The Impact of Population Growth on Economic Development of Barangay Purisima,

Tago, Surigao del Sur

 Chapter 1

The Problem and its Settings

Introduction

One of the biggest problems with the world today is our rapidly growing global

population. According to United Nations 2022, the world's population would increase to almost

9.8 billion people by the year 2050 from its current 7.96 billion inhabitants. Population

explosion is considered one of the undisputable alarming adversity that stand on the path of

the developing countries. The Philippines is one of these "developing countries," and as we

all know, our nation's population is continuing to expand. With 113.80 million people, the

Philippines has a fast-faced population expansion and a rapid urbanization development,

which highlight some of the biggest demographic issues in the country. This situation is

difficult to bear since it seriously impacts both the social and economic conditions of our

nation. This issue makes it more challenging for people in lower-income and lower-middle

income brackets to afford the rise in public spending per capita that is required to end poverty,

abolish hunger and malnutrition, and provide universal access to health care, education, and

other important services. In this study, the adverse consequences of population expansion on

economic development are investigated in connection to how they have affected the general

well-being and performance of the residents of Barangay Purisima.

According to the study by Tekilu Tadesse (2020), population is an advantage rather

than a liability for the nation, and as a result, a well planned and productive population

advance coupled with well-managed macro variables would sustain the expansion of the

country's economy. Therefore, a carefully considered population growth strategy along with

adjustments to institutional and economic policy that are efficient and successful may be
advantageous. The government shoul d take action to maintain the current economic

expansion, which has been expanding faster than population increase. By doing this, it will be

possible to meet the expanding demand for products and services brought on by population

expansion. The economic benefits of having a larger, healthier, and more educated workforce

depend on their ability to find employment. Due to this, a country may be able to benefit from

its demographic shift if its economies are open, its labor force is adaptable, and its institutions

are modern and able to win the trust of both the populace and the market.

As mentioned above, this study will bw focused mainly on the impacts of population

growth on development economics to the residents of Barangay Purisima, Tago in terms of

aspects such as household characteristics, housing condition and community

competitiveness. This study, have looked at the effects of population growth and find ways on

how to overcome and raise awareness about the challenges faced by the community.

The findings of this study will give impact to the other locality within the Tago

municipality in which they will be knowledgeable on the impacts of population growth on

development economics in the areas of household characteristics, housing conditions and

community competence and they can develop alternatives for each relevant community. This

will have an effect on future researchers as well, guiding them in terms of how to respond and

what strategies they may use to enhance the living conditions of the community.

Theoretical Framework

This study sought to determine the impacts of population growth on development

economics in Barangay Purisima, Tago, Surigao del Sur. Thus, this study was anchored on

the following theories.

Thomas Robert Malthus (1798) published his essay on the Principle of Popultion. It

proved to be the fundamental argument that population growth will collide with diminishing
returns. One of the most prominent theory of population growth is that of Malthus, which

states that population growth contribute negatively to per capita income and deteriorates

human development index. According to Malthusian theory, three factors would control human

population that exceeded the earth's carrying capacity, or how many people can live in a

given area considering the amount of available resources. As the population continued to

grow unchecked, the number of people would eventuall outstrip the ability of the land to

generate enough food. A point at which the world is no longer able to meet the food

requirements of the population, and starvation becomes the primary check to population

growth. Malthus's prediction of a world in which production would be barely suffieient eo keep

people aive has proven incorrect because of gains generated by increased physical and

human capital, advances in technology, and the tendency of higherincome to slow population

growth.

Cornucopian Theory, on the other hand is the idea that as long as science and

technology continue to advance, progress and provision of material items for mankind can be

meet similarly to the growth because these new advances create new resources. The

Cornucopians are those who believe that advances in technology can take care of society’s

needs. An increase in population is viewed positively because with more population comes

more brains to generate ideas. These ideas develop technology in the form of modern

gadgets, procedures, systems, among others, that help address the problems associated with

human sustenance and improve people’s quality of life. People became more specialized in

their work, thus becoming more efficient and more able to respond to problems in human

affairs. There is so much reliance on technology as the human population grows. The

Cornucopian viewpoint states that increases in population (demand) lead to technological

innovation and substitution. This in turn leads to an increase in access to and decline in

relative price of materials (Simon, 1988). Almost all indicators of human well-being have
increased, but there is some recognition of the negative consequences on the environment.

