U.S.N.

BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore-560019

(Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU, Belgaum)
July / August 2017 Supplementary Semester Examinations
Course: Applied Thermodynamics Duration: 3 Hours
Course Code: 15ME4DCATD / 12ME4DCATD Max Marks: 100
Date: 29.07.2017

Instructions: Answer FIVE FULL questions, choosing one from each unit.
Use of thermodynamic data hand book and steam table are permitted

UNIT -1

1. a) An inventor claims that a new heat cycle will develop 0.4 kW for a heat addition of 04
32.5 kJ/min. The temperature of heat source is 1990 K and that of sink is 850 K. Is
his claim possible?
b) Represent Otto cycle on P-V and T-S diagram and derive the expression for air 06
standard efficiency of an Otto cycle.
c) Gas turbine power plant working on Brayton cycle, air at inlet is 27°C, 0.1 MPa. The 10
pressure ratio is 6.25 and the maximum temperature is 800°C. The turbine and
compressor efficiencies are each 80%. Find the i) compressor
ii) work, iii) turbine work, iv) heat supplied, v) cycle efficiency and turbine exhaust
temperature. Mass of air may be considered as 1 kg. Draw T-S diagram.

UNIT-2

2. a) Discuss the significance the following terms relating to steam formation 06

(i) Dryness fraction of steam
(ii) Enthalpy of wet steam
(iii) Enthalpy of superheated steam

b) Steam at 10 bar and 200°C, undergoes expansion via a reversible adiabatic process to 08
1 bar in a turbine. Determine the final volume, the final temperature and the final
specific entropy. If the mass flow rate of steam is 2 kg/s, determine the work output
from the turbine.

c) Explain the principle and working of Lamont boiler 06

OR

3. a) Discuss the various parameters which increases the Rankine cycle efficiency and 10
represent on h-s plot?
 b) In a theoretical reheat cycle, steam at 150 bar and 550°C expands through a high 10
pressure turbine. It is reheated at a constant pressure of 40 bar to 550°C, and then the
steam expands through the low pressure turbine to a condenser at 0.1 bar. With the
help of molier chart. Determine:
(i) Quality of steam at turbine exit.
(ii) Cycle efficiency
(iii) Steam rate in kg/kWh

UNIT-3

4. a) With the help of schematic and T-S diagram, derive the COP of a Bell-Coleman cycle 06
b) R-134a enters the compressor of a refrigerator as superheated vapour at 0.1 MPa and 08
-10°C at a rate of 0.05 kg/s and leaves at 0.8 MPa and 50°C. The refrigerant is cooled
in the condenser to 26°C and 0.72 MPa. It is throttled to 0.15 MPa. Disregarding any
heat transfer and pressure drops in the connecting lines between the components,
determine (i) the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space (ii) the power input
to the compressor (iii) the heat rejection from the condenser and (iv) COP of the
refrigerator.

c) An ideal gas refrigeration cycle using air as a working medium is to maintain a 06

refrigerated space at -18°C while rejecting heat to the surroundings at 27°C. The
pressure ratio of the compressor is 4. Determine (i) the maximum and minimum
temperatures in the cycle (ii) COP (iii) the rate of refrigeration for the mass flow rate
of 0.05 kg/s.

OR
5. a) Discuss the importance of humidity for the following Psychrometric Process and 10
represent the same on the Psychrometric chart
(i) Sensible heating and cooling
(ii) Cooling and humidification
(iii) Heating and dehumidification

b) The dry and the wet-bulb temperatures of atmospheric air at 1 atm (101.325 kPa) 10
pressure are measured with a sling psychrometer and determined to be 32°C and
26°C, respectively. Determine (i) the specific humidity (ii) partial pressure of water
vapour (iii) relative humidity (iv) density of air in the mixture and (v) the enthalpy of
the mixture

UNIT-4
6. a) For an isentropic steam flow through convergent divergent nozzle, derive expressions 10
for exit velocity and mass of steam discharge using steady flow energy equation
(SFEE).

b) Dry saturated steam at a pressure of 8 bar enters a convergent divergent nozzle and 10
leaves at a pressure of 1.5 bar. If the flow is isentropic and if the corresponding
expansion index is 1.133, Determine (i) the velocity at the throat and exit sections (ii)
ratio of cross-sectional area at exit and throat for maximum discharge.
 UNIT-5

7. a) For a two stage air compressor with perfect intercooler, with the help of indicator 10
diagram, derive expression for total work done per cycle and work required per kg of
air.

b) A single acting air compressor has a bore and stroke both of 10 cm and is driven at 10
400 rpm. The clearance volume is 80 cm3 and the index of compression and expansion
is 1.2. The suction pressure is 0.95 bar and the delivery pressure is 8 bar. Calculate (i)
volumetric efficiency (ii) the volume of air delivered per minute, if the temperature at
the start of the compression is 30°C and (iii) work done per cycle and (iv) the mean
effective pressure assuming constant suction and delivery pressure.
*******
 U.S.N.

BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore-560019

(Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU, Belgaum)
June 2017 Semester End Make Up Examinations
Course: Applied Thermodynamics Duration: 3 Hours
Course Code: 15ME4DCATD/12ME4DCATD Max Marks: 100
Date: 08.06.2017

Instructions: Answer FIVE FULL questions, choosing one from each unit.

UNIT-1

1. a) With the help of P-v and T-s diagrams, derive an expression for efficiency of Dual 10
cycle in terms of compression ratio, pressure ratio and the ratio of specific heats.

b) An air standard diesel cycle, the compression ratio is 16, and at the beginning of 10
isentropic compression, the temperature is 150C and the pressure is 0.1 MPa. Heat is
added until the temperature at the end of constant pressure process is 14800C.
Calculate: i) the cut-off ratio, ii) the heat supplied per kg of air, iii) cycle efficiency,
and the mean effective pressure (m.e.p.)

UNIT-2
2. a) Define the following terms with respect to pure substances: i) sub-cooled liquid, 08
ii) triple point, iii) critical Point, and iv) dryness fraction.
b) Water vapour mixture at 1000 C is contained in the rigid vessel of 0.5 m3 capacity. 06
Water is now heated till it reaches critical state. What was the mass and volume of
water initially?
c) How high pressure boiler is different form boiler used for steam generation? With the 06
help of line diagram explain the working of Benson boiler

OR
3. a) Why the Carnot cycle cannot be considered as the theoretical cycle for steam power 04
plant even though its efficiency is maximum.
b) Discus briefly the effect of the following parameters on the performance of Rankine 06
cycle: i) Boiler pressure, ii) Boiler temperature and iii) Condenser pressure.
c) A steam power plant running on Rankine cycle has a steam entering HP turbine at 20 10
MPa, 5000 C and leaving LP turbine at 90% dryness. Considering condenser pressure
of 0.005 MPa and reheating occurs up to the temperature of 5000 C. Determine:
i) pressure at which steam leaves the turbine, ii) thermal efficiency.
 UNIT-3

4. a) Discuss the significance of following terms with respect to refrigeration: i) TON of 04

refrigeration, ii) COP of the refrigerator.
b) Illustrate the vapour compression cycle and explain various processes on T-s and p-h 08
diagrams.
c) It is required to design an air conditioning plant for an office room with the following 08
conditions:
Outdoor conditions – 140C DBT, and 100 C WBT
Required indoor condition - 220 C DBT, and 60% R.H.
Amount of free air circulated – 0.3 m3/min/person,
Seating capacity of the office=60
The required condition is achieved first by heating and then adiabatic humidifying.
Determine: i) the heating capacity of the coil in kW and the surface temperature
required, if the bypass factor of coil is 0.4, ii) the capacity of the humidifier.

OR

5. a) Discuss how the Dew point temperature, Relative humidity, and Specific humidity 06
will affect an air-conditioning system.
b) With a neat sketch, briefly describe a summer air-conditioning system. 06
c) A vapour compression refrigeration plant used R-12 and is to develop 5 tons of 08
refrigeration. The condenser and evaporator temperature are to be 400 C and -100 C
respectively. Determine: i) the refrigerant flow rate, ii) the volume flow rate handled
by the compressor in m3/sec, iii) the heat rejected to the condenser in kW, iv) COP,
and v) the power required to drive the compressor.

UNIT-4

6. a) Discuss the effect of friction on performance of nozzles. Also show these effects on 06
T-s and h-s diagrams.
b) Derive an expression for maximum discharge through the convergent divergent nozzle 08
for steam.
c) An impulse turbine of 1 MW has steam entering at 20 bar and 3000 C and steam 06
consumption of 8 kg per kW hour. Steam leaves at 0.2 bar and 10% of total heat drop
is lost in overcoming friction in diverging portion of nozzle. If throat diameter of each
nozzle is 1 cm then determine: i) the number of nozzles required, ii) the exit diameter
of each nozzle. Solve the problem using Mollier diagram.
 UNIT-5

