April 13, 2020 𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓 = 𝑣𝑣𝑜𝑜 + 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔

Engineering Mechanics by Engr. Jude L. Rosales 0 = 𝑣𝑣𝑜𝑜 + (−9.81)(6)

Dynamics 𝒎𝒎
Rectilinear Translation (Dynamics) 𝒗𝒗𝒐𝒐 = 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊 𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗𝒗
𝒔𝒔
Rectilinear Translation with Constant Velocity b. At maximum height Vf= 0
Considering download motion
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 𝑥𝑥 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 1
𝑦𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝑉𝑉𝑓𝑓 𝑡𝑡 + 𝑔𝑔𝑡𝑡 2
2
Rectilinear Translation with Constant Acceleration 1
𝑦𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 0 + (9.81)(6)2
𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓 = 𝑣𝑣𝑜𝑜 + 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 2
𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓 2 = 𝑣𝑣𝑜𝑜 2 + 2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑦𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 176.58 𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝑆 = 𝑣𝑣𝑜𝑜 + 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 c. Time to reach maximum height = 6 seconds
Problem 4
Problem 2 A wrench is dropped down a well and 5 seconds later, the
A motorcycle at a gasoline station stay there for sound of the splash is heard. The velocity of sound 1120
10minutes after his buddy in a car passes at an average fps.
speed of 40 mph.
a. What is the time elapsed to reach the water
surface?
a. How long will it take for the motorcycle at an b. Determine the depth of the well.
average speed of 50 mph to reach his buddy’s
car? Solution
b. What must be the total distance travelled by the 𝑡𝑡1 + 𝑡𝑡2 = 5 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
motorcycle to catch up? 𝑡𝑡1 = 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑜𝑜 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑡𝑡2 = 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
Solution
Case: Constant Velocities a. Solving time of fall
𝑋𝑋 = 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 Free fall of the wrench
10
40 � � = 6.67 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 40(𝑡𝑡) 1
60 𝐻𝐻 = 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜 (𝑡𝑡1 ) + 𝑔𝑔(𝑡𝑡1 )2
2
1
𝐷𝐷 = 50(𝑡𝑡) 𝐻𝐻 = (32.2)(𝑡𝑡1 )2
2
a. 6.67 + 40 𝑡𝑡 = 50 𝑡𝑡 𝑡𝑡 = 0.667 ℎ𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 = 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝒎𝒎𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊
b. 𝐷𝐷 = 50(0.667) 𝑫𝑫 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎 𝐻𝐻 = 1120 (𝑡𝑡2 )

Rectilinear Translation with Constant Acceleration Since H=H

1
(32.2)(𝑡𝑡1 )2 = 1120 (𝑡𝑡2 )
Free Fall 2
𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓 = 𝑣𝑣𝑜𝑜 + 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔
𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓 2 = 𝑣𝑣𝑜𝑜 2 + 2𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒. 1 𝑡𝑡1 + 𝑡𝑡2 = 5
1 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒. 2 16.1𝑡𝑡1 2 − 1120 𝑡𝑡2 = 0
𝑆𝑆 = 𝑣𝑣𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡 + 𝑔𝑔𝑡𝑡 2 𝒕𝒕𝟏𝟏 = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔
2
𝑡𝑡2 = 0.315 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
If the motion is going up g =-9.81 m/s2 b. Solving H
If the motion is going down g= 9.81 m/s2 𝐻𝐻 = 1120 (0.315)
𝐻𝐻 = 353 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
Problem 3
A stone is thrown vertically upward and returns to earth Problem 5
in 12 seconds. A workman drops a wrench from the roof of a tall building
90 m above the street and at the same instant shouts a
a. Determine its initial velocity. warning to men below. If sound travels 342 m/s, how
b. How high did it go? long after the warning is heard below does the wrench
c. At what time did it travel until it reaches the strike?
highest point? Solution
For Wrench’s Free Fall
Solution 1
Since the Elev. Of the starting point is equals to the Elev. 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡𝑤𝑤 + 𝑔𝑔(𝑡𝑡𝑤𝑤 )2
2
of the final point
1
90 = 0 + (9.81)(𝑡𝑡𝑤𝑤 )2
Time to reach the highest point =12/2 = 6 seconds 2
The velocity of the highest point = 0 m/s
𝑡𝑡𝑤𝑤 = 4.284 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
a. Solving the initial Velocity
For the sound of shout (Constant Velocity)
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑉𝑉𝑠𝑠 𝑡𝑡𝑠𝑠
1
90 = 342 𝑡𝑡𝑠𝑠 (3 − 2) = (𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜 sin 30) 𝑡𝑡 + (−9.81)𝑡𝑡 2
2
10 1
𝑡𝑡𝑠𝑠 = 0.263 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 (3 − 2) = � � sin(30)𝑡𝑡 + (−9.81)𝑡𝑡 2
(
cos 30 𝑡𝑡 ) 2
∆𝑡𝑡 = 4.284 − 0.263 = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 sin(30) 1 2
1 = 10 � � + (−9.81)𝑡𝑡
cos(30) 2
Curvilinear Translation (Dynamics) 𝑡𝑡 = 0.987 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
Projectile Motion 10
𝑉𝑉𝑥𝑥 = 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜 cos 𝜃𝜃 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜 =
cos(30)(0.987)
𝑉𝑉𝑦𝑦 = 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜 sin 𝜃𝜃 𝒎𝒎
𝑽𝑽𝒐𝒐 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕
𝒔𝒔
Solution 2
𝑔𝑔𝑥𝑥 2
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 tan 𝜃𝜃 − 2
2𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜 cos 2 𝜃𝜃
9.81(10)2
(3 − 2) = 10 tan(30) −
The horizontal component of the velocity is constant 2𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜 2 cos2 30
throughout the projectile 𝒎𝒎
𝑽𝑽𝒐𝒐 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕
𝒔𝒔
The Vertical Component is uniformly accelerated (Free
Falling) b. Final Velocity
For Horizontal Component
General Formula of Projectile 𝑉𝑉𝑥𝑥 = 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜 cos 𝜃𝜃 = 11.705 cos(30)
𝑔𝑔𝑥𝑥 2 𝑚𝑚
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 tan 𝜃𝜃 − 𝑉𝑉𝑥𝑥 = 10.137
𝑠𝑠
2𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜 2 cos2 𝜃𝜃
Take Note: For Vetical Component
Use the starting point of the Projectile as origin (Apply
𝑉𝑉𝑦𝑦 2 = [11.705 sin(30)]2 + 2(−9.81)(1)
sign convention) 𝑚𝑚
𝑉𝑉𝑦𝑦 = 3.825
Problem 6 𝑠𝑠
𝒎𝒎
Atlanta Hawk’s Star point guard, Trae Young, shoots the 𝑉𝑉𝑓𝑓 = �(10.137)2 + (3.825)2 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑
𝒔𝒔
basketball 10 m from the basket. The release point of the
ball is 2m above the ground with 30 degrees trajectory. Problem 7
The basket is at 3 m from the ground.
A zoology graduate student is provided with a bow and
a. Calculate the magnitude of the basketball’s initial arrow topped with a syringe of sedative and is assigned
velocity. to measure the temperature of a black rhinoceros. The
b. Calculate the magnitude of the basketball’s range of his bow when it is fully drawn and aimed 45
velocity when it passes through the basket. degrees above the horizontal is 100 m. An aggressive
rhino suddenly charges straight toward him at 30 km/hr.
If he fully draws his bow and aimed at 20 degrees above
the horizontal, how far away should the rhino be when
the student releases the arrow?
Solution