Moreover, this study is also supported by Ester Boserup's theory which challenges

Malthusian theory of growth of primitive agriculture as formalized in a continuous time

framework that permits investigation of the long-run properties of such a closed economy.

She thinks that the population is a resource in and of itself. Humans have the ability and

knowledge to address resource scarcity by developing innovative methods of resource

extraction and production. New methods of food production, such as fertilisers, food

technology, genetically modified crops, and new techniques for finding oil reserves, all support

this viewpoint. The Earth’s carrying capacity is increased as a result of this (even though

points of crisis may be encountered on the way). According to Boserup, population expansion

is independent of food availability, and population growth is a cause of agricultural changes.

The interrelationships between population change and economic development, as well as

between population increase and food supply, have been extensively studied.

Conceptual Framework

This study was guided with the concept that directs the flow of the processes involved.

The diagram below contains the overall concept employed in this study. It contains the boxes

and interconnectedness of the boxes ti the variables utulized in the study. The first box

contains the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex, civil status, highest

educational attainment, status of employment and monthly income. Th second box on the

other hand shows the main objective of this study, which is to determine the impacts of

population growth encountered by the residents it terms of household characteristics, housing

conditions and community competitiveness.

 The Impacts of Population
Adaptation to Change:
Growth regarding on the
Demographic Profile of the Tackling the Challenges on
Development Economics Development Economics
Respondents
in the community.

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of the Study

Statement of the Problem

This study is designed to explore the impacts brought by the growth population to the

development economics of Barangay Purisima. Specifically, it sought to answer the following

questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of;

1.1 Age

1.2 Sex

1.3 Civil Status

1.4 Highest Educational Attainment

1.5 Status of Employment

1.6 Monthly Income

2. What is the impact of growth population on development economics in terms of;

2.1 Household Characteristics

2.1.1 Family Size

2.1.2 Number of employed/overseas person

2.1.3 Household Income

2.2 Housing Conditions

2.2.1 Housing Status and Type

2.2.2 Main Source of Water and Lightning

2.3 Community Competitiveness

2.3.1 Job/Occupation available for the residents

 2.3.2 Downtown Features

3. Is there a significant relationship between the demographic profile of the respondents

and the impacts of growth population on the development economics in terms of

household characteristics, housing conditions and community competitiveness?

4. What interventions can be proposed based on the findings of the study?

Scope and Limitation of the Study

The research study concentrated primarily on the effects of population increase on the

development of economics in terms of household characteristics, housing amenities, and

community competency in Barangay Purisima, Tago, Surigao del Sur. In this research, the

researchers are going to concentrate along with 45 residents around the barangay as

respondents. It was conducted on 2 nd semester or A.Y. 2021-2022 at Barangay Purisima,

Tago, Surigao del Sur.

Significance of the Study

The study is signiificant to the following individuals and groups.

Future Researchers. The research may serve as their reference in conceptualizing

future researches related to the aspects and impacts of population growth on the

development economics.

The General Public. The result of this study will be an eye opener for the public to

raise attention to any challenges they may face in the community so they can be considered

by the LGU or any office concerned.

Local Government Unit. Most importantly, this study would give awareness to the

LGU what the majority of the residents presiding in the local community feels about the

impacts of population growth to the development economics. This can also serve as an
inspiration or ideas for an imeediate response in their respective localities.

Definition of Terms

To better understand the study, the following terms are defined:

Population Growth. An increase in the number of working population who can

function as active participants in the process of economic growth and development.