7. a) Explain multi-stage compression procen? What are its merits over single stage 06
compression?
b) Obtain the expression for minimum work done for a single stage reciprocating
compressor works between P1 & P2? 08
c) A multi-stage reciprocating air compressor is to be designed to elevate pressure from 06
1 bar to 100 bar such that stage pressure ratio is not to exceed 4. Determine: i) No. of
stages, ii) Exact stage pressure ratio, and iii) Intermediate pressure

*******
 U.S.N.

BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore-560019

(Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU, Belgaum)
May 2017 Semester End Main Examinations
Course: Applied Thermodynamics Duration: 3 Hours
Course Code: 15ME4DCATD/12ME4DCATD Max Marks: 100
Date: 12.05.2017

Instructions: Answer FIVE FULL questions, choosing one from each unit.
Use of thermodynamic data hand book and steam tables permitted.

UNIT -1

1. a) Explain compression ratio, cut-off ratio and mean effective pressure in air standard 06
cycles.
b) Draw the schematic diagram, P-V and T-S diagram for a Brayton cycle and mention 06
various processess of the cycle.
c) In an engine working on diesel cycle. Intlet pressure and temperature are 1 bar and 170C 08
respectively. The pressure at the end of adiabatic compression is 35 bars. The expansion
ratio is 5. Calculate the heat addition, heat rejection, and efficiency of the cycle.
Assume Cp = 1.004 KJ/kgK & γ= 1.4

UNIT-2

2. a) Define pure substance. With a neat sketch explain P-V-T surface, highlight salient 08
features of the surface.
b) Find the enthalpy and Internal energy of 2m3 of steam at a pressure of 20 bar under the 08
following condition.
i) Steam is wet having a dryness fraction of 0.8
ii) Steam is superheated to a temperature of 2500c
c) Draw a neat sketch of temperature-volume diagram for water showing liquid and vaour 04
phases. Mark all salient points on the diagram.

OR

3. a) Draw T-S and h-s diagrams of Rankine cycle and obtain the expression for the 06
efficiency of the cycle in terms of enthalpies.
b) With the help of a T-s plot and schematic diagram, explain the working of regenerative 06
vapour power cycle.
c) Steam enters the first stage of reheat Rankine cycle at 8Mpa, 5000c and expands to 08
700Kpa. It is then reheated to 4500c before entering second stage turbine where it
expands to 0.08bar. The net power output is 100MW. Determine i) Thermal efficiency
of the cycle ii) steam flow rate iii) Quality of the steam at the end of expansion iv)
Total heat rejected in the condensor in MW.
 UNIT-3

4. a) What do you mean by refrigerant, refrigeration and refrigerator? Explain with a neat 10
sketch working principle of vapour absorption refrigeration system.
b) A vapour compression plant uses R-12 and is to develop 5 tonnes of refrigeration. The 10
condensor and evaporator temperatures are to be 400C and -100C respectively.
Deterimine
i) the Refrigerant flow rate in kg/s
ii) the volume flow rate handled by the compressor in m3/s
iii) the compressor discharge temperature
iv) heat rejected in the condensor in kw
v) COP
OR

5. a) Define the following i) The specific humidity ii) Relative humidity 08

iii) Dew point temperature iv) Degree of saturation.
b) Represent the following processes on a psychrometric chart. 04
i) Sensible heating iii) Sensible cooling
ii)Heating and humidification iv) Cooling and Dehumidification
c) The pressure and temperature in a room are 1.01326 bar and 250c. If the relative 08
humidity is 40%. Determine i) saturation pressure of water vapour at the dry bulb
temperature ii) The Dew point temperature iii) specific humidity and iv) Degree of
saturation.
UNIT-4

6. a) Represent on h-s diagram the salient features of nozzle and diffuser. Derive the 05
efficiency of Nozzle and diffuser.
b) Illustrate the variation of pressure along the length of the nozzle for different back 05
pressure conditions.
c) In a steam nozzle, steam expands from 4 bar to 1bar. The initial velocity is 60m/s and 08
the initial temperature is 200°C. Determine
i) Dryness fraction ii) enthalpy drop iii) exit velocity, if the nozzle efficiency is 92%.
UNIT-5

7. a) Derive the condition for minimum work input to a two stage reciprocating air compressor 06
with perfect intercooling. State the assumption made.
b) Define the following with respect to a reciprocating compressor 06
i)Isothermal efficiency ii) Adiabatic efficiency iii) Mechanical efficiency
iv) volumetric efficiency.
c) In a two stage reciprocating air compressor 1.5kg/min of air is compressed from 1 bar 08
to 25 bar and index of compression is 1.2. If the work of compression is minimum and
air is cooled in the intercooler so that its temperature is brought back to initial
temperature of 150C, determine i) Heat rejected during compression ii) Heat rejected in
the intercooler iii) Power required to drive the compressor. Take Cp = 1.004
KJ/kgk & Cv = 0.714 KJ/kgk
*******
 U.S.N.