𝑔𝑔𝑥𝑥 2
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 tan 𝜃𝜃 −
2𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜 2 cos 2 𝜃𝜃
9.81(100)2
0 = 100 tan(45) −
2𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜 2 cos 2 (45)
Solution 𝑚𝑚
𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜 = 31.32
a. Initial Velocity 𝑠𝑠
For Horizontal Component
For the arrow
𝑥𝑥 = 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜 cos 𝜃𝜃 𝑡𝑡
𝑥𝑥 10 Vy @ highest point = 0
𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜 = =
cos 𝜃𝜃 𝑡𝑡 cos(30)𝑡𝑡
Vy = 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑦𝑦 + 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔
For Vertical Component
0 = (31.32 sin 20) + (−9.81)𝑡𝑡
1
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜 sin 𝜃𝜃 𝑡𝑡 + 𝑔𝑔𝑡𝑡 2 𝑡𝑡 = 1.09 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
2
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑖𝑔𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑡, 𝑡𝑡𝑓𝑓 = 2(1.09) = 2.18𝑠𝑠

𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡, 𝑥𝑥1 Solution

𝑥𝑥1 = (𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑥𝑥 )�𝑡𝑡𝑓𝑓 � a. Determine the particle’s velocity when t = 2 sec

𝑡𝑡 = 0, 𝑠𝑠 = 0 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑣𝑣 = 3 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠
= (31.32 cos 20)(2.18) = 64.16 𝑚𝑚
𝑠𝑠 = 𝑣𝑣 2 – 9
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑟𝑟ℎ𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 2𝑣𝑣 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑣𝑣 = 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 = 2𝑣𝑣 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑥𝑥2 = (8.333)(2.18) ∫ 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = ∫ 2𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 →
2 𝑣𝑣
∫0 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = ∫3 2𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑥𝑥2 = 18.17 𝑚𝑚 𝑡𝑡|20 = 2𝑣𝑣|𝑣𝑣3
2 − 0 = 2𝑣𝑣 − 2(3)
𝑥𝑥1 + 𝑥𝑥2 = 64.16 + 18.17 = 82.33 𝑚𝑚 𝒎𝒎
𝒗𝒗 = 𝟒𝟒
𝒔𝒔
Rectilinear Motion with Variable Acceleration b. What is the distance travel traveled at t= 3 sec?
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑡𝑡 = 2𝑣𝑣 − 6
𝑎𝑎𝑐𝑐 =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3 = 2𝑣𝑣 − 6
𝑣𝑣 𝑡𝑡
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = � 𝑎𝑎𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑚𝑚
𝑣𝑣𝑜𝑜 0 𝑉𝑉 = 4.5
𝑣𝑣 = 𝑣𝑣𝑜𝑜 + 𝑎𝑎𝑐𝑐 𝑡𝑡 𝑠𝑠