(economicsdiscussion.net)

Development Economics. A branch of economics that focuses on improving fiscal,

economic, and social conditions in developing countries. (investopedia.com)

Employment. the state of having a job or being employed. the fact of someone being

paid to work for a company or organization. (vedantu.com)

GDP. measures the monetary value of final goods and services—that is, those that are

bought by the final user—produced in a country in a given period of time (say a quarter or a

year). It counts all of the output generated within the borders of a country. (imf.org)

Income. a net total of the flow of payments received in a given time period.

(britannica.com)

Occupation. any economic or productive activities which people engage in to create

and produce goods and services in order to make a living. (passnownow.com)

 Chapter II

Literature Review and Studies

This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies which the proponent

gathered from books, internet, and other publication that may support the study. For a larger

perspective and understanding of the study's context, related literature and studies from both

outside and locally were reviewed.

Related Literature

Foreign

Depending on the situation, population growth's effects may be favorable or

unfavorable. Unpredictable population growth is one of the biggest challenges any nation's

economy could encounter. One of the main challenges and constraints that could impede

economic development and growth is population expansion. As economic resources are

frequently insufficient and cannot support the current population, the huge population is seen

as exerting significant pressure on those resources and the services that are offered.

A large population has the potential to be very beneficial for economic growth because

more people equal more work being done, which in turn equals more value (or, in other

words, money being created). However, in nations with scarce resources, that isn't always the

case. The resources that do exist are under pressure from a growing population and limited

resources. More population implies there are more people to feed, more people who need

health care and education services, etc. Thus, population can be a complex issue (David

Wood, 2021).
For living standards to increase and worldwide inequities between industrialized nations with higher

living standards and those where poverty and low standards of living are still prevalent to be reduced,

economic growth in low-income countries is essential (Milanovic, 2016). The evolution of a nation is

complicated by the opposing effects of population increase. Economic development is both sped up and

slowed down by it. It is clearly within the purview of economic development to distribute this

increasing money among the populace.Inequality and poverty are two important aspects of the income

distribution. A constant increase in per capita income as it is currently calculated is unquestionably an

anchor, both conceptually and practically. To refer to a decline in per capita income as economic

development would be strange. Although required, increasing per capita income is unquestionably

insufficient for development, let alone economic progress.

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) of 2000 and the Sustainable Development

Goals (SDGs) of 2015 helped the international community adopt a broader understanding of

development. The eight MDGs were expanded and changed into seventeen SDGs, which

include address inequality, gender inequities, and environmental degradation in addition to

more traditional economic indicators like income growth and income poverty (Kanbur, Patel,

and Stiglitz, 2018).

Local

One of the most vibrant economies in the East Asia Pacific region has been that of the

Philippines. Philippines population growth is accelerating relative to other nations in the

region. The average yearly growth rate grew from 4.5 percent between 2000 and 2009 to 6.4

percent between 2010 and 2019. The rate of natural increase, or the difference between the

birth and death rates, is 2.2 percent, as opposed to 0.8 percent in Thailand, Singapore, and

Malaysia. Barry Mirkin (2015) claims that while the economic front has seen considerable

development, the demographic environment has not. By 2050, the country's 102 million
population, which has nearly tripled since 1970, is anticipated to reach 157 million.

The Philippines' economic vitality is built on strong consumer demand supported by a

vibrant labor market and significant remittances. With increasing urbanization, a growing

middle class, and a sizable and young population, the Philippines is a country with many

advantages. In addition to escaping to major commercial hubs, lots of people depart the

nation in search of employment. The Philippines is the second-largest exporter of labor after

Mexico, with an average of 2,500 citizens leaving each day for employment overseas. Nearly

8 million individuals, or 10% of the total population, reside outside the nation. Approximately

182 nations have Filipino employees, according to POPCOM. Business activity is brisk, with

substantial growth in the services sector, which includes the real estate, travel, banking, and

insurance industries. A decrease in poverty rates and the Gini coefficient show that the

Philippine economy has improved in generating equitable growth. While the Gini coefficient

decreased from 44.9 to 42.7 over the same time period, poverty decreased from 23.3 percent

in 2015 to 16.6 percent in 2018. (World Bank Group 2022).