B. M. S. College of Engineering, Bengaluru - 560019

Autonomous Institute Affiliated to VTU
July / August 2019 Supplementary Examinations
Programme: B.E. Semester : IV
Branch : MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Duration: 3 hrs.
Course Code: 15ME4DCATD/12ME4DCATD Max Marks: 100
Course: Applied Thermodynamics Date: 27.07.2019

Instructions: 1. Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing one full question from each unit.
2. Missing data, if any, may suitably assumed.
3. Uses of thermodynamic data hand book and steam table are permitted.

UNIT - I
Important Note: Completing your answers, compulsorily draw diagonal cross lines on the remaining blank pages.

1. a) In an engine, working on Otto cycle, prove that compression ratio for 06

maximum work done per kg of air between upper and lower limits of
temperature is given by
𝑇3 1.25
𝑟=( )
𝑇1
b) Derive an expression for optimum pressure ratio which gives maximum 06
specific work output in gas turbine considering machine efficiency.
c) A gas turbine plant working on the Brayton cycle has air at 27°C, 0.1 MPa 08
Revealing of identification, appeal to evaluator will be treated as malpractice.

at the inlet. The pressure ratio is 6.25 and the maximum temperature is
800°C. The turbine and compressor efficiencies are each 80%. Show the
cycle on T-s diagram and Find: i) the compressor work per kg of air, ii)
the turbine work per kg of air, iii) the heat supplied per kg of air, iv) the
cycle efficiency, and v) the turbine exhaust temperature. Take Cp = 1.005
kJ/kg K, Cv = 0.718 kJ/kg K, R = 0.287 kJ/kg K, and γ = 1.4.

UNIT - II
2. a) Explain the following with the help of T-s diagram: i) Saturated liquid, ii) 06
Saturated vapor, and iii) compressed liquid.
b) A rigid closed tank of volume 3 m3 contains 5 kg of wet steam at a 08
pressure of 200 kPa. The tank is heated until the steam becomes dry
saturated. Show the process on T-s diagram and determine the following: i)
Initial quality of the steam, ii) Initial specific enthalpy and internal energy,
iii) final pressure iv) Final specific enthalpy and internal energy and v) heat
transfer to the tank.
c) With the help of line diagram explain the working of Bension Boiler and 06
discuss its merits.
 OR
3. a) With the help of Line diagram, and T-s diagram explain the working of 10
Regenerative Rankine cycle and derive an expression for efficiency by
considering single feed heater and neglecting the pump work.
b) A steam power plant running on Rankine cycle has a steam entering HP 10
turbine at 20 MPa, 500°C and leaving LP turbine at 90% dryness.
Considering condenser pressure of 0.005 MPa and reheating occurs up to
the temperature of 500°C. Determine: i) the pressure at which steam leaves
the turbine, ii) the thermal efficiency.

UNIT - III
4. a) Define the following terms with respect to refrigeration: i) Tone of 04
refrigeration, ii) Relative COP
b) With necessary equations and p-h diagrams, explain how the following 09
factors which are affecting the performance of vapour compression system:
i) suction pressure, ii) superheating, and iii) sub-cooling.
c) A refrigerating unit takes air from a cold chamber at 5°C and compresses it 07
from 1 bar to 6.5 bar. The index of compression is 1.25. The compressed
air is cooled to a temperature at 10°C above the ambient temperature of
30°C before being expanded isentropically in an expander. Neglecting the
clearance volume of the compressor and expander find the COP and
amount of air circulated in m3/min, if 2000 kg of ice to be formed per day
at 0°C from water at 25°C. What is the tonnage of the unit?

OR
5. a) Define the following terms: i) Relative humidity, ii) Specific humidity, 06
and iii) Wet bulb and Dry bulb Temperature.
b) Sketch the following process on Psychometric chart: i) Sensible cooling, ii) 06
Heating and Dehumidification, iii) Adiabatic mixing of two streams.
c) Air at 200C, 40% RH is mixed adiabatically with air at 400C, 40% RH in 08
the ratio of 1 kg of the former with 2 kg of the latter (on dry basis).
Determine the final condition of the air.