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑆𝑆 = (4.5)2 − 9
𝑣𝑣 = = 𝑣𝑣𝑜𝑜 + 𝑎𝑎𝑐𝑐 𝑡𝑡 𝑺𝑺 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒎𝒎
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑥𝑥 𝑡𝑡
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = � (𝑣𝑣𝑜𝑜 + 𝑎𝑎𝑐𝑐 𝑡𝑡)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 Problem 10
𝑥𝑥𝑜𝑜 0
1 Starting from rest, a bicyclist travels around a horizontal
𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥𝑜𝑜 + 𝑣𝑣𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡 + 𝑎𝑎 𝑡𝑡 2 circular path of radius 10, at a speed 𝑣𝑣 = 0.09 𝑡𝑡 2 + 0.1 𝑡𝑡
𝑣𝑣 𝑥𝑥
2 𝑐𝑐
� 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 = � 𝑎𝑎𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 a. Determine the magnitude of his velocity when he
𝑣𝑣𝑜𝑜 𝑥𝑥𝑜𝑜 traveled a distance of 3 m.
𝑣𝑣 = 𝑣𝑣𝑜𝑜 2 + 2 𝑎𝑎𝑐𝑐 (𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥𝑜𝑜 )
2 b. Determine the magnitudes of his acceleration
when he has traveled a distance of 3 m.
Problem 8
The position of a particle along a straight line is given by Solution
𝑠𝑠 = 𝑡𝑡 3 − 9𝑡𝑡 2 + 15 𝑡𝑡. a. Determine the magnitude of his velocity when he
a. Determine the Velocity when t = 10 sec traveled a distance of 3 m
b. What is the acceleration when t = 10 sec? 𝑣𝑣 = 0.09 𝑡𝑡 2 + 0.1 𝑡𝑡
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 0.09 𝑡𝑡 2 + 0.1 𝑡𝑡
Solution 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
3 𝑡𝑡
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
a. Determine the velocity when t = 10 sec � = � (0.09 𝑡𝑡 2 + 0.1 𝑡𝑡)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑠𝑠 = 𝑡𝑡 3 − 9𝑡𝑡 2 + 15 𝑡𝑡 0 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 0
𝑡𝑡
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3
0.09 𝑡𝑡 3 0.1 𝑡𝑡 2
= 3𝑡𝑡 2 − 18𝑡𝑡 + 15 𝑆𝑆|0 = + �
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3 2 0
𝒎𝒎
𝑣𝑣10 = 3(10)2 − 18(10) + 15 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 0.09 𝑡𝑡 3 0.1 𝑡𝑡 2
𝒔𝒔 3= +
b. What is the acceleration when t = 10 sec? 3 2
𝑡𝑡 = 4.147
3𝑡𝑡 2 − 18𝑡𝑡 + 15 𝒎𝒎
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑣𝑣 = 0.09(4.147)2 + 0.1(4.147) = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗
= 6𝑡𝑡 − 18 𝒔𝒔
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 6(10) − 18) b. Determine the magnitudes of his acceleration
𝒂𝒂𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝒎𝒎/𝒔𝒔𝟐𝟐 when he has traveled a distance of 3 m.
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑎𝑎𝑡𝑡 = = 0.18 𝑡𝑡 + 0.1
Problem 9 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑚𝑚
𝑎𝑎𝑡𝑡 = 0.18 (4.147) + 0.1 = 0.847 2 = 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
The rectilinear motion of a particle is given by 𝑠𝑠 = 𝑣𝑣 2 – 9 𝑠𝑠
where s in meter and v in m/s. When 𝑡𝑡 = 0, 𝑠𝑠 = 𝑉𝑉 2 1.962 𝑚𝑚
𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛 = = = 0.384 2 = 𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
0 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑣𝑣 = 3 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 𝜌𝜌 10 𝑠𝑠
𝒎𝒎
𝑎𝑎 = �0.847 + 0.384 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 𝟐𝟐
2 2
a. Determine the particle’s velocity when t = 2 sec 𝒔𝒔
b. What is the distance travel traveled at t = 3 sec?
Problem 11
When the skier reaches point A along the parabolic path Solution
shown, he has a speed of 6 m/s which is increasing at 2
m/s2. 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿ℎ

a. What angle from the horizontal is his velocity 𝐿𝐿 = 𝑆𝑆𝐴𝐴 + 2𝑆𝑆𝐵𝐵 + 2𝑆𝑆𝐶𝐶
being directed?
𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
b. Determine the magnitude of the skier’s
acceleration. 0 = 𝑉𝑉𝐴𝐴 + 2𝑉𝑉𝐵𝐵 + 2𝑉𝑉𝐶𝐶
0 = 𝑎𝑎𝐴𝐴 + 2𝑎𝑎𝐵𝐵 + 2𝑎𝑎𝐶𝐶
Say downward (+)

0 = 6 + 𝑉𝑉𝐵𝐵 + 2(18)
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑉𝑉𝐵𝐵 = −21
𝑠𝑠
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑉𝑉𝐵𝐵 = 21 (𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖)
𝑠𝑠
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉
Solution
B w/ respect to C
a. What angle from the horizontal is his velocity 𝑉𝑉𝐵𝐵
being directed? −21 = 18 +
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1 1 1 𝑐𝑐
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = = 𝑦𝑦 ′ = 2 � 𝑥𝑥� = 𝑥𝑥 = (10) = 1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 20 10 10 𝑉𝑉𝐵𝐵
𝜃𝜃 = arctan(𝑦𝑦 ′ ) = arctan(1) = 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒° = −39 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓/𝑠𝑠 = 39 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓/𝑠𝑠 ↑
𝑐𝑐
b. Determine the magnitude of the skier’s
acceleration. C w/ respect to B
𝑎𝑎 = �𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛 2 + 𝑎𝑎𝑡𝑡 2 𝑉𝑉𝐶𝐶 𝑉𝑉𝐶𝐶 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑚𝑚 18 = −21 + � = 39 ↓
𝑎𝑎𝑡𝑡 = 2 2 (𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔) 𝐵𝐵 𝐵𝐵 𝑠𝑠
𝑠𝑠
𝑣𝑣 2 Problem 13
𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛 =
𝜌𝜌
𝑚𝑚 Determine the time needed for the load at B to attain a
𝑣𝑣 = 6 speed of 10 m/s, starting from rest, if the cable is drawn
𝑠𝑠
3 into the motor with an acceleration of 3 m/s2.
(1 + 𝑦𝑦 2 )2
𝜌𝜌 = Solution
𝑦𝑦"
1
𝑦𝑦" = 𝑆𝑆𝐵𝐵 + 2 (𝑆𝑆𝐵𝐵 − 𝑆𝑆𝐶𝐶 ) = 𝑙𝑙1
10
3
(1 + 𝑦𝑦 2 )2 3𝑆𝑆𝐵𝐵 − 2𝑆𝑆𝐶𝐶 = 𝑙𝑙1
𝜌𝜌 = = 28.28
1 𝑆𝑆𝐴𝐴 + 𝑆𝑆𝐶𝐶 = 𝑙𝑙2
10
Using time derivatives
62 𝑚𝑚
𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛 = = 1.27 2 3𝑉𝑉𝐵𝐵 − 2𝑉𝑉𝐶𝐶 = 0
28.28 𝑠𝑠
𝒎𝒎
( ) 2 ( )
𝑎𝑎 = � 1.27 + 2 2 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝟐𝟐 𝑉𝑉𝐴𝐴 + 𝑉𝑉𝐶𝐶 = 0
𝒔𝒔
Absolute Dependent Motion Analysis of Two Bodies 3𝑎𝑎𝐴𝐴 − 2𝑎𝑎𝐶𝐶 = 0

Problem 12 𝑎𝑎𝐴𝐴 + 𝑎𝑎𝐶𝐶 = 0

If block A of the pulley system is moving downward at 6 3 + 𝑎𝑎𝑐𝑐 = 0

ft/s while block C is moving down at 18 ft/s, determine te 𝑚𝑚
relative velocity of block B with respect to C. 𝑎𝑎𝑐𝑐 = −3 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝
𝑠𝑠 2
a. Determine the velocity of Block B. 3𝑎𝑎𝐵𝐵 − 2(−3) = 0 𝑎𝑎𝐵𝐵 = 2 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠 2
b. Determine the relative velocity of Block B with
respect to Block C. 𝑉𝑉𝑓𝑓 = 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜 + 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎

10 = 0 + 2𝑡𝑡
𝒕𝒕 = 𝟓𝟓 𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆𝒆 𝑁𝑁 = 509.74 𝑁𝑁
Problem 14 𝑓𝑓 = 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇 = 0.20 (509.74)
The 50-kg crate shown in Figure rests on a horizontal 𝑓𝑓 = 101.95 𝑁𝑁
surface for which the coefficient of kinetic friction is 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 =
0.3. If the crate is subjected to a 400-N towing force as � 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝐴𝐴
shown.
−588.6 sin 30 − 101.95 + 𝑇𝑇 = 60(𝑎𝑎𝐴𝐴 )
a.
b. Determine the acceleration of the crate.
c. Determine the velocity of the crate 3 seconds � 𝐹𝐹𝑣𝑣 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝐵𝐵
starting from rest.
196.2 − 2𝑇𝑇 = 20(𝑎𝑎𝐵𝐵 )

Solution 𝑎𝑎𝐴𝐴 = −2𝑎𝑎𝐵𝐵 ( 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 )

−396.25 + 𝑇𝑇 = 60(2𝑎𝑎𝐵𝐵 )
� 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = 0
196.2 − 2𝑇𝑇 = 20(𝑎𝑎𝐵𝐵 )
−490.5 + 𝑁𝑁 + 400 sin 30 = 0 𝑚𝑚
𝑇𝑇 = 121.03 𝑁𝑁 𝑎𝑎𝐵𝐵 = −2.293 𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊 ×
𝑁𝑁 = 290.5 𝑁𝑁 𝑠𝑠 2

𝑓𝑓 = 0.30(290.5) = 87.15 𝑁𝑁
Correct Solution
� 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝑆𝐴𝐴 + 𝑆𝑆𝐵𝐵 = 𝑙𝑙
400 cos 30 − 87.15 = 50(𝑎𝑎) 𝑉𝑉𝐴𝐴 + 2𝑉𝑉𝐵𝐵 = 0
𝒂𝒂 = 𝟓𝟓. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒎𝒎/𝒔𝒔𝟐𝟐 𝑎𝑎𝐴𝐴 + 2𝑎𝑎𝐵𝐵 = 0
𝑉𝑉𝑓𝑓 = 𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜 + 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎

𝑉𝑉𝑓𝑓 = 0 + (5.19)(3)
𝒎𝒎
𝑽𝑽𝒇𝒇 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔
𝒔𝒔
Problem 15
The system is released from rest with the cable taut. For 588.6 sin 30 − 101.95 + 𝑇𝑇 = 60(𝑎𝑎𝐴𝐴 )
the friction coefficients 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇 = 0.25 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇 = 0.20.
2𝑇𝑇 − 196.2 = 20(𝑎𝑎𝐵𝐵 )
a. Calculate the acceleration of Block A.
b. Calculate the acceleration of cylinder B. 192.35 − 𝑇𝑇 = 60(𝑎𝑎𝐵𝐵 )
c. Calculate the tension in the cable.
𝑻𝑻 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝑵𝑵
Solution 𝒎𝒎
𝒂𝒂𝑩𝑩 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 𝟐𝟐
𝒔𝒔
𝑆𝑆𝐴𝐴 + 𝑆𝑆𝐵𝐵 = 𝑙𝑙
𝒂𝒂𝑨𝑨 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝒎𝒎/𝒔𝒔𝟐𝟐
𝑉𝑉𝐴𝐴 + 2𝑉𝑉𝐵𝐵 = 0
Problem 16
𝑎𝑎𝐴𝐴 + 2𝑎𝑎𝐵𝐵 = 0
The rotation of a pulley is defined by the relation 𝜃𝜃 =
2𝑡𝑡 4 − 30𝑡𝑡^2 + 6𝑡𝑡 where 𝜃𝜃 is measured with rad and t in
seconds
a. Determine the value of angular velocity in rpm at
the instant t = 4 seconds
b. Determine the value of the angular acceleration
at the instant t = 4 seconds.
Solution
� 𝐹𝐹 ⊥ = 0 𝜃𝜃 = 2𝑡𝑡 4 − 30𝑡𝑡 2 + 6𝑡𝑡

𝑁𝑁 − 588.6 cos 30 = 0
 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑁𝑁 = 𝑊𝑊 = 9.81 𝑁𝑁|𝑓𝑓 = 0.3(9.81) = 2.943 𝑁𝑁
𝑤𝑤 = = 8𝑡𝑡 3 − 60 𝑡𝑡 + 6
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
1 1
𝑤𝑤 = 8(4)3 − 60(4) + 6 0 + (1)(4.85)2 − 2.943(3) = 0 + (1)(𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐 )2
2 2
𝑚𝑚
𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 𝑉𝑉𝑐𝑐 = 2.43
𝒘𝒘 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝑠𝑠
𝒔𝒔 c. Compute the total distance travelled by the box if
3
𝑤𝑤 = 8𝑡𝑡 − 60 𝑡𝑡 + 6 it stops at D.
Considering C to D
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1 1
𝛼𝛼 = = 24𝑡𝑡 2 − 60 (1)(2.43)2 − 2.943 (𝑑𝑑) = (1)(0)2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 2
𝑑𝑑 = 1.0032 𝑚𝑚
𝛼𝛼 = 24(4)2 − 60 𝐷𝐷 = 3 + 5 + 1.0032 = 𝟗𝟗 𝒎𝒎
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐴𝐴 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝐷𝐷
𝛼𝛼 = 324 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟/𝑠𝑠 2
1(9.81)(5 sin 30) − 2.55(5) − 2.943(3 + 𝑑𝑑 ) = 0
Work and Energy Theorem 𝑑𝑑 = 1.0010 𝑚𝑚
𝑫𝑫 = 𝟗𝟗. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒎𝒎
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 = 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
Problem 18
Common Types of Energy
A car starting from rest at A is to attempt the frictionless
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 ∶ 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊 loop shown. The car weighs 150 lbs and carries a 150 lb
man.
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝑐𝑐 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑦𝑦: 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 = ½ 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2
a. Determine the required velocity at D to just
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸: 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 = ½ 𝑘𝑘(∆𝑋𝑋 )2 clear the gap
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊: 𝑊𝑊 = 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 b. Determine h.
c. Determine the velocity at B.
Problem 17 d. Find the centrifugal force at B.
e. Find the normal force at B.
The coefficient of kinetic friction between the box and the
surface is 0.3. The box is released from rest at A.
a. Compute the velocity of the box when it reaches
point B.
b. Compute the velocity of the box at C if the
distance between B and C is 3 m
c. Compute the total distance travelled by the box if
it stops at D.