The absence of jobs in the nation is also explained by the inability to maintain a high

rate of economic growth. People will not be able to make an income without work prospects,

making them susceptible to poverty. From 1997 to 2008, the Philippines' population of people

of working age increased by 2.6 percent yearly. Due to the Philippine economy's boom-and-

bust cycles over the past three decades and its recent record of relatively moderate economic

development, employment possibilities have not kept up with this rise in the work force. In

previous years, agriculture has been neglected. Investor interest in boosting agricultural

production has declined as a result of the absence of specific policies, inadequate

infrastructure, and institutional deficiencies. According to Hasan and Jandoc (2009), the

services sector has absorbed the shift in employment from agriculture while manufacturing,
the industry where the majority of high-quality permanent jobs are created, has seen

employment remain flat.

However, the COVID-19 epidemic and the country's imposed community quarantine

measures have negatively damaged economic growth and the fight against poverty. Growth

decreased sharply in 2020, with the slowdown in tourism and remittances exacerbating the

sharp decreases in consumption and investment growth. Similar to the COVID-19, the prior

trend in real wages has been significantly impeded, with negative effects on poverty reduction

in the Philippines. This trend was projected to have a favorable influence on household

incomes, especially those from lower income categories.

Related Studies

Foreign

Given that the world's population has significantly increased over the past 200 years,

population growth has become a crucial topic for policymakers worldwide. Every year, the

number of people increases by roughly 83 million. The UN Department of Economic and

Social Affairs estimates that the world's population will increase from one billion in 1800 to

around 7.5 billion in 2018 and approximately 11 billion by the year 2100 ("World" 2018). Many

countries with significant population growth have low living standards, while many countries

with low population growth have high living standards. Intellectuals have disagreed on this

issue; some have predicted dire repercussions, while others claim that solutions can be

found.

There has been substantial research on the connection between population expansion
and economic output growth (Heady & Hodge, 2009). Many researchers expect that high-

income countries' population growth will decrease significantly in the future years, which will

contribute to the likelihood that economic development in these nations would be relatively

moderate as well (Baker, Delong, & Krugman, 2005). Others contend that population increase

has been and will remain a problem since more people will unavoidably utilize more of the

planet's limited resources, which will lower long-term potential growth (Linden, 2017).

Numerous factors, including migration from abroad, economic inequality, and the size of a

nation's labor force, are impacted by population increase. These elements both influence and

are influenced by overall economic expansion.

Others discover that the impacts are not uniform and depend on a country's level of

development, the source or type of population expansion, or other variables. According to

Heady and Hodge (2009), there is a significant amount of diversity in empirical analyses of

the relationship between population increase and rise in per capita income because of various

methodologies, control variables, and other elements. In addition to the fact that productivity

growth has slowed in high-income nations after 2000, economists seem to generally agree

that this trend is unlikely to reverse itself. Slower GDP growth is attributed, according to Irwin

(2016) and Baker et al. (2005), to the baby boom generation's retirement and workers'

decision to work fewer hours, as well as lower per capita output growth. Similar demographic

shifts are noted by Gordon (2016), who contends that stasis in educational attainment,

inequality, and government debt will mainly counteract the effects of any future technology

advancements.

According to Baker et al. (2005), since returns to capital are correlated with economic

health, low economic growth will result in reduced returns to capital. If this is accurate,

Piketty's inequality issue might at least partially self-correct. In any event, there are at least
two reasons why economic development will be crucial in the twenty-first century. First, if

Piketty's thesis is accurate, weak economic growth may continue to contribute to widening

income and wealth disparities. Second, economic growth in developing nations is essential for

improving living conditions and bridging the gap between those nations and the more affluent

industrialized nations, where poverty and low standards of life are still rampant (Milanovic,

2016). The development of the world population will continue to be a key worldwide concern

because population expansion is crucial to total economic growth.