UNIT - IV
6. a) Discuss with the help of T-s and h-s diagrams effect of friction on 05
performance of nozzles.
b) Derive an expression for critical pressure ratio for maximum discharge 05
through a nozzle.
c) During a test on steam nozzle steam impinges a stationary flat plate which 10
is perpendicular to the direction of flow and the force on the plate is
measured. The force is found to be 350 N when dry saturated steam at 8
 bar is expanded to 1 bar. Throat cross-section area is 5 cm2 and exit area is
such that the complete expansion is achieved under these conditions.
Determine: i) the discharge at throat, ii) the efficiency of the nozzle,
assuming that all the losses occurs after throat and that n=1.13 for
polytropic expansion.

UNIT - V
7. a) What do you understand by multi-stage compression? Discuss any two 10
merits over single stage compression and derive an expression for work
done equation for multi-stage air compressor with perfect inter cooling.
b) A single acting reciprocating air compressor has a bore and stroke both of 10
10 cm and is driven at 400 rpm. The clearance volume is 80 cm3 and the
index of compression and expansion is 1.2. The suction pressure is 0.95
bar and delivery pressure is 8 bar. Calculate: i) volumetric efficiency, ii)
volume of air delivered per minute, if the temperature at the start of
compression is 30°C,I iii) work done per cycle, and iv) mean effective
pressure. Assuming constant suction and delivery pressure.

*****
 U.S.N.

B. M. S. College of Engineering, Bengaluru - 560019

Autonomous Institute Affiliated to VTU
October / November 2021 Supplementary Examinations

Programme: B.E. Semester : IV

Branch : MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Duration: 3 hrs.
Course Code: 19ME4DCATD / 15ME4DCATD Max Marks: 100
Course: Applied Thermodynamics Date: 23.10.2021

1
02
Instructions: 1. Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing one full question from each unit.
2. Missing data, if any, may suitably assumed.
3. Use of Thermodynamics data hand book is Permitted.

S2
UNIT - I

M
1. a) List the assumptions made for analyzing air standard cycle. With the help 10
of P-v and T-s diagrams derive the expressions for air standard efficiency
of Otto cycle in terms of specific heat ratio and compression ratio.
b)

XA
In an air standard diesel cycle, the compression ratio is 16 and at the
beginning of isentropic compression, the temperature is 15 °C and the
10
YE
pressure is 0.1 Mpa. Heat is added until the temperature at the end of
constant pressure process is 1480 °C. Calculate: (i) the cut-off ratio, (ii)
the heat supplied per kg of air, (iii) cycle efficiency and (iv) mean
effective pressure.
AR

UNIT - II
T

2. a) What are the different stages of combustion in CI engine? Show it on P-θ 04

diagram.
EN

b) List the different methods for determining the frictional power of an I.C. 06
engine. Discuss Willian’s line method with sketch.
M

c) A six cylinder, four stroke diesel engine has bore 360 mm and stroke 500 10
mm. A trial on the engine provided the following data: Mean area of
LE

indicator diagram = 780 mm2, Length of the indicator diagram = 75 mm,

Spring number = 0.7 bar per mm of compression, Brake torque = 14000 N
-m, Crank shaft speed = 500 R.P.M, Fuel consumption = 240 kg/hr.
PP

Calorific value of fuel oil = 44000 kJ/kg, flow rate of jacket cooling water
= 320 kg/min, Rise in temperature of cooling water = 40° C, flow rate of
piston cooling oil = 140 kg/min, Specific heat of piston cooling oil = 2.1
SU

kJ/kg K; Temperature rise of cooling oil = 28° C. Circulating water in gas

calorimeter = 300 kg/min, Rise in temperature of calorimeter cooling
water = 42° C. All heat of the exhaust gases is absorbed in the calorimeter.
Estimate the specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency.
Draw up a heat balance sheet of the engine on 1kg of fuel oil basic.
 UNIT – III
3. a) What is multistage compression? What are its advantages? 04
b) With the help of P-v diagram derive an expression for volumetric 06
efficiency of a single stage reciprocating air compressor in terms of
clearance ratio & pressure ratio.
c) A two-stage single acting reciprocating compressor takes in air at the rate 10
of 0.2 m3/s. The intake pressure and temperature of air are 0.1 MPa and

1
16 °C. The air is compressed to a final pressure of 0.7 MPa. The
intermediate pressure is ideal and inter-cooling is perfect. The

02
compression index in both the stages is 1.25 and the compressor runs at
600 r.p.m. Neglecting clearance volume, determine (i) the intermediate
pressure, (ii) the total volume of each cylinder, (iii) the power required to

S2
drive the compressor, and (iv) the rate of heat rejection in the intercooler.
Take Cp =1.005 kJ/kg K and R = 287 J/kg K.

