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Network Software Architecture and Its Layers and Protocols

The document discusses network software architecture and its layers and protocols. It covers: 1) Protocol hierarchies which involve layers, protocols, and interfaces that allow communication between peers on different machines. A set of protocols used by a system is called a protocol stack. 2) Design issues for layers including addressing, error control, flow control, routing, quality of service, reliability, and security. 3) Connection-oriented services which involve dedicated circuits and reliability versus connectionless services which are modeled on the postal system and do not guarantee delivery.

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Sotaru Gojo
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48 views13 pages

Network Software Architecture and Its Layers and Protocols

The document discusses network software architecture and its layers and protocols. It covers: 1) Protocol hierarchies which involve layers, protocols, and interfaces that allow communication between peers on different machines. A set of protocols used by a system is called a protocol stack. 2) Design issues for layers including addressing, error control, flow control, routing, quality of service, reliability, and security. 3) Connection-oriented services which involve dedicated circuits and reliability versus connectionless services which are modeled on the postal system and do not guarantee delivery.

Uploaded by

Sotaru Gojo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Network

Software Architecture and its


Layers and Protocols
CSE306
Network Software
• Protocol Hierarchies
• Design Issues for the Layers
• Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Services
• Service Primitives
• The Relationship of Services to Protocols
Network Software
Protocol Hierarchies

• Layers, protocols, and interfaces- Network Architecture


• A protocol is an agreement between the communicating parties
on how communication is to proceed.

• The entities comprising the corresponding layers on different


machines are called peers. The peers may be software processes,
hardware devices, or even human beings. In other words, it is the
peers that communicate by using the protocol to talk to each other.

• A list of the protocols used by a certain system, one protocol per


layer, is called a protocol stack.
Protocol Hierarchies (2)
• The philosopher-translator-secretary architecture.
Protocol Hierarchies (3)
• Example information flow supporting virtual
communication in layer 5.
Design Issues for the Layers

• Addressing or naming
• Error Control
• Flow Control---Congestion
• Statistical Multiplexing
• Routing
• Scalable
• QoS---real time
• Reliability
• Security
Connection-Oriented and Connectionless
Services
• A circuit is another name for a connection with associated
resources, such as a fixed bandwidth.
• This dates from the telephone network in which a circuit was a
path over copper wire that carried a phone conversation.
• In contrast to connection-oriented service, connectionless service
is modeled after the postal system.
• Each message (letter) carries the full destination address, and each
one is routed through the intermediate nodes inside the system
independent of all the subsequent messages.
• Store or forward switching
• Cut through switching
• Each kind of service can further be characterized by its reliability. Some
services are reliable in the sense that they never lose data.

• Usually, a reliable service is implemented by having the receiver


acknowledge the receipt of each message so the sender is sure that it arrived.

• Reliable connection-oriented service has two minor variations: message


sequences and byte streams.

• The acknowledgement process introduces overhead and delays, which are


often worth it but are sometimes undesirable.

• One such application is digitized voice traffic for voice over IP.

• Unreliable (meaning not acknowledged) connectionless service is often


called datagram service.
Connection-Oriented and Connectionless
Services
• Six different types of service.
Service Primitives

• Five service primitives for implementing a simple


connection-oriented service.
Service Primitives (2)

• Packets sent in a simple client-server interaction


on a connection-oriented network.
Services to Protocols Relationship
• The relationship between a service and a protocol.

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