Local

Continuously high population increase and variable economic performance have

characterized the Philippines' demographic and economic history. In the Philippines,

population growth is primarily caused by the relationship of fertility and death rates.

Emigration and immigration are now insignificant factors in the country's population growth

rate, notwithstanding the lack of data on foreign migration.

The Philippines, one of the nations that endorsed both the 1994 Statement of World

Leaders on Population Stabilization and the 1967 UN Declaration on Population,

acknowledged the population issue as "a principal element in long-range planning if

governments are to achieve their economic goals and fulfill the aspirations of their people"

(Concepcion, 1973). However, the majority of these policies and initiatives focus on family

planning and reproductive health, which indirectly affect population growth (Herrin, 2002). The

1987 Philippine Constitution, which expressly guarantees "the right of couples to form their

family and freely choose the number of their children based on their religious beliefs and the

demands of responsible parenthood," continues to be the basis for population policies and

programs in the Philippines (Osias et al., 2010).

The high and sustained rates of unemployment and underemployment in the Philippines

appear to be a result of the country's high population growth, which also appears to have had

a negative impact on the labor market and the nation's productive potential. Although the

percentage of people over the age of 15 who are reported to be in the labor force has

decreased slightly since 1960 (from 75% to just under 72% in 2001), the number of people

employed in the economy as a whole has increased by more than threefold during this time.

The apparent labor excess in the Philippine economy appears to have been made worse by

the decreased labor absorption that comes with industrialization.

The enormous number of Filipinos who have left or found work abroad may also be a

sign of excess labor in the Philippine economy. In 2004, the Philippines received an estimated

$8.54 billion in remittances from the more than 7.5 million Filipinos who live or work abroad,

or over one-quarter of the nation's entire labor force (Lane, 2004). Remittances are a crucial

source of foreign currency and aid in funding a private safety net for OCWs' families. Due to

population aging in many of the more developed nations, which currently host a significant

number of Filipino OCWs, the availability of employment prospects abroad for Filipino workers

appears to be promising in the future. Despite increased competition from prospective OCWs

from other Asian nations (such as China, Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam), as well as

Philippine workers' restricted access to some markets that have previously been important

markets for Filipino OCWs, this optimistic outlook seems realistic (most notably Hong Kong).

Synthesis

Escalating population size can be detrimental when resources are scarce.

Nevertheless, population growth can essentially lead to positive impacts in economic

development (Simon, 1981).

 Numerous economics books have been written about the intricate relationship between

population increase and economic development since the field's inception. Malthus (1793)

developed the Malthusian economics tradition, which has recently gained traction in the works

of environmentalists. Malthus postulated that populations will tend to rise to the capacity of

the economy to maintain human life (e.g., Lester Brown or Garret Hardin). A lot of economic

theory about population and growth is based on Solow's (1956) neoclassical growth model.

Simply put, population growth is a major element in determining how quickly an economy

collects resources or productive factors. The rate at which capital per worker can increase is

constrained by more rapid labor force growth. According to the Solow model, other important

variables that affect an economy's growth rate and level include rates of savings and

investment as well as the technological efficiency of factor utilization. The region's strong

economic growth since the 1960s can be explained by the region's rapid capital

accumulation, which was facilitated by the slower population growth observed in many East

and Southeast Asian economies.

The demographic transition, which saw a drop in population growth, had a significant

impact on output per capita due to its impact on savings, which amplified the direct impact of

slower labor force growth. The Philippines is still having trouble coming up with practical

solutions to control its population expansion. Empirical research connects population growth

with poverty, highlighting chronically high fertility rates as a major impediment to poverty

reduction (Orbeta, 2002). It is stated that the Philippine government's inability to

institutionalize population programs is mostly attributable to contradictions in written

regulations that become clear upon careful scrutiny (Herrin, 2002).