Solution
a. Determine the required velocity at D to just clear
the gap
32.2 (70.7)2
0 = 70.7 tan 22.5 −
2𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜 2 cos 2 (22.5)
𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇
Solution 𝑽𝑽𝒐𝒐 = 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕
𝒔𝒔
a. Compute the velocity of the box when it reaches b. Determine h
point B. 1 300
300(ℎ) + 0 = 300(5) + � � (56.74)2
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐴𝐴 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝐵𝐵 2 32.3
𝐸𝐸𝐴𝐴 + 𝑊𝑊 = 𝐸𝐸𝐵𝐵 𝒉𝒉 = 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇
𝑃𝑃𝐸𝐸𝐴𝐴 + 𝐾𝐾𝐸𝐸𝐴𝐴 + 𝑊𝑊 = 𝑃𝑃𝐸𝐸𝐵𝐵 + 𝐾𝐾𝐸𝐸𝐵𝐵 c. Determine the velocity at B.
𝑁𝑁 = 1(9.81) cos(30) = 850 𝑁𝑁 1 300
300(54.99) = 300(40) + � � (𝑉𝑉𝐵𝐵 )2
𝑓𝑓 = 0.30 (8.50 ) = 2.55 𝑁𝑁 2 32.22
1(9.81)(5 sin 30) + 0 − 2.55(5) 𝒇𝒇𝒕𝒕
𝑽𝑽𝑩𝑩 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
1 𝒔𝒔
= 0 + (1)(𝑉𝑉𝐵𝐵 )2 d. Find the centrifugal Force at B
2
𝒎𝒎 𝑚𝑚𝑣𝑣 2 300 31.07 2
𝑽𝑽𝑩𝑩 = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝐹𝐹 = 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑛𝑛 = =� �� � = 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕. 𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍
𝒔𝒔 𝑅𝑅 32.2 20
b. Compute the velocity of the box at C if the e. Find the normal force at B
distance between B and c is 3 m 𝑁𝑁𝐵𝐵 = 449.77 − 300 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍
𝑃𝑃𝐸𝐸𝐵𝐵 + 𝐾𝐾𝐸𝐸𝐵𝐵 + 𝑊𝑊 = 𝑃𝑃𝐸𝐸𝐶𝐶 + 𝐾𝐾𝐸𝐸𝐶𝐶
Impulse and Momentum 10(10) + 5(−5) = (10 + 5)𝑈𝑈𝐴𝐴
𝒎𝒎
Impact: Collision between two 𝑼𝑼𝑨𝑨 = 𝟓𝟓 (𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓)
bides which occurs during a 𝒔𝒔
small-time interval and during e=0.80
which the bodies exert large
forces on each other. 𝑚𝑚𝐴𝐴 𝑉𝑉𝐴𝐴 + 𝑚𝑚𝐵𝐵 𝑉𝑉𝐵𝐵 = 𝑚𝑚𝐴𝐴 𝑈𝑈𝐴𝐴 + 𝑚𝑚𝐵𝐵 𝑈𝑈𝐵𝐵
Line of Impact: Common normal 10(10) + 5(−5) = 10(𝑈𝑈𝐴𝐴 ) + 5(𝑈𝑈𝐵𝐵 )
to the surfaces in contact during
impact 𝑈𝑈𝐵𝐵 − 𝑈𝑈𝐴𝐴 𝑈𝑈𝐵𝐵 − 𝑈𝑈𝐴𝐴
𝑒𝑒 = → 0.8 =
𝑉𝑉𝐴𝐴 − 𝑉𝑉𝐵𝐵 10 − (−5)
Central Impact: Impact for
which the mass centers of the 12 = 𝑈𝑈𝐵𝐵 − 𝑈𝑈𝐴𝐴
two bodies lie on the line of
impct; otherwise, it is an 75 = 10𝑈𝑈𝐴𝐴 + 5𝑈𝑈𝐵𝐵
eccentric impact. 𝑚𝑚
𝑈𝑈𝐴𝐴 = 1 (𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟ℎ𝑡𝑡)
Direct Impact: Impact for which 𝑠𝑠
the velocities of the two boides 𝒎𝒎
are directed along the line of 𝑼𝑼𝑩𝑩 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 (𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓)
𝒔𝒔
impact.
e = 1.00
Oblique Impact: Impact for which one or both of the
bodies move along a line other than the line of impact. 𝑚𝑚𝐴𝐴 𝑉𝑉𝐴𝐴 + 𝑚𝑚𝐵𝐵 𝑉𝑉𝐵𝐵 = 𝑚𝑚𝐴𝐴 𝑈𝑈𝐴𝐴 + 𝑚𝑚𝐵𝐵 𝑈𝑈𝐵𝐵

Coefficient of Restitution, e 10(10) + 5(−5) = 10(𝑈𝑈𝐴𝐴 ) + 5(𝑈𝑈𝐵𝐵 )

𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑢𝑢𝐵𝐵 − 𝑢𝑢𝐴𝐴 𝑈𝑈𝐵𝐵 − 𝑈𝑈𝐴𝐴 𝑈𝑈𝐵𝐵 − 𝑈𝑈𝐴𝐴
𝑒𝑒 = = 𝑒𝑒 = → 1.0 =
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑣𝑣𝐴𝐴 − 𝑣𝑣𝐵𝐵 𝑉𝑉𝐴𝐴 − 𝑉𝑉𝐵𝐵 10 − (−5)
15 = 𝑈𝑈𝐵𝐵 − 𝑈𝑈𝐴𝐴
1
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑓𝑓 2 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣
𝑒𝑒 = � = �2 = 75 = 10𝑈𝑈𝐴𝐴 + 5𝑈𝑈𝐵𝐵
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 𝐵𝐵𝑒𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 1 2 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚0 𝒎𝒎
2 (𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓)
𝑼𝑼𝑨𝑨 = 𝟎𝟎
𝒔𝒔
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 @ 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚ℎ ℎ 𝒎𝒎
𝑒𝑒 = � =� =� 𝑼𝑼𝑩𝑩 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 (𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝑡𝑡)
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 @ 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝐻 𝒔𝒔
Problem 20
Problem 19
A ball is dropped onto a solid floor from an initial height
Object A which weighs 10 kg and moving to the right at
of 10 m. If the coefficient of restitution is 0.90, how high
a speed of 10 m/s, collided object B, which weighs 5 kg
will the ball rebound?
and moving to the left at 5 m/s.
Solution
a. Find the velocity of A after impact if perfectly
plastic. e=0
b. If the coefficient of restitution, e=0.8, find the ℎ 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏
𝑒𝑒 = �
velocity of A after impact. ℎ 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
c. Find the velocity of A after impact if perfectly
elastic. e=1
ℎ
0.90 = �
Solution 10

𝒉𝒉 = 𝟖𝟖. 𝟏𝟏 𝒎𝒎
Problem 21
e=0 A ball is projected onto the heavy plate with a velocity of
𝑚𝑚𝐴𝐴 𝑉𝑉𝐴𝐴 + 𝑚𝑚𝐵𝐵 𝑉𝑉𝐵𝐵 = 𝑚𝑚𝐴𝐴 𝑈𝑈𝐴𝐴 + 𝑚𝑚𝐵𝐵 𝑈𝑈𝐵𝐵 50 ft/sec at the 30-degree angle shown. If the effective
coefficient of restitution is 0.5. Compute the rebound
10(10) + 5(−5) = 10(𝑈𝑈𝐴𝐴 ) + 5(𝑈𝑈𝐵𝐵 ) velocity and its angle.
𝑈𝑈𝐵𝐵 − 𝑈𝑈𝐴𝐴 𝑈𝑈𝐵𝐵 − 𝑈𝑈𝐴𝐴
𝑒𝑒 = →0= → 𝑈𝑈𝐵𝐵 = 𝑈𝑈𝐴𝐴
𝑉𝑉𝐴𝐴 − 𝑉𝑉𝐵𝐵 10 − (−5)
Solution

Get components
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 = 50 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 30 = 25
𝑠𝑠
𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑉𝑉𝐻𝐻 = 50 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 30 = 43.30
𝑠𝑠 Impulse along Line of collision
Vertical impulse
10(3 cos 45) + 2(−12 cos 30) = 10(𝑈𝑈1𝐿𝐿 ) + 2(𝑈𝑈2𝐿𝐿 )
𝑢𝑢𝑣𝑣 𝑈𝑈1𝐿𝐿 + 𝑈𝑈2𝐿𝐿
𝑒𝑒 = 0.5 =
𝑉𝑉𝑣𝑣 3 cos 45 − (−12 cos 30)
𝑢𝑢𝑣𝑣
0.5 = 𝑈𝑈1𝐿𝐿 = −1.0007
25
𝑚𝑚 𝑈𝑈2𝐿𝐿 = 5.249
𝑈𝑈𝑣𝑣 = 12.5
𝑠𝑠 𝑈𝑈1𝑝𝑝 = 3 sin 45 = 2.121
Horizontal Impulse
𝑈𝑈2𝑝𝑝 = −12 sin 30 = −6
𝒎𝒎
𝑈𝑈1 = �(−1.007)2 + (2.121)2 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 ↖
𝒔𝒔
𝒎𝒎
𝑈𝑈2 = �(5.249)2 + (−6)2 = 𝟕𝟕. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 ↘
𝒔𝒔

𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇 Problem 23
𝑣𝑣 = �(12.5)2 + (43.30)2 = 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒔𝒔 A pitching machine throws the 0.5 kg ball toward the wall
12.5 with an initial velocity vA =10 m/s as shown. Determine
𝜃𝜃 = arctan � � = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏°
43.30 a. The velocity at which it strikes the wall at B
b. The velocity at which it rebounds from the wall if
e = 0.5
c. The distance s from the wall to where it strikes the
ground at C.

𝜽𝜽𝟐𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎°

Problem 22
Sphere A collides with sphere B as shown in the figure. If
the coefficient of restitution is e= 0.5, determine the
velocity of each sphere immediately after impact. Motion
is confined to the x-y plane.

Solution
 a. The velocity at which it strikes the wall at B 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝜃𝜃 = �
9.81(3)2 4𝐺𝐺𝐴𝐴20 𝑡𝑡
𝑦𝑦 = 3 tan(30) −
2(10)2 cos2 (30)
𝑦𝑦 = 1.143 𝑚𝑚 Problem 24
𝑚𝑚
𝑉𝑉𝑥𝑥 = 10 cos 30 = 8.66 An aluminum tube, 1.2 m long, has the semicircular cross
𝑠𝑠 section shown in the figure. If stress concentrations at the
𝑉𝑉𝑦𝑦 2 = (10 sin 30)2 + 2(−9.81)(1.143) corners are neglected, determine
𝑚𝑚
𝑉𝑉𝑦𝑦 = 1.60
𝑠𝑠 a. The torque that causes a maximum shear stress of
�
𝑉𝑉𝑓𝑓 = 8.662 + 1.602 40 Mpa
𝒎𝒎 b. The corresponding angle of twist of the tube. Use
𝑽𝑽𝒇𝒇 = 𝟖𝟖. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 G=28 Gpa for aluminum
𝒔𝒔
b. The velocity at which it rebounds from the wall if
e = 0.5

