual self-reliance.
the health care facilities or is provided on a
regular and organized manner.
This policy agenda of “health for all by the year
2000” technically, was a global strategy
Support Mechanisms
employed in achieving three main objectives:
❑ The resources of essential health services
(1) promotion of healthy lifestyles, come from three major entities
(2) prevention of diseases, and - The people themselves
 - The government ✔ Effectiveness
- The private sector like NGOs and socio- ✔ Affordability
civic and faith groups ✔ Simplicity
❑ For efficient utilization of resources from the ✔ Acceptability
three major sector, a multisectoral approach is ✔ Feasibility and reliability
necessary ✔ Ecological effects
✔ Potential to contribute to individual and
Multisectoral Approach community development.
❑ PHC requires communication, cooperation
and collaboration within and among various TRADITIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE HEALTH CARE
sectors through linkages ❖ RA 8423 The Traditional and Alternative
- Intrasectoral linkages – communication, Medicine Act of 1997 created the Philippine
cooperation and collaboration within Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health
the health sector: among the member Care which is tasked to promote and advocate
of the health team and among health the use of traditional and alternative health
agencies care modalities through scientific research and
- Intersectoral linkages – encompass the product development.
communication, cooperation and ❖ Tradition medicine is defined as the sum
collaboration between the health sector total of knowledge, skills and practice on health
and other sectors of society like care, not necessarily explicable in the context of
education, public works, agriculture and modern, scientific philosophical framework, but
local government officials. recognized by the people to help maintain and
improve their health towards the wholeness of
Community Participation their being, the community and society and
❑ Community participation is an educational their interrelations based on culture, history,
and empowering process in which people, in heritage and consciousness.
partnership with those who are able to assist ❖ Alternative Health Care Modalities is defined
them, identify the problems and the needs and as other forms of nonallopathic, occasionally
increasingly assumes responsibilities themselves nonindigenous or imported healing methods,
to plan, manage, control and assess the though not necessarily practiced for centuries
collective actions that are proved necessary. nor handed down from one generation to
another
Equitable Distribution of Health Resources
❑ It calls for an inventory and analysis of health HERBAL MEDICINE
resources, facilities and manpower.
❑ To ensure equitable distribution of ❑ the art or practice of using herbs and herbal
manpower to the rural areal the DOH preparations to maintain health and to prevent,
spearhead 2 programs alleviate, or cure disease
- Doctors to the Barrios (DTTB) Program
- Registered Nurses Health Enhancement
and Local Services (RN HEALS);
- NOW, Human Resource for Health
(HRH) – Nurse Deployment Program
(NDP) & Rural Health Midwives
Placement Program (RHMPP)

Appropriate Technology
❑ Health technology include tools, drugs,
methods, procedures and techniques.
❑ Appropriate technology refers to the
technology that is suitable to the community
that will use it.
❑ “People’s Technology” or “Indigenous
Technology”

Criteria for Appropriate Health Technology

✔ Safety
 underground parts of the plants or other
material or combination thereof, either in the
crude state or a plant preparations
Massage
❑ A method wherein the superficial soft parts
of the body are rubbed, stroked, kneaded or
tapped for remedial, aesthetic, hygienic or
limited therapeutic purposes.

Nutritional Therapy
❑ The use of food as medicine and to improve
health by enhancing the nutritional value of
food components that reduces the risk of a
disease. It is synonymous with nutritional
healing.
Pranic healing
ALTERNATIVE HEALTH CARE MODALITIES ❑ A holistic approach of healing that follows
❑ Acupressure the principle of balancing energy
❑ Acupuncture
❑ Aromatherapy Reflexology
❑ Chiropractic ❑ The application of therapeutic pressure on
❑ Herbal medicine/ Phytomedicine the body’s reflex points to enhance the body’s
❑ Massage natural healing mechanisms and balance body
❑ Nutritional Therapy functions. It is based on the principle that
❑ Pranic healing internal glands and organs can be influenced by
properly applying pressure to the
❑ Reflexology
corresponding reflex area on the body.
ALTERNATIVE HEALTH CARE MODALITIES
Acupressure
❑ A method of healing and health promotion
that uses the application of pressure on
acupuncture points without puncturing the
skin.
Acupuncture
❑ A method of healing using special needles to
puncture and stimulate specific anatomical
points on the body
Aromatherapy
❑ The art and science of the sense of smell
whereby essential aromatic oils are combined
and then applied to the body in some form of
treatment
Chiropractic
❑ A discipline of the healing arts concerned
with the pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapy and
prophylaxis of functional disturbances,
petrochemical states, pain syndromes and
neurophysiological
effects related to the static and dynamics of the
locomotor system, especially the spine and
pelvis

ALTERNATIVE HEALTH CARE MODALITIES

Herbal medicine/ Phytomedicine

❑ Finished, labeled, medicinal products that
contain as active ingredients aerial or