 Chapter III

Research Methodology

This chapter shows the method and procedure that the researchers used as their guide

in conducting this study. It describes the research design, the research instrument,

respondents of the study, data gathering procedure, and statistical treatment.

Research Design

The researchers used a quantitative correlational research design. The researchers

used the survey method in gathering data. The researchers believed that it is the appropriate

applied method because it involves finding the needed facts and data. This method is used by

the researchers in finding out the impact of population growth to the development economics

of the residents in terms of household attributes, housing conditions and community

competence in Barangay Purisima.

Research Locale

This study was restricted to Barangay Purisima in Tago, Surigao del Sur, which is the

biggest barangay in the municipality of Tago and shares a boundary with Barangay Victoria in

the same location. Because it was the researchers' hometown and there were precautions to

limit face-to-face contact to prevent the COVID-19 infection, Barangay Purisima was chosen

as the study region.

 Figure 1. Map Location of Barangay Purisima, Tago, Surigao del Sur

Research Respondents

The researchers used the universal sampling method in choosing the respondents in

every residents who are living in Barangay Purisima, Tago, Surigao del Sur. Researcher

chooses 5 respondents per purok of the said barangay for a total of 45 respondents.

Table 1. Distribution of Respondents

Number of Respondents per

Purok Purok

Purok Avocado Evergreen 5

Purok Avocado Maroon 5

Purok Citrus 1 5

Purok Citrus 2 5

Purok Calamansi 5

Purog Grapes 5

Purok Mangga 1 5

Purok Mangga 2 5

Purok Tambis 5

Total 45
Research Instruments

For the purpose of developing a strong recommendation, the researchers used

quantitative survey questionnaires to collect data. The checklist questionnaire will go through

a process of validation, and once it had been validated, it was used and disseminated in order

to collect the facts and other data required to address the problem stated in the questionnaire.

The respondents' demographic profile is the first section. The respondents will receive

questionnaires to help establish their age, sex, civil status, highest educational attainment,

employment status, and monthly income. The second section examines how population

increase has affected citizens' ability to prosper economically in terms of their household

composition, housing quality, and community competitiveness. The 5-Point Likert Scale was

used to measure the responses of the respondents in order to show how satisfied or

dissatisfied each of the indicators presented in the questionnaire made the respondents in

this study.

Data Gathering Procedure

In order to obtain permission to carry out the aforementioned study, the researchers

will write to the barangay captain of Purisima in order to collect data. The researchers will

present the letter to the respondents and explain the goal of the study once permission has

been granted.

The researcher will distribute the questionnaire to the respondents and provide

accurate instructions to get the data that researchers desire. After the study is completed, the

researchers will interpret and analyze the data collected from the respondents. Researchers

will present their findings, conclusions, and recommendations.

Statistical Treatment

Upon retrieval of the questionnaires, the data will be tally, analyze and interpreted. The

data of each sub-problem stated in Chapter 1 will be treated using the following statistical

tools;

Frequency and Percentage Distributon. To determine the profile of the respondents

in terms of age, sex, civil status, highest educational attainment, status of employment and

monthly income. This describes the profile of the respondents. Frequencies are converted

into percentages.

Weighted Mean. To determine the impact of population growth to the development

economics of the residents in household aspects and community competence, this treatment

is helpful in this study.

Pearson (r) Moment Correlation. To evaluate the significance relationship between

the profile of the respondents to the impact of population growth in terms of household

characteristics and community competitiveness.