Rebound velocity Solution

𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑥𝑥 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑥𝑥 𝑚𝑚
𝑒𝑒 = → 0.50 = 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 = 4.333 𝑁𝑁
𝑉𝑉𝑥𝑥 8.66 𝑥𝑥 𝑠𝑠 𝑞𝑞 = 𝜏𝜏𝑡𝑡 = (40𝑥𝑥105 )(0.002) = 80 𝑥𝑥103
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑦𝑦 = 𝑉𝑉𝑦𝑦 𝑚𝑚
𝑚𝑚
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑦𝑦 = 1.60 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2 𝜋𝜋(0.025)2
𝑠𝑠 𝐴𝐴0 = = = 0.9817 𝑥𝑥 10−3 𝑚𝑚2
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 = �(4.33)2 + (1.60)2 2 2
𝒎𝒎 𝑇𝑇 = 2 𝐴𝐴0 𝑞𝑞 = 2(0.9817 𝑥𝑥10−3 )(80𝑥𝑥103 ) = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑵𝑵 ∙ 𝒎𝒎
𝑽𝑽𝑽𝑽 = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔
𝒔𝒔
1.60 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 2𝑟𝑟 𝜋𝜋(25)
𝜃𝜃2 = arctan � � = 20.30° � = + = = 55.94
4.33 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑡𝑡1 𝑡𝑡2 2
c. The distance s from the wall to where it strikes the
ground at C. 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 157.07(1.2)
𝜃𝜃 = 2� = (55.94)
4𝐺𝐺𝐴𝐴0 𝑡𝑡 4(28𝑥𝑥109 )(0.9817𝑥𝑥10−3 )
9.81(𝑥𝑥)2
−2.643 = 𝑥𝑥 tan(20.3) −
2(4.62)2 cos2 (20.3) = 0.0977 𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑎𝑑𝑑 = 𝟓𝟓. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔°

𝑆𝑆 = 𝑥𝑥 = 3.96 𝑚𝑚 Problem 25
A steel tube with cross section shown carries a 50- kip-in
torque. The torque that causes a maximum shear stress of
40 Mpa.
a. Determine the maximum shear stress in the tube
b. The angle of twist per foot of length. Use G = 11
x 106 psi for steel
Strength of Materials
Torsion of Thin Walled Tubes
Shear Flow

𝑞𝑞 = 𝜏𝜏𝜏𝜏
Torque

𝑇𝑇 = 2 𝐴𝐴0 𝑞𝑞
Angle of Twist
Solution
a. Determine the maximum shear stress in the tube
𝑇𝑇 = 50 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖, 𝐺𝐺 = 11𝑥𝑥106 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝
( ) 2
𝜋𝜋 3
𝐴𝐴0 = + (2𝑥𝑥3) = 13.069 𝑖𝑖𝑛𝑛2
4
𝑞𝑞 𝑇𝑇
𝑎𝑎. 𝜏𝜏 = =
𝑡𝑡 2𝐴𝐴0 𝑡𝑡
1 Problem 26
𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝜏𝜏𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 𝑡𝑡 = 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
8
𝑇𝑇 (50𝑥𝑥103 ) A helical spring is fabricated by wrapping wire ¾ in. In
𝜏𝜏𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = = = 15300 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 diameter around a forming cylinder 8 in. in diameter.
2𝐴𝐴0 𝑡𝑡 2(13.069) �1�
8 Compute the number of turns required to permit an
elongation of 4 in. without exceeding a shearing stress of
b. The angle of twist per foot of length. Use G=11 x 18 ksi. And G = 12 x 106 psi
106 psi for steel
Solution
𝜃𝜃 𝑇𝑇 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 (50𝑥𝑥103 )(81.90
= � =
𝐿𝐿 4𝐺𝐺𝐴𝐴20 𝑡𝑡 4(11𝑥𝑥106 )(13.069)2 16𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑑𝑑
𝜏𝜏𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = �1 + �
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝜋𝜋𝑑𝑑 3 4𝑅𝑅
= 5.449𝑥𝑥10−4
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 3
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 16𝑃𝑃(4)
�1 + 4 �
−4
= 5.449𝑥𝑥10 18,000 =
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 3 3 4(4)
−4
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 12𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 180𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝜋𝜋 �4�
= 5.449𝑥𝑥10 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
= 𝟎𝟎. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅/𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇 𝑷𝑷 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍

Spring 64𝑃𝑃𝑅𝑅3 𝑛𝑛
𝛿𝛿 =
𝐺𝐺𝑑𝑑 4
For Light Spring
64(356.07)(43 )
𝑃𝑃 16(𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃) 4=
𝜏𝜏 = 𝜏𝜏1 + 𝜏𝜏2 = + 3
𝜋𝜋𝑑𝑑 2 𝜋𝜋𝑑𝑑 3 (12𝑥𝑥106 ) � �
4
4
𝒏𝒏 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑑𝑑
𝜏𝜏 = 16 3 �1 + � Problem 27
𝜋𝜋𝑑𝑑 4𝑅𝑅
For Heavy Spring Determine the maximum shearing stress and elongation
in a bronze helical spring composed of 20 turns of 1.0-in
16𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 4𝑚𝑚 − 1 0.615 – diameter wire on a mean radius of 4 in. when the
𝜏𝜏 = � + �
𝜋𝜋𝑑𝑑 3 4𝑚𝑚 − 4 𝑚𝑚 springs is supporting a load of 500 lb and G=6x106 psi
Elongation Solution
64𝑃𝑃𝑅𝑅3 𝑛𝑛 16𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 4𝑚𝑚 − 1 0.615
𝛿𝛿 = 𝜏𝜏𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = � + �
𝐺𝐺𝑑𝑑 4 𝜋𝜋𝑑𝑑 3 4𝑚𝑚 − 4 𝑚𝑚
Spring Constant Where
𝑃𝑃 𝐺𝐺𝑑𝑑 4 𝑁𝑁 𝑃𝑃 = 500 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙; 𝑅𝑅 = 4 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝑘𝑘 = = 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝛿𝛿 64𝑃𝑃𝑅𝑅3 𝑛𝑛 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑑𝑑 = 1 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖; 𝑛𝑛 = 20 𝑡𝑡𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢
Spring in Series
2𝑅𝑅 2(4)
𝑚𝑚 = = =8
𝑑𝑑 1
16(500)(4) 4(8) − 1 0.615
𝜏𝜏𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = � + �
𝜋𝜋(1)3 4(8) − 4 8
𝜏𝜏𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 12 060.3 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟏𝟏 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌
Spring in Parallel
64𝑃𝑃𝑅𝑅3 𝑛𝑛 64(500)(4)3 (20)
𝛿𝛿 = =
𝐺𝐺𝑑𝑑 4 (6𝑥𝑥106 )(1)4

𝛿𝛿 = 6.83 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
Problem 28 April 14, 2020
Two steel springs arranged in series as shown in Figure Statics
supports a load P. The upper spring has 12 turns of 25-
mm- diameter wire on a mean radius of 100 mm. The Catenary Cable
lower spring consists of 10 turns of 20-mm diameter wire
The cable is a catenary if the loading is uniformly
on a mean radius of 75 mm. If the maximum shearing
distributed long the length and the span to sag ratio is
stress in either spring must not exceed 200 MPa, compute
lesser than or equal to 10
the maximum value of P and the total elongation of the
assembly. Use G=83 GPa. Compute the equivalent spring
constant by dividing the load by the total elongation.

