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Chemical Reactions, Physical Science
Calculating the Amount of Reactants and Products in a Chemical Reaction

 Lesson6 chapters
 Questions

Objective
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to calculate the amount of reactants and products in a chemical
reaction.

Stoichiometry is the study of the quantitative relationships between the amounts of reactants used and amounts of
products formed in a chemical reaction.

Consider the formation of water from the reaction between H2 and O2.

2H2+O2→2H2O

How many moles of water can be formed from two moles of hydrogen gas?

Learn about it!

Mole Ratios

The coefficients in a balanced chemical equation indicate the relationships between the moles of reactants and
products. They are used to express the mole ratios. Mole ratios are ratios between the moles of any two
substances in a balanced chemical equation. For example, water forms from molecular hydrogen and oxygen as
presented by the equation below.

2H2+O2→2H2O
What mole ratios can be written for this reaction?

Two moles of hydrogen react with one mole of oxygen.

2molesH2/1moleO2
Two moles of hydrogen produce two moles of water.

2molesH2/2molesH2O
One mole of oxygen produces two moles of water.

1moleO2/2molesH2O
You can then use the knowledge about mole ratios to calculate the amounts of reactants or products in a chemical
reaction.

Learn about it!

Mole-to-Mole Stoichiometry

Suppose you know the number of moles of reactants. You then want to know how many moles of products will be
formed in the reaction.

Sample Problem:

If 1 mole H2 is used up in the reaction, how many moles of H2O will be formed?

How to Do
To solve the problem:

Step 1: Determine the mole ratio between H2 and H2O.

2molesH2/2molesH2O
Step 2: Assign a variable to the unknown.

Let x= moles of H2O formed from 1 mole H2.

Step 3: Set up the proportion.

2molesH2/2molesH2O=1moleH2x
Step 4: Rearrange the equation to get an expression to solve for x.
x=(2molesH2O)(1moleH2)(2molesH2)
Step 5: Solve for x.
Solving for x, you get 1 mole H2O. This means that you will produce 1 mole H2O if you have 1 mole H2.
x=1moleH2O

Learn about it!

Mass-to-Mass Stoichiometry

In laboratory experiments, you do not measure the moles of the reactants. Instead, you measure their masses. But
how do you convert number of moles into mass? In converting mass to moles, or vice-versa, you can use the
equation below.

moles=massmolarmas
Given the mass of one reactant, you can calculate the required mass of the other reactant.

Sample Problem 2:

How many grams of O2 is needed to react with 1.00 g H2?

How to Do
The solution to this problem is similar to the previous one, but additional steps are needed.

Step 1: Determine the mole ratio between H2 and O2.

2molesH21moleO2
Step 2: Convert the given mass of H2 to moles H2.
molesH2=massofH2molarmassofH2
molesH2=1.00gH22.016g/mol
molesH2=0.496mol
Step 3: Assign a variable to the unknown.

Let x= moles of O2 that reacts with 0.496 mole H2.

Step 4: Set up the proportion.

2molesH21moleO2=0.496molesH2x
Step 5: Rearrange the equation to get an expression to solve for x.
x=0.496molesH2(1molesO2)(2molesH2)
Step 6: Solve for x.
Solving for x, you get 0.248 mole O2.
x=0.248mol
Step 7: Convert the calculated moles O2 to mass O2.
massofO2=(molesO2)(molarmassO2)
massofO2=(0.248mol)(32gmol)
massofO2=7.94g
Therefore, you need 7.94 g O2 to react with 1.00 g H2.

Try it!
Ammonia is produced from the reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen.

N2+3H2→2NH3
How many grams of N2 and H2 is needed to produce 10.0 g NH3?
Use the following molar masses: N2=28gmol, NH3=17gmol, and H2=2gmol.

Try it! Solution

Step 1: Determine the mole ratio between the reactants and the product.

3molesH22molesNH3
1moleN22molesNH3
These ratios are based on the balanced chemical equation.

Step 2: Convert the given mass of product to moles.

molesNH3=massofNH3molarmassofNH3
molesNH3=10.0gNH317g/mol
molesNH3=0.588molNH3
Step 3: Assign variables to the unknown quantities. You may use more than one variable.

Let x= moles H2 needed to form 0.588 mole NH3.

Let y= moles N2 needed to form 0.588 mole NH3.
Step 4: Set up the necessary proportions.

3molesH22molesNH3=x0.588moleNH3
1moleN22molesNH3=y0.588moleNH3
Step 5: Rearrange the equation to get an expression to solve for the variables.

x=(3molesH2)(0.588moleNH3)2molesNH3
y=(1moleN2)(0.588moleNH3)2molesNH3
Step 6: Solve the unknowns.

x=0.882molH2
y=0.291molN2
Step 7: Convert the calculated moles to grams.

massH2=(0.882molH2)(2gmol)
massH2=1.76gH2
massN2=(0.291molN2)(28gmol)
massN2=8.15gN2

What do you think?

Do all experiments yield the calculated amount of product? Why or why not?