M
UNIT - IV
4. a) Explain the following with respect to pure substance: (i) Sub cooled 10

XA
liquid, (ii) Triple point, (iii) Critical point, (iv) Dryness fraction and (v)
Saturated liquid line.
b) Steam at pressure of 4 bar and dryness 0.7 is allowed to expand at a 10
YE
constant volume, until the pressure rises to 5.5 bar. Show the process on
the T-v diagram and determine the following: (i) initial temperature (ii)
final condition of steam, (iii) change in internal energy, (iv) change in
AR

enthalpy, (v) work transfer and (vi) the heat transferred by 1 kg of steam.

OR
T
EN

5. a) List the various losses of actual vapour power cycle and show the cycle on 04
T-s diagram.
b) Derive the expression for thermal efficiency of simple Rankine cycle in 06
M

terms of specific enthalpy and show the cycle on T-s diagram.

c) Steam at 20 bar, 350 °C is expanded in a stream turbine to 0.1 bar. It then 10
LE

enters a condenser, where it is condensed to saturated liquid water. The

pump feeds back the water into the boiler. Show the cycle on T-s diagram
PP

and Calculate the following: (i) condition of steam at condenser inlet, (ii)
pump work, (iii) Turbine work, (iv) steam rate and (v) cycle efficiency.
UNIT - V
SU

6. a) Define Refrigeration. List desirable properties of a good refrigerant. 04

b) With the help of schematic diagram explain the working of vapour 06
compression refrigeration system. Write the expression for COP in terms
of specific enthalpy and show the cycle on p-h and T-s diagrams.
 c) A simple refrigeration plant with ammonia as refrigerant is to develop 3 10
Important Note: Completing your tonnes of refrigeration. The condenser and evaporator temperatures are to
be 40 °C and -16 °C respectively. Show the cycle on T-s diagram and
determine: (i) the refrigerant flow rate in kg/sec, (ii) volume flow rate
handled by the compressor in m3/sec, (iii) the compressor discharge
temperature, (iv) the pressure ratio, (v) COP, and (vi) the power required
to drive the compressor in kW.

1
OR
04

02
7. a) What is psychrometry? List the different psychrometric processes.
b) Define the following terms with respect to psychrometry: (i) Specific 06
Humidity, (ii) Relative humidity and (iii) Degree of saturation.

S2
c) A psychrometer reads 40 °C dry bulb temperature and 28 °C wet bulb 10
temperature. Assuming the barometric pressure as 1.013 bar and Cp of dry

M
air is 1.005 kJ/kg K, Cp of water vapour is 1.88 kJ/kg K determine:
(i) Humidity ratio, (ii) Relative humidity, (iii) Dew point temperature and
(iv) Enthalpy of the mixture per kg of dry air.

XA
YE
*****
T AR
EN
M
LE
PP
SU
 U.S.N.

B. M. S. College of Engineering, Bengaluru - 560019

Autonomous Institute Affiliated to VTU
JAN / FEB – 2021 Grade Improvement Examinations of Even Semester
Programme: B.E. Semester: IV
Branch: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Duration: 3 hrs
Course Code: 19ME4DCATD Max Marks: 100
Course: Applied Thermodynamics Date: 25.02.2021

Instructions: 1. Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing one full question from each unit.
2. Missing data, if any, may suitably assumed.
3. Thermodynamic data handbook is permitted.

UNIT - I
1. a) Draw T-S and P-V diagrams of Carnot, Otto, Diesel and Dual cycles along 10
with their efficiency equations.
Important Note: Completing your answers, compulsorily draw diagonal cross lines on the remaining blank pages.

b) Two engines use to operate on Otto and Diesel cycle with the following 10
data. Maximum temperature 1400 K, exhaust temperature 700 K, state of
air at the beginning of compression 0.1 MP, 300K. Estimate the
compression ratios, maximum pressure, efficiencies and rate of work
output (for 1 kg/min of air) of the respective cycles.
UNIT - II

2. a) Explain the phenomenon of combustion with various stages in a 08

Compression Ignition (CI) engine.
Revealing of identification, appeal to evaluator will be treated as malpractice.

b) A 6 cylinder, 4 stroke diesel engine has a bore of 33.75 cm and a stroke of 12