Symmetric Catenary Cable

𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔

𝑇𝑇 = 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
Solution
𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝑳𝑳𝑳𝑳𝑳𝑳𝑳𝑳𝑳𝑳𝑳𝑳 𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷
16𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 4𝑚𝑚 − 1 0.615
𝜏𝜏𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = � + � 𝐻𝐻 = 𝑤𝑤𝑐𝑐
𝜋𝜋𝑑𝑑 3 4𝑚𝑚 − 4 𝑚𝑚
Half Length of the Cable
For spring 1
16𝑃𝑃(100) 4(8) − 1 0.615 𝑆𝑆 2 = 𝑦𝑦 2 − 𝑐𝑐 2
200 = � + �
𝜋𝜋(25)3 4(8) − 4 8 𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩 𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝒓𝒓𝒕𝒕
𝑃𝑃 = 5189.29 N 𝐿𝐿 = 2𝑥𝑥
For spring 2 𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵:
16𝑃𝑃(100) 4(7.5) − 1 0.615 𝑥𝑥
200 = � + � 𝑌𝑌 = 𝑐𝑐 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐ℎ � �
𝜋𝜋(20)3 4(7.5) − 4 7.5 𝑐𝑐
𝑥𝑥
𝑃𝑃 = 3498.28 N 𝑆𝑆 = 𝑐𝑐 sin ℎ � �
𝑐𝑐
𝑼𝑼𝑼𝑼𝑼𝑼 𝑷𝑷 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝐍𝐍 𝑆𝑆 + 𝑦𝑦
𝑥𝑥 = 𝑐𝑐 ln � �
Total Elongation 𝑐𝑐
Unsymmetrical Catenary Cable
𝛿𝛿 = 𝛿𝛿1 + 𝛿𝛿2
𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺
64𝑃𝑃𝑅𝑅3 𝑛𝑛 64𝑃𝑃𝑅𝑅3 𝑛𝑛
𝛿𝛿 = � � + � � 𝑇𝑇1 = 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤1
𝐺𝐺𝑑𝑑 4 1 𝐺𝐺𝑑𝑑 4 2
𝑇𝑇2 = 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤2
64(3498.28)(100)3 12 64(3498.28)(75)3 12
𝛿𝛿 = + Length of the Cable
83 000 (25)4 83 000 (20)4

𝛿𝛿 = 153.99 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑆𝑆1 2 = 𝑦𝑦1 2 − 𝑐𝑐 2

Equivalent spring constant, k equivalent 𝑆𝑆2 2 = 𝑦𝑦2 2 − +𝑐𝑐 2

𝑃𝑃 3498.28 𝑆𝑆𝑇𝑇 = 𝑆𝑆1 + 𝑆𝑆2
k equivalent = =
𝛿𝛿 153.99
Problem 29
𝑵𝑵
𝐤𝐤 𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞𝐞 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 A cable weighing 0.4 pound per foot and 800 ft long is to
𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎
be suspended with sag of 80 ft. Determine the Maximum
Tension of the cable.
Solution 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 225 − 200 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒎𝒎
𝑇𝑇 = 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
𝑇𝑇 = 0.4(80 + 𝑐𝑐) b. Find the distance of the lowest point from the
ground
𝑦𝑦 2 = 𝑆𝑆 2 + 𝑐𝑐 2
(80 + 𝑐𝑐 )2 = (400)2
+ 𝑐𝑐 2
𝑐𝑐 = 960 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑇𝑇 = 0.4(80 + 960)
𝑻𝑻 = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌
Problem 30
A transmission cable 600 m long weighing 1.5 kg/ m has
a tension of 750 kg at end of each end. Find the distance 𝑦𝑦1 2 = 𝑆𝑆1 2 + 𝑐𝑐 2
between the supporting towers. (225)2 = 𝑆𝑆1 2 + 𝑐𝑐 2 → 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 1
(200)2 = 𝑆𝑆2 2 + 𝑐𝑐 2 → 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 2
Solution
(225)2 − (200)2 = 𝑆𝑆1 2 − 𝑆𝑆2 2
𝑇𝑇 = 𝑤𝑤𝑦𝑦 𝑆𝑆1 + 𝑆𝑆2 = 300
𝑆𝑆1 = 167.71 𝑚𝑚
750=1.5 y 𝑆𝑆2 = 132.39 𝑚𝑚
(200)2 = (132.29)2 + 𝑐𝑐 2
Y=500 m
𝒄𝒄 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒎𝒎
𝑦𝑦 2 = 𝑆𝑆 2 + 𝑐𝑐 2
(500)2 = (300)2 + 𝑐𝑐 2

𝑐𝑐 = 400 𝑚𝑚
𝑆𝑆 + 𝑦𝑦
𝑥𝑥 = 𝑐𝑐 ln
𝑐𝑐
300 + 500
𝑥𝑥 = 400 ln
400
𝑥𝑥 = 277.258 𝑚𝑚
𝐿𝐿 = 2𝑥𝑥
𝐿𝐿 = 2(277.258)
𝑳𝑳 = 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 𝒎𝒎
Problem 31
A transmission cable 300 m long, weighs 600 kg. The
tensions at the ends of the cable are 400 kg and 450 kg.
a. Find the difference in height of each cables ends
b. Find the distance of the lowest point from the
ground
Solution
a. Find the difference in height of each cables ends
𝑊𝑊 = 600/300
𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝑊𝑊 = 2
𝑚𝑚
𝑇𝑇1 = 𝑤𝑤𝑦𝑦1
450 = 2𝑦𝑦1