VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY – HOCHIMINH CITY

INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

Chemical Laboratory – CH012IU

Report Experiment 1: CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Group: ______________ Section: 1 Date: _____1/3/2022_______

Group members:
Seq. Full name Student ID % Signatur Score
contribution e
(total =
100%)
1 Vương Hồng Kim BEBEIU20188
Châu
2 Châu Chấn Thiên ITITIU19213
3 Trần Minh Thắng ITITWE20002
4 Lê Phạm Duy Hoàng CECEIU20030
5

Total score: _______/100

INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY CHEMISTRY LABORATORY CH012IU

 I. INTRODUCTION
Matter can undergo both physical and chemical changes. Chemical changes result in
the formation of new substances called products. In this experiment, you will perform
and observe a number of chemical reactions. You will also learn how to classify the
chemical reactions into five general types.
Objective :
 To perform different types of chemical reactions including acid – base,
precipitation, gas forming, complex compound forming and oxidation –
reduction reactions.
 To identify the products in these reactions and describe the chemical changes.
 To write and balance the chemical equations for the reactions observed.
Materials and Equipment:

 Materials

250ml beakers 2
400ml beakers 1
Test tubes 10
Alcohol Lamp 1
Test Tube Holder 1
Test Tube Brush 1
Test Tube Rack 1

 Equipment

0.5M CuSO4 20 drops

2M NaOH 55 drops
2M NH 4OH 40 drops
0.5M KCl 20 drops
0.1M AgNO3 40 drops
0.5M KBr 20 drops
0.1M KMnO 4 11 drops
2M H 2 SO4 20 drops

INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY CHEMISTRY LABORATORY CH012IU

 3% H 2 O 2 20 drops
0.1M KI 5 drops
MnO2 A pinch
0.5M NaSO4 30 drops
Distilled water 5 drops
2M KOH 10 drops
0.5M FeCl 3 10 drops
0.5M FeSO4 10 drops
0.5M Al2 (SO¿¿ 4)3 ¿ 20 drops
2M HCl 20 drops
LiCl, NaCl, KCl, CaCl 2 and BaCl2

II. EXPERIMENTAL
1. Reactions of Cu2+ :
The purpose of this test is to observe the transformation when adding NaOH and
NH4OH into the CuSO4 tube seperately.
- Step 1: Take 2 tubes of 0.5M CuSO4 ( 10 drops for each tube)
- Step 2: Add 10 drops of 2M NaOH into one 0.5M CuSO4 tube and 10 drops of
2M NH4OH into the other CuSO4 tube. Then, shake each tube gently.
- Step 3: After a few seconds(about 10s), add 10 more drops of 2M NaOH into the
mixture of NaOH and CuSO4. Do the same thing with the mixture of 2M NH 4OH
and CuSO4 ( add 10 more drops of 2M NH4OH). Finally, shake both tubes gently.
2. Reactions of silver halides:
Section 1: Reactions of Potassium Chloride (KCl)
This test shows the changes when adding AgNO3 into KCl and what will happen if
we mix NH4OH into that mixture.
- Step 1: Prepare 2 tubes of 0.5M KCl ( 10 drops in each )
- Step 2: Add 10 drops of 0.1M AgNO3 into each tube.
- Step 3: Take one of the mixture tubes and add 10 drops of 2M NH 4OH into it
( the other one stays the same). Finally, gently shake the two tubes and check the
changes after 2 minutes.
Section 2: Reactions of Potassium Bromide (KBr)
We can see what will happen when we mix KBr with AgNO3 and the changes
after we add NH4OH into that mixture.
- Step 1: Prepare 2 tubes of 0.5M KBr ( 10 drops in each )
- Step 2: Add 10 drops of 0.1M AgNO3 into each tube.
- Step 3: Take one of the mixture tubes and add 10 drops of 2M NH 4OH into it
( the other one stays the same). Finally, gently shake the two tubes and check the
changes after 2 minutes.

INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY CHEMISTRY LABORATORY CH012IU

 3. Reactions of H2O2:
In this experiment, we consider 3 different situations as follows:
1.KMnO4 + H2SO4 + H2O2:
- Step 1: Get 1 drop of 0.1M KMnO4 into a clean tube.
- Step 2: Add 5 drops of 2M H2SO4 then gently shake the tube.
- Step 3: Add 5 drops of 3% H2O2 and shake the mixture gently. Wait after 2
minutes to see the final result.
2.KI + H2SO4 + H2O2:
- Step 1: Get 5 drops of 0.1M KI
- Step 2: Add 5 drops of 2M H2SO4 then gently shake the tube.
- Step 3: Add 5 drops of 3% H2O2 and shake the mixture gently. Wait after 2
minutes to see the final result.
3.H2O2 + MnO2:
- Step 1: Get 10 drops of 3% H2O2 into a clean tube.
- Step 2: Add a pinch of MnO2 into the tube then shake it gently.
- Step 3: Check the mixture after 2 minutes to see the changes.
4. Reactions of KMnO4:
In this experiment, we will test the transformation when get the mixture of Na 2SO3
mixed with KMnO4 .
- Step 1: Get 3 tubes of 10 drops 0.5M Na2SO3 .Number the tubes from 1 to 3.
- Step 2: Add 5 drops of 2M H2SO4 into tube 1, 5 drops of 6M NaOH into tube 2,
5 drops of distilled water into tube 3. Shake the tubes gently after adding.
- Step 3: Add 5 drops of 0.1M KMnO 4 into the mixed tubes ( 5 drops in each
tube ). Then shake all of the tubes carefully to see the final result.
5. Reactions of Fe3+ and Fe2+:
Section 1: Ferric ion ( Fe3+):
This test will show the difference between the FeCl3 + KOH mixture and FeCl3 +
NH4OH mixture.
- Step 1: Prepare 2 tubes of 0.5M FeCl3 ( 10 drops each tube ).
- Step 2: Add 5 drops of 2M KOH into one 0.5M FeCL 3 tube and 5 drops of 2M
NH4OH into the other tube.
- Step 3: Shake both mixture tubes gently and see the transformation.
Section 2: Ferrous ion ( Fe2+ ):
This test compares what happen when add KOH and NH4OH into FeSO4
- Step 1: Take 2 tubes of 10 drops 0.5M FeSO4 in each.
- Step 2: Add 5 drops of 2M KOH into one 0.5M FeSO 4 tube and 5 drops of 2M
NH4OH into the other tube.
- Step 3: Gently shake both of mixed tubes and see the result in each tube.
6. Reactions of Al3+ :
The aim of this experiment is to observe the changes when add HCl into the
mixture of Al2(SO4)3 and NaOH as well as what will happen if we add more NaOH
into it.
- Step 1: Get 2 tubes of 0.5M Al2(SO4)3 ( 10 drops in each tube ).
INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY CHEMISTRY LABORATORY CH012IU
 - Step 2: Add 2M NaOH into the previous tubes ( 5 drops of NaOH in each tube ).
Then, gently shake the tubes.
- Step 3: Add 20 drops of 2M HCl into one mixture of NaOH and Al 2(SO4)3 tube
and 20 drops of 2M NaOH into the other tube. Shake both tubes gently to see the
result.
7. Flame test:
The experiment is proceeded as these following steps:
- Step 1: Take a loop and wash its head with distilled water. Then, keep it in small
fire for a few seconds to rise the heat ( about 3-5s).
- Step 2: Dip the loop into the chemical tubes ( from the previous experiments)
and burn the loop from the 1/3 position of the flame( count from the bottom ).
- Step 3: After record the result, wash the loop with distilled water and heat it up
again in order to dip it into another chemical tube.
* Since the loop needs to be clean so we need to repeat step 3 after finished dip it
into a chemical tubes (There are 5 chemical tubes so step 3 must be repeated 5
times).

