Senior High School

Earth Science
Quarter 1 - Module 1

Structure of the Earth

1|P age
Earth Science - Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 - Module 1: Structure of the Earth
First Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the
work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may,
among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalty.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks,
etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted
to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The
publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education – Division of Bohol

Schools Division Superintendent: Bianito A. Dagatan, EdD, CESO V
Education Program Supervisor: Felix C. Galacio, Jr., PhD

Development Team of the Module

Author(s) : Modules 1 Ruth M. Lauron

Modules 2-3 Marife P. Aleman
Modules 4-5 Maria Amor B. Wapanio
Modules 6-7 Christian Mae A. Cael
Reviewer(s) : Stella G. Baja PhD
Miriam A. Actub
Management Team
Chairperson : Bianito A. Dagatan, EdD, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent
Co-Chairpersons : Faustino N. Toradio, PhD
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
: Danilo G. Gudelosao, PhD
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Members : Carmela M. Restificar, PhD, Chief-CID
Josephine D. Eronico, PhD, EPS-LRMDS
Felix C. Galacio, Jr., PhD, EPS-Mathematics/Science
Jocelyn Rotersos, Division Librarian

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Division of Bohol
Office Address: 0050 Lino Chatto Drive, Brgy. Cogon, Tagbilaran City, Bohol
Telephone Nos.: (038) 412-4938; (038) 411-2544; (038) 501-7550
Telefax: (038) 501-7550
E-mail Address: [email protected]

2|P age
 What I Need To Know
This module was designed to help you learn the structure of the Earth.
The module is divided into three lessons, namely:
• Lesson 1 – Earth: The Living Planet
• Lesson 2 – Earth: The Four Subsystems
• Lesson 3 – Rock-Forming Minerals

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. recognize the difference in the physical and chemical properties between the Earth and its
neighboring planets;
2. identify the factors that allow a planet to support life S11ES-Ia-b-3;
3. recognize the Earth as a system composed of subsystems S11ES-Ib-4; and
4. identify common rock-forming minerals using their physical and chemical properties S11ES-Ib-
5.

Earth Science
Module 1 Lesson 1
Earth: The Living Planet

Earth is so terrific that it is the only planet known in the Solar System that can support life but
the question is, “What makes Earth unique among other planets?” and “What are the factors to consider
a habitable planet?” Let us learn more as we go through this module.

What’s In

Since elementary, the study of Earth is part of our Science subjects. To recall some Earth facts,
let’s try this Cryptogram to unlock the following terms being described.

Activity 1. Cryptogram (a type of puzzle that consists of a short piece of encrypted text.)
Directions: Each letter is replaced by a number as represented in the box below. Solve the following
encrypted texts to reveal the term behind it. Write your answer on a separate sheet.
1. It is the only natural satellite of Earth.

13 15 15 14

2. It is known as the twin planet of Earth because of its similarity in size, mass, and surface material
composition.
22 5 14 21 19

3. This gas abundant in Earth allows humans and animals to breath.

15 24 25 7 5 14

4. The shape of Earth’s orbit around the Sun.

5 12 12 9 16 20 9 3 1 12

3|P age
5. Earth is the densest and largest _____ planet in the Solar System.
20 5 18 18 5 19 20 18 9 1 12

What’s New
Activity 2. Pictionary
Directions: Guess the word/s that are depicted in the pictures below.

1.

2.

3.

Activity 3. Compare and Contrast

Our solar system is composed of the sun and the eight planets revolving around it. These
planets are then classified as terrestrial and Jovian/gas planets.

Directions: Compare and contrast the physical and chemical properties of the Earth and its neighboring
terrestrial planets using the provided factsheet as your guide.
Table 1. Venus, Earth, Mars Comparison
(Adapted from: https://go.nasa.gov/3hml2oF)
PROPERTIES VENUS EARTH MARS
Mass (1,024 kg) 4.87 5.97 0.642
Diameter (km) 12,104 12,756 6,792
Density (kg/m3) 5,243 5,514 3,933
Gravity (m/s2) 8.9 9.8 3.7
Escape Velocity (km/s) 10.4 11.2 5

4|P age
 Surface Pressure (bars) 92 1 0.01
Composition of Atmosphere 96% CO2 , 77% N, 21% O2, 95 % CO2, 2.7% N,
3.5% N 1% Ar 1.6% Ar
Major Greenhouse Gases CO2 CO2 H2O CO2
(GHG)
Mean Temperature (°C) 464 15 -65
Temperature if no GHG -46 -18 -57
Change in Temperature (°C) + 523 + 33 + 10
due to GHG
Distance from Sun (106 km) 108.2 149.6 227.9
Orbital Period (days) 224.7 365.2 687
Orbital Velocity (km/s) 35 29.8 24.1
Length of Day (hours) 2,802 24 24.7
Global Magnetic Field No Yes No

Figure 1. Venus, Earth, Mars (Adapted from https://bit.ly/2WJOeOC)

1. Based on the picture and information given above, give at least two (2) similarities and differences
among the terrestrial planets.
2. Of the three terrestrial planets (Venus, Earth, and Mars), which is the hottest?
3. Which factors/characteristics influence the planet’s temperature?