Key Points
 Stoichiometry is the study of the quantitative relationships between the amounts of reactants used and
amounts of products formed in a chemical reaction.
 Mole ratios are ratios between the moles of any two substances in a balanced chemical equation.
 You can then use the knowledge about mole ratios to calculate the amounts of reactants or products in a
chemical reaction.
 Q1

 Single Answer
 Question
 Refer to the reaction below.
 CH4+2Cl2→CH2Cl2+2HCl
 Which of the following is the correct mole relationship between CH4 and HCl?
 Correct answer
 1moleCH41moleHCl
 2molesCH41moleHCl
 2molesCH42molesHCl
 1moleCH42molesHCl
 Explanation
 According to the reaction equation, for every 1 mole CH4 used, 2 moles of HCl are formed. Hence, there is a 1:2 mole
relationship between the two reactants.
 Report errors
 Q2

 Single Answer
 Question
 Refer to the reaction below.
 CH4+2Cl2→CH2Cl2+2HCl
 How many moles CH2Cl2 will be produced if two moles Cl2 are completely used up in the reaction?
 Correct answer
 4 moles
 2 moles
 1 mole
 0.5 mole
 Explanation
 According to the reaction equation, for every 2 moles Cl2 used, 1 mole CH2Cl2 is formed.
 Report errors
 Q3

 Single Answer
 Question
 Refer to the reaction below.
 CH4+2Cl2→CH2Cl2+2HCl
 How many moles Cl2 is needed to react completely with 1 mole CH4 ?
 Correct answer
 0.50 mole
 1 mole
 2 moles
 4 moles
 Explanation
 According to the reaction equation, for every 1 mole CH4 used, 2 moles of Cl2 are needed.
 Report errors
 Q4
 Single Answer
 Question
 Refer to the reaction below.
 2Na3PO4+Al2(SO4)3→2AlPO4+3Na2SO4
 How many moles of Na3PO4 is needed to completely react with 2 moles Al2(SO4)3?
 Correct answer
 0.25 mole
 1 mole
 2 moles
 4 moles
 Explanation
 Let x= number of moles of Na3PO4 that will react with 2 moles Al2(SO4)3.
 2molesNa3PO41moleAl2(SO4)3=x2molesAl2(SO4)3
 Solving for x,
 x=4molesNa3PO4
 Report errors
 Q5

 Single Answer
 Question
 Refer to the reaction below.
 2Na3PO4+Al2(SO4)3→2AlPO4+3Na2SO4
 How many moles of Na2SO4 is formed when 1 mole of AlPO4 is formed?
 Correct answer
 1 mole
 1.5 moles
 2 moles
 3 moles
 Explanation
 Let x= number of moles of Na2SO4 that will formed from 1 mole of AlPO4.
 3molesNa2SO42molesAlPO4=x1moleAlPO4
 Solving for x,
 x=1.5molesNa2SO4.
 Q6

 Single Answer
 Question
 Refer to the reaction below.
 2Na3PO4+Al2(SO4)3→2AlPO4+3Na2SO4
 How many moles of Al2(SO4)3 is needed to form 1 mole Na2SO4?
 Correct answer
 0.33 mole
 1 mole
 1.5 moles
 3 moles
 Explanation
 Let x= number of moles of AlPO4 that is formed from 10 moles of mole of Na2SO4.
 3molesNa2SO41moleAl2(SO4)3=1moleNa2SO4x
 Solving for x,
 x=0.33moleAl2(PO4)3.
 Report errors
 Q7

 Single Answer
 Question
 Refer to the reaction below.
 2Na3PO4+Al2(SO4)3→2AlPO4+3Na2SO4
 How many moles of AlPO4 is formed when 10 moles Na3PO4 is used?
 Correct answer
 10 moles
 5 moles
 2 moles
 1 mole
 Explanation
 Let x= moles of AlPO4 formed when 10 moles Na3PO4 is used.
 2molesNa3PO42molesAlPO4=10molesNa3PO4x
 Solving for x,
 x=10moleAlPO4.
 Q8

 Single Answer
 Question
 Refer to the reaction below.
 C6H6O+7O2→6CO2+3H2O
 How many grams of CO2 is produced when 0.10 mole C6H6O is used in the reaction?
 Use the following molar masses: C6H6O=94g/mol, O2=32g/mol, CO2=44g/mol, and H2O=18g/mol.
 Correct answer
 0.60 g
 4.40 g
 26.4 g
 44.0 g
 Explanation
 Let x= moles of CO2 produced when 0.10 mole C6H6O is used in the reaction.
 1moleC6H6O6molesCO2=0.1moleC6H6Ox
 Solve for x.
 x=0.6molesCO2
 Then convert mole to mass.
 massCO2=0.6molCO2(44gmol)=26.4g
 Report errors
 Q9

 Single Answer
 Question
 Refer to the reaction below.
 C6H6O+7O2→6CO2+3H2O
 How many moles of H2O is formed when 30.8 g O2 is used in the reaction?
 Use the following molar masses: C6H6O=94g/mol, O2=32g/mol, CO2=44g/mol, and H2O=18g/mol.
 Correct answer
 0.10 mol
 0.41 mol
 0.70 mol
 2.47 mol
 Explanation
 First, convert the given mass to moles.
 moleO2=30.8g32g/mol=0.96mol
 Let x= moles of H2O formed when 30.8 g O2 is used in the reaction.
 7molesO23molesH2O=0.96moleO2x
 Solve for x.
 x=0.41moleH2O
 Report errors
 Q10

 Single Answer
 Question
 Refer to the reaction below.
 C6H6O+7O2→6CO2+3H2O
 How many grams of C6H6O is used when 270 g H2O is produced?
 Use the following molar masses: C6H6O=94g/mol, O2=32g/mol, CO2=44g/mol, and H2O=18g/mol.
 Correct answer
 15.0 g
 470 g
 1410 g
 4230 g
 Explanation
 First, convert the given mass to moles.
 molesH2O=270g18g/mol=15moles
 Let x= grams of C6H6O used when 270 g H2O is produced.
 3molesH2O1moleC6H6O=15molesH2Ox
 Solve for x.
 x=5molesC6H6O.
 Lastly, convert the given moles to mass.