37.5 cm. It is tested at half load condition and following readings were
obtained.
Brake power =142 kW , Engine speed =350 rpm , Pm = 3.72 bar,
Fuel consumption rate = 44kg/h , C V of fuel = 44800 kJ/kg,
Water flow rate in jacket = 60.2 kg/min, Air consumption rate = 38.6
kg/min, Rise in temperature of water = 320C, Piston cooling oil flow rate =
34.96 kg/min, Rise in cooling oil temperature = 200C,
CP of piston oil =2.1kJ/kg K,
Exhaust gas temperature = 2100 C,
Ambient air temperature = 250C,
CP of exhaust gases = 1.05 kJ/kg K,
CP of cooling water = 4.187 kJ/kg K,
Prepare heat balance sheet on minute basis
 UNIT - III
3. a) Derive an expression for work done per cycle for a single stage 08
reciprocating air compressor i) with clearance ii) without clearance
assuming polytropic compression
b) A two stage, single acting reciprocating air compressor takes in air at 1 bar 12
and 300K. Air is discharged at 100 bar. The intermediate pressure is ideal
for minimum work and perfect intercooling. Law of compression is
PV1.3 =C. Rate of discharge is 0.1 kg/s. Calculate
i) Power required to drive the compressor
ii) Saving in work in comparison with a single stage compression
iii) Isothermal efficiency
iv) Heat transferred in intercooler , given R = 0.287 kJ/kg K and
CP = 1 kJ/kg K
UNIT - IV

4. a) Define the following terms as applied to a pure substance:

12
i) Triple point ii) Critical point iii) Sub cooled liquid state
iv) Saturated liquid state v) Wet vapour state vi) Dry vapour state
b) State whether the following samples of steam are wet, dry or superheated.
Justify your answer.
i) Pressure = 1MPa absolute , enthalpy = 2880 kJ/kg
ii) Pressure = 500 kPa absolute , specific volume = 0.35 m 3/kg 08
iii) Temperature = 2000C , Pressure = 1.2MPa
iv) Temperature = 1000C , entropy = 6.88 kJ/kg K
v) Pressure = 10kPa , enthalpy =2584.8 kJ/kg

OR

5. a) In how many ways, the efficiency of Rankine cycle can be improved? List
10
out and explain any two of them with T-S diagram.
b) A steam power plant operates on an ideal Rankine cycle between 9MPa
and 10kPa. Mass flow rate of steam through the cycle is 25kg/s. Steam
enters both stages of the turbine at 5000C. If the moisture content of steam
exiting the low pressure turbine should not exceed 10% , determine 10
i) Reheat pressure
ii) Total rate of heat input in the boiler
iii) Thermal efficiency of the cycle

UNIT - V

6. a) Explain the working of a vapor compression refrigeration cycle with P-h

diagram. Compare the same with actual P-h diagram.
08
 b) An air refrigeration plant is to be designed according to the following
specifications:
Pressure of air at compressor inlet = 101kPa,
Pressure of air at compressor exit = 404kPa,
Pressure loss in the cooler = 12kPa,
Pressure loss in the cold chamber = 3kPa, 10
Temperature of air at compressor inlet = 60C,
Temperature of air at turbine inlet = 270C,
Compressor and turbine efficiency = 0.85.
Determine i) Air circulation rate per ton of refrigeration
ii) Power required to produce one ton of refrigeration
OR

7. a) An air conditioning system is designed under the following conditions:

Outdoor conditions : 300C DBT, 75%RH
Required indoor conditions : 220C , DBT , 70% RH
Amount of air circulated : 3.33 m 3/s
Coil dew point temperature : 140C
The required condition is achieved by cooling and dehumidification and
then by heating. Estimate: 10
i) Capacity of cooling coil in TR
ii) Capacity of heating coil in kW
iii) Amount of water vapour removed in kg/h
b) Air at 280C and 1 bar has a specific humidity of 0.016 kg/kg dry air.
Determine: i) Partial pressure of water vapour ii) Relative humidity
10
iii) Dew point temperature iv) Specific enthalpy

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 U.S.N.

B. M. S. College of Engineering, Bengaluru - 560019

Autonomous Institute Affiliated to VTU
SEP – 2021 Semester End Main Examinations
Programme: B.E. Semester : IV
Branch : MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Duration: 3 hrs.
Course Code: 19ME4DCATD / 15ME4DCATD Max Marks: 100
Course: Applied Thermodynamics Date: 21.09.2021

Instructions: 1. Answer any FIVE full questions

2. Missing data, if any, may suitably assumed.
3. Use of Thermodynamics data hand book is Permitted.

1. a) Derive air standard efficiency in terms of compression ratio and cut-off 08

ratio for a constant volume cycle.
Important Note: Completing your answers, compulsorily draw diagonal cross lines on the remaining blank pages.

b) An air standard dual cycle has a compression ratio of 16 and compression 12

begins at 1 bar, 30 °C. The maximum pressure is 70 bar. The heat
transferred to air at constant pressure is equal to that at constant volume.
Estimate the following: (i) the pressure and temperature at all the cardinal
points of the cycle, (ii) the cycle efficiency (iii) mean effective pressure of
the cycle, Take for air 𝐶𝑣 = 0.718 kJ/kg K, 𝐶𝑝 = 1.005 kJ/kg K , γ =1.4.