What is It
Earth is the only place in the known universe confirmed to host life and is the only one known
for sure to have liquid water in the surface. These are reasons why planet earth is a unique one: (1) It
has liquid water; (2) Plate Tectonics; and (3) It has atmosphere that shelters it from the worst of the
sun’s rays.

Earth is the only planet in the solar system that has a large amount of liquid water. About 70%
of the surface of the Earth is covered by liquid or frozen water. Because of this, Earth is sometimes
called “blue planet.” Planet Earth is habitable because it has the right distance from the sun. It is kept
warm by an insulating atmosphere, and it has the right chemical ingredients for life including water and
carbon. It can provide water, oxygen, useful biological products for human, and has suitable weather
and climate.

Earth, Venus, and Mars may have similarities: (1) They all are terrestrial planets, made of solid
rocks and silicates; (2) They all have an atmosphere; (3) They all almost have the same time to rotate
on their axes; (4) Earth and Mars both have water; (5) They all have carbon dioxide; and (6 All have
landforms. Earth, Venus, and Mars have differences: (1) Venus has no water; (2) Venus and Mars don’t
have oxygen; and (3) Earth has life forms.

What’s More
Activity 4. Earth: A Habitable Planet
Directions: Read the document carefully and answer the questions that follow.
5|P age
 Table 2. Factors That Make a Planet Habitable
(Adapted from https://bit.ly/3hn0AUM)
Factors that Not Enough of the Just Right Too Much of the Situation in
make a Factor Factor the Solar
Planet System
Habitable

Temperature Low temperatures Life seems to At about 125oC, Surface: only

influences cause chemicals to be limited to a protein and the Earth’s
how quickly react slowly, which temperature carbohydrate surface is in this
atoms and interferes with the range of -15oC molecules, and the temperature
molecules reactions necessary to 115oC. In genetic material range. Sub-
move. for life. It can also this range, (e.g., DNA and surface: the
cause the freezing liquid water can RNA) start to break interior of the
of water, making still exist underapart. Also, high solid planets
liquid water certain temperatures cause and moons may
unavailable. conditions. the quick be in this
evaporation of temperature
water. range.
Atmosphere Small planets and Earth and Venus’s Of the solid
Traps heat, moons have Venus are the atmosphere is planets and
shields the insufficient gravity right size to 100 times thicker moons, only
surface from to hold an hold a sufficient than Earth’s. It is Earth, Venus,
harmful atmosphere. The atmosphere. made almost and Titan have
radiation, gas molecules Earth’s entirely of significant
and provides escape to space, atmosphere is greenhouse gasses, atmospheres.
chemicals leaving the planet or about 100 making the surface Mars’
needed for moon without an miles thick. It too hot for life. The atmosphere is
life, such as insulating blanket or keeps the four giant planets about 1/100th
nitrogen and a protective shield. surface warm are completely that of Earth’s,
carbon and protects it made of gas. too small for
dioxide. from radiation significant
and small- to insulation or
medium sized shielding.
meteorites.
Energy When there is too With a steady Light energy is a Surface: The
Organisms little sunlight or too input of either problem if it makes inner planets
use light or few of the light or a planet too hot or if get too much
chemical chemicals that chemical there are too many sunlight for life.
energy to run provide energy to energy, cells harmful rays, such The outer
their life cells, such as iron can run the as ultraviolet. Too planets get too
processes or sulfur, organisms chemical many energy-rich little.
die. reactions chemicals is not a Sub-surface:
necessary for problem Most solid
life. planets and
moons have
energy-rich
chemicals.
Nutrients Without chemicals All solid planets Too many nutrients Surface: Earth
used to build to make proteins and moons are not a problem. has a water
and maintain and carbohydrates, have the same However, too active cycle, an
an organisms cannot general a circulation system, atmosphere,
organism’s grow. Planets chemical such as the and volcanoes
body. without systems to makeup, so constant volcanism to circulate
deliver nutrients to nutrients are on Jupiter’s moon, nutrients.
its organisms (e.g., present. Those Io, or the churning Venus, Titan,
a water cycle or with a water atmospheres of the Io, and Mars
volcanic activity) cycle or gas planets, have nutrients
cannot support life. volcanic activity interferes with an and ways to
Also, when nutrients can transport organism’s ability to circulate them
are spread so thin and replenish get enough to organisms.
that they are hard to the chemicals nutrients.

6|P age
 obtain, such as on a required by Sub-surface:
gas planet, life living Any planet or
cannot exist. organisms. moon with sub-
surface water or
molten rock can
circulate and
replenish
nutrients for
organisms

Write TRUE if the statement is correct. If not, change the underlined word/s to make the statement
correct. Write your answer in a separate sheet.

1. Earth and Mars are the right size to hold a sufficient atmosphere.
2. At about 125oC, protein and carbohydrate molecules, and the genetic material (e.g., DNA and RNA)
start to break apart. Also, high temperatures cause the quick evaporation of water.
3. Nutrients used to build and maintain an organism’s body.
4. All gas planets and moons have the same general chemical makeup, so nutrients are present.
5. Light energy is a problem if it makes a planet too hot or if there are too many harmful rays, such as
ultraviolet.