III. Results and discussion

1. Reaction of Cu2+

Reaction Observation Chemical Equation

0.5M CuSO4 + CuSO4+2NaOH→Cu(OH)2↓+Na2SO4

2M NaOH

Figure 1

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 0.5M CuSO4+ CuSO4 + 2NH4OH → Cu(OH)2 + (NH4)2SO4
2M N H 4 OH

Figure 2

 Comments:
 Reaction between CuSO4 and NaOH, the solution after the reaction appears a
blue precipitate that is Cu(O H ¿ ¿2 which is show in figure 1.
 Reaction between CuSO4 and N H 4 OH, after the reaction, a dark blue precipitate
was formed which is show in figure 2.
2. Reactions of silver halides
a) Section 1: Reactions of Potassium Chloride (KCl)
Reaction Observation Chemical Equation

0.5M KCL + 0.1M KCl + AgNO3 → KNO3 + AgCl (↓)

AgNO3

Figure 3

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 0.5M KCl+0.1M KCl + AgNO3 + NH4OH → AgCl (↓
AgNO3+2M N H 4 OH )+ KOH + NH4NO3

Figure 4

 Comments:
 The reaction between KCl and AgNO3, a white precipitate was obtained
AgCl, figure 3 shows.
 The reaction between KCl, AgNO3 and N H 4 OH, a white precipitate was
obtained AgCl, figure 4 shows.

b) Section 2: Reactions of Potassium Bromide (KBr)

Reaction Observation Chemical Equation

 

0.5M KBr + 0.1M

AgNO3 KBr + AgNO3 → KNO3 + AgBr (↓)

Figure 5

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 0.5M KBr + 0.1M KBr + AgNO3 + NH4OH → AgBr
AgNO3 +¿ 2M N H 4 (↓) + KOH + NH4NO3
OH

Figure 6

 Comments:
 When KBr is reacted with AgNO 3, we get a light yellow precipitate AgBr
(Figure 5).
 When KBr is reacted with AgNO3 and N H 4 OH, a light yellow precipitate
appeared with a moderate amount of precipitate (figure 6).

3. Reactions of H 2 O 2

Reaction Observation Chemical Equation

KMnO4 + H2SO4 + H2O2 → K2SO4

0.1M KMnO4 + 2M + 2MnSO4 + 8H2O + 5O2 (↑)
H 2SO4 + 3% H 2 O 2

Figure 7

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 0.1M KI + 2M H 2S 2KI +H2SO4+H2O2  → K2SO4 + 2H2
O4 + 3% H 2 O 2 O + I2

Figure 8

3% H 2 O 2 + A pinch
of MnO2 H2O2 + MnO2 → H2O + MnO + O2
(↑)

Figure 9

 Comments:
 Reaction when combining KMnO4 , H 2 SO 4 and H 2 O 2 is Potassium
permanganate solution KMnO4 which gradually fades and bubbles due to
oxygen gas O2. (figure 7)
 Reaction
 Reaction between H 2 O 2 and MnO2, there are bubbles and black solids Mn
O2 (figure 9).

4. Reaction of KMnO4

Reactions Observation Chemical equation

INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY CHEMISTRY LABORATORY CH012IU

 0.5M Na 2SO3 + 2M 5Na2SO3 +3 H2SO4 + 2KMnO4 →
H 2SO 4 + 0.1M KMn 5Na2SO4 + K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 3H2O
O4

Figure 10

Na2SO3 + 2NaOH + 2KMnO4
0.5M Na 2SO3 + 6M →Na2SO4 + K2MnO4 + Na2MnO4
NaOH + 0.1M KMn +H2O
O4

Figure 11

0.5M Na 2SO3 +
distilled water + 2KMnO4 + 3Na2SO3 + H2O
0.1M KMnO4 → 2MnO2 + 3Na2SO4 + 2KOH

INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY CHEMISTRY LABORATORY CH012IU

 Figure 12

 Comments:
 When combining Na 2SO3, H 2SO4 and KMnO4 , Potassium permanganate
solution (KMnO4) loses color (figure 10).
 Reaction when combining Na 2SO3, NaOH and KMnO4 , the solution
changed from purple to green and then to yellow-brown (figure 11).
 Reaction when combining Na 2SO 3, distilled water and KMnO4 , appeared a
black precipitate (figure 12).