2. a) List the different methods of determining the frictional power of an I.C. 08

Revealing of identification, appeal to evaluator will be treated as malpractice.

engine. Discuss any two methods.

b) The following observations were recorded in a test of 1 hour duration on a 12
single cylinder 4-stroke oil engine: Bore is 220 mm, stroke is 300 mm,
Fuel used is 4 kg, calorific value of fuel is 42,000 kJ/kg, shaft speed is 300
rpm, MEP is 5 bar, load on brake drum is 560 N, spring balance reading is
30 N, diameter of brake drum is 1.4 m, quantity of cooling water
circulated is 500 kg, specific heat of water is 4.18 kJ/kg K, Increase in
temperature of cooling water is 20 °C, air fuel ratio is 16, exhaust gas
temperature is 410 °C, specific heat of exhaust gases is 1.1 kJ/kg K,
ambient air temperature is 30 °C.
Determine: i) IP, ii) BP, iii) Mechanical efficiency and Draw up the heat
balance sheet on minute basis.

3. a) Derive an expression for minimum work done with perfect intercooling in 10

a multi-stage air compressor. Explain with a neat sketch the need for
intercooler in multi-stage air compressor.
 b) A single acting reciprocating air compressor without clearance volume has 10
cylinder diameter and stroke of 150 mm and 280 mm respectively. The
compressor sucks air at 1.2 bar and 25 °C and delivers at 12 bar while
running at 200 rpm. Show the cycle on P-V diagram and compute the
following:
i) Indicated power of the compressor,
ii) Mass of air delivered by the compressor per minute, and
iii) Temperature of air delivered by the compressor. The compressor
follows the law 𝑃𝑉 1.4 = C. Take R = 287 J/kg K.

4. a) Define and explain the following terms with respect to pure substances: 10
(i) Heterogeneous substance, ii) Superheated vapour, iii) Saturation
temperature, iv) sublimation curve and v) dryness fraction.
b) Steam at pressure of 4 bar and dryness 0.7 is allowed to expand at a 10
constant volume, until the pressure rises to 5.5 bar. Show the process on
the T-v diagram and determine the following: i) initial temperature ii)
final condition of steam, iii) change in internal energy, iv) change in
enthalpy, v) work transfer and vi) the heat transferred by 1 kg of steam.

5. a) Explain reheat cycle with the help of flow diagram and derive the 10
expression for cycle efficiency with help of T-S diagram.
b) Steam at 20 bar. 360 °C is expanded in a steam turbine to 0.08 bar. It then 10
enters a condenser, where it is condensed to saturated liquid water. The
pump feeds back the water into the boiler. Assuming ideal processes, find
per kg of steam (i) the network and the cycle efficiency. ( ii) If the turbine
and the pump each have 80% efficiency, find the percentage reduction in
the network and cycle efficiency.

6. a) Describe with the help of flow diagram the vapour absorption system of 10
refrigeration cycle and also write expression for COP in terms of
temperature.
b) A simple refrigeration plant with ammonia as refrigerant is to develop 3 10
tonnes of refrigeration. The condenser and evaporator temperature are to
be 40 °C and -16 °C respectively. Show the cycle on T-s diagram and
determine: i) The refrigerant flow rate in kg/sec, ii) volume flow rate
handled by the compressor in m³/sec, iii) the compressor discharge
temperature, iv) the pressure ratio, v) COP, and vi) the power required to
drive the compressor in kW.
7. a) Define the following (i) Dry bulb temperature (ii) Dew point temperature 10
(iii) Relative humidity (iv) Specific humidity (v) Degree of saturation.
b) An air conditioning system is designed under the following conditions 10
Outdoor conditions: 30°C dry bulb temperature (DBT), 75% relative
humidity (RH), Required indoor condition 22°C dry bulb temperature
(DBT), 70% relative humidity (RH) Amount of free air circulated: 3.33
m³/s and coil dew temperature 14°C. The required condition is achieved
first by cooling and dehumidification and then by heating. Estimate (i) the
capacity of the cooling coil in tonnes, (ii) the capacity of the heating coil
in kW, and (iii) the amount of water vapour removed in kg/s.

*****