Reference Cited

https://countrymeters.info/en/Philippines#age_structure

https://study.com/academy/lesson/factors-that-affect-economic-development-

population-conflict-geography-the-environment.html

https://www.prb.org/resources/rapid-population-growth-crowded-cities-present-

challenges-in-the-philippines/

https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/philippines/overview

https://www.passblue.com/2015/05/12/the-philippines-population-boom-will-hurt-its-

economic-boom/

https://nap.nationalacademies.org/read/18817/chapter/3

https://simplyeducate.me/2012/12/03/population-growth/
 Survey Questionnaire

As partial requirement, we the third year Economics students of the College of Arts and
Sciences of North Eastern Mindanao State University – Main Campus is currently conducting
a study entitled: “The Impact of Population Growth on Economic Development of
Barangay Purisima, Tago, Surigao del Sur”.
In view to this, we would like to ask your for your cooperation to fill-in the necessary
information in this questionnaire. Rest assured those whatever responses you will disclose
will be treated with out most confidentially.
Thank you and God speed,
Researchers

Part I. Profile of the Respondents

Direction: Put a check (/) in the box that corresponds your answer.

Name (Optional): _______________

Sex: ( ) Male ( ) Female
Age: ( ) 0-15 ( ) 16-30 ( ) 31-45
( ) 46-60 ( ) 61 and above
Civil Status: ( ) Single ( ) Married ( ) Living with partner
( ) Divorced ( ) Widowed ( ) Separated
Highest Educational Attainment:
( ) No Grade Completed ( ) Elementary Attended
( ) Elementary Graduate ( ) High School Attended
( ) High School Graduate ( ) College Attended
( ) College Graduate ( ) Post Graduate
Status of Employment:
( ) Full-time ( ) Part-time ( ) Self-employed
( ) Unemployed ( ) Retired ( ) Stay at home parent

Monthly Income: ( ) less than 5,000 ( ) 5,001 – 10,000 ( ) 10,001 – 20,000

( ) 20,001 – 30,000 ( ) 30,001 – 40,000 ( ) 40,001 up
Part II. Impact of Population Growth on Development Economics
Direction: Please put a check (/) in the box that corresponds your answer.

Household Characteristics
1. How many people, including yourself, live in your household?
() 2 ()3–4 ()5–6 ( ) 7 above
2. How many people, including yourself, are employed?
()1–2 ()3–4 ()5–6 ( ) 7 above
for oversear worker, please indicate: _________________
3. Household Income
( ) under 40,000 ( ) 40,000 – 59,999 ( ) 60,000 – 99,999
( ) 100,000 – 249,999 ( ) 250,000 and over

Housing Conditions
1. Housing Status
( ) Homeowner ( ) Renter ( ) Others
( ) Living with others w/out paying rent or mortgage
( ) Living with others, paying rent or mortgage
2. Housing Type
( ) Single-family homes ( ) Terraced house
( ) Bungalow ( ) Apartment
3. Main Source of Wate
( ) Private pipeline ( ) Pitcher Pump ( ) Public taps
( ) Protected well/spring ( ) Vendor/tanker truck ( ) Rain water
4. Main Source of Lightning in Dwelling
( ) Electricity ( ) Kerosene/gas lantern ( ) Solar

Community Competitiveness
1. Job/Occupation
( ) Farmer – crops ( ) Farmer - livestock ( ) Fishers
( ) Laborers ( ) Service workers ( ) Teacher
( ) Administrative or Legal ( ) Healthcare ( ) Others, specify
 2. Downtown Features

Please rate the quality of the following item in the area. Kindly CIRCLE THE ANSWER.

Not existing Poor Satisfactory Good Excellent

1. Access Roads 1 2 3 4 5

2. Bridges 1 2 3 4 5

3. Public Transportation 1 2 3 4 5

4. Market 1 2 3 4 5

5. Healthcare Facilities 1 2 3 4 5

6. Preschool/Kindergartens 1 2 3 4 5

7. Primary/Secondary Schools 1 2 3 4 5

8. Pharmacy 1 2 3 4 5

9. Mall 1 2 3 4 5

10. Bank 1 2 3 4 5

11. Public Library or Post Office 1 2 3 4 5

12. Food Establishments 1 2 3 4 5

(restaurant, bakery, coffee
shop, bar)

13. Factory 1 2 3 4 5

14. Laundry/Dry Cleaner 1 2 3 4 5

15. Indoor/Outdoor Fitness 1 2 3 4 5

Facility