5. Reaction of Fe2+ and Fe3+

a) Section 1: Ferric ion (Fe3+)

Reactions Observation Chemical equation

0.5M FeCl 3 + 2M KOH FeCl 3 + 3KOH→ FeOH 3 ↓+ 3KCl

Figure 13

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 0.5M FeCl 3 + 2M N H 4 FeCl 3+3N H 4 OH→Fe(O H ¿ ¿3+3N H 4
OH Cl

Figure 14

 Comments:
 The reaction FeCl 3 and KOH, appearance of red-brown Fe(O H ¿ ¿3
precipitate in solution, figure 13 shows.
 The reaction FeCl 3and N H 4 OH, the yellow-brown color of the solution of
Iron III chloride FeCl 3 fades and a red-brown precipitate of Iron III
hydroxide Fe(O H ¿ ¿3appears, figure 14 shows.


b) Section 2: Ferrous ion (Fe2+)

Reactions Observation Chemical equation

0.5M FeSO4 + Fe SO 4+2KOH→Fe(O H ¿ ¿2+ K 2 SO 4

2M KOH

Figure 15

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 0.5M FeSO4 + FeSO4 +2N H 4 OH→Fe(O H ¿ ¿2+
2M N H 4 OH ( N H 4 ) 2 S O4
2 H 2O + O2 + 4 Fe(O H ¿ ¿2 → 4 Fe(O H ¿ ¿3

Figure 16

 Comments:
 Reaction between FeSO4 and KOH, after the reaction, a greenish-white
precipitate was obtained, leaving it for some time in the air to turn red-
brown (figure 15).
 FeSO4 participates in a metabolic reaction with N H 4 OH, creating a blue-
white precipitate of Fe(O H ¿ ¿3, figure 16 shows.

6. Reactions of Al3 +¿¿

Reactions Observation Chemical equation

0.5M Al2 ( SO¿¿ 4)3 ¿ Al2(SO4)3 + 3NaOH + 3HCl

+ 2M NaOH + 2M  → Al2O3 + 3H2SO4 + 3NaCl
HCl

Figure 17

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 0.5M Al2 ( SO¿¿ 4)3 ¿ Al2(SO4)3 + 8NaOH
+ 2M NaOH + 2M → 3Na2SO4 + 2NaAlO2 + 4H2O
NaOH

Figure 18

 Comments:
 When combining Al2 (SO ¿¿ 4)3 ¿, NaOH and HCl, a white precipitate appears
which is show in figure 17.
 When combining Al2 ( SO¿¿ 4)3 ¿, NaOH and NaOH, a white precipitate appears,
then the precipitate dissolved immediately which is show in figure 18.

7. Flame Test

Solution Dominant flame Wavelength Frequency Photon energy

color (nm) (s1) (J)
LiCl Red 701 4.28x1014 2.84x10-19

NaCl Orange-yellow 597 5.03x1014 3.33x10-19

KCl Violet 423 7.09x1014 4.7x10-19

CaCl2 Red-Orange 622 4.82x1014 3.2x10-19

BaCl2 Light green 535 5.61x1014 3.72x10-19

Comments: Different solutions will have different dominant flame color, wavelength,
frequency, photon energy when burning with flame.

INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY CHEMISTRY LABORATORY CH012IU

 IV. CONCLUSION
- To perform different types of chemical reactions including acid-base, precipitation, gas
forming, complex compound forming and oxidation-reduction reactions.
-To identify the products in these reactions and describe the chemical changes.
-To write and balance the chemical equations for the reactions observed.

INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY CHEMISTRY LABORATORY CH012IU