What I Have Learned

Earth, Venus, and Mars may have similarities: (1) They all are terrestrial planets, made of solid
rocks and silicates; (2) They all have an atmosphere; (3) They all almost have the same time to rotate
on their axes; (4) Earth and Mars both have water; (5) They all have carbon dioxide; and (6 All have
landforms. Earth, Venus, and Mars have differences: (1) Venus has no water; (2) Venus and Mars don’t
have oxygen; and (3) Earth has life forms.

Though Earth is the only known planet in the Solar System that is habitable, scientists are now
looking at possible habitable exoplanets (planets outside the Solar System). A potentially habitable
planet implies a terrestrial planet within the circumstellar habitable zone and with conditions roughly
comparable to those of Earth and thus potentially favorable to Earth-like life.

Factors that Make the Planet Habitable

The right amount of the following factors makes the planet Habitable like Earth.
1. Temperature - Influences how quickly atoms & molecules move
2. Water - Dissolves & transports chemicals within and to and from a cell
3. Atmosphere - Traps heat, shields the surface from harmful radiation, and provides chemicals
needed for life, such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
4. Energy - Organisms use light or chemical energy to run their life processes.
5. Nutrients - Used to build and maintain an organism’s body.
6. Magnetic Field - a planet requires a rapidly rotating magnetic field to protect it from flares from
nearby stars and from harmful radiation

Earth Science
Module 1 Lesson 2
Earth: The Four Subsystems

“We are all connected. To each other, biologically.

To the earth, chemically. To the rest of the universe atomically.”

7|P age
 The quote above is said by Neil DeGrasse Tyson, an American astrophysicist. Do you agree
with him? Why do you think he said that we are all connected? Let us find out as we go through this
module.

What’s In
Our last lesson focused on the uniqueness of Earth being the only known planet in the Solar System
that can support life. Let’s take quick review of the lesson.

Activity 5. Directions: Put a check mark (✓) on the properties that makes Earth a habitable planet
and a cross mark () if not.

Properties (✓) or ()

1. Presence of liquid water
2. Presence of ozone layer in atmosphere
3. Atmosphere made up of methane gas
4. Presence of magnetic field
5. Average temperature of 125°C

What’s New

Activity 6. Word Search

Directions: Find the words listed below. Words may appear straight across, back-word straight
across, up and down. You may encircle the term/s or simply cross it out.

geosphere hydrosphere organism ocean

atmosphere biosphere ecosystem crust

What is It
A system is defined as a set of interconnected components that are interacting to form a unified
whole. The Earth system is essentially a closed system. It receives energy from the sun and returns
some of this energy to space. The Earth has four subsystems: the atmosphere, lithosphere,

8|P age
hydrosphere, and biosphere. Matter and energy move and cycle between the four different subsystems
to make life on Earth possible.

Figure 2. Earth as a system

(Adapted from https://bit.ly/30ALe85)
A. The Atmosphere
• The atmosphere is the thin gaseous layer that envelopes the lithosphere. The present atmosphere is
composed of 78% nitrogen (N2), 21% oxygen (O2), 0.9% argon (Ar), and a trace amount of other gases.
• One of the most important processes by which the heat on the Earth's surface is redistributed is through
atmospheric circulation.
• There is also a constant exchange of heat and moisture between the atmosphere and the hydrosphere
through the hydrologic (water) cycle.
o Features: clouds, weather, aurora, air pollution/aerosols, and so on.

B. The Lithosphere
• The lithosphere (also known as geosphere) includes the rocks of the crust and mantle, the metallic
liquid outer core, and the solid metallic inner core. It also includes geologic landforms such as mountains
and hills.
• Plate Tectonics is an important process that shapes the surface of the Earth.
• The associated features of the geosphere based on types are:
➢ Fluvial & Alluvial processes: deltas, river channels, canyons, alluvial fans
➢ Aeolian processes: sand dunes, yardangs, wind streaks
➢ Tectonic Processes: folds, faults, mountains
➢ Volcanic Processes: volcanoes, central vents, volcanic deposits
➢ Impact Processes: impact craters
➢ Other Processes: mass wasting processes, erosional processes
o Processes: weathering, erosion, mantle convection, volcanic eruption, and so on.

C. The Hydrosphere
• About 70% of the Earth is covered with liquid water (hydrosphere) and much of it is in the form of
ocean water.
• Only 3% of Earth's water is fresh: two-thirds are in the form of ice, and the remaining one-third is
present in streams, lakes, and groundwater.
• The oceans are important sinks for CO2 through a direct exchange with the atmosphere and indirectly
through the weathering of rocks. Heat is absorbed and redistributed on the surface of the Earth through
ocean circulation.
o Features: oceans, icebergs, lakes, rivers, glaciers, snow, and so on.
o Processes: hydrologic cycle (condensation, evaporation), ocean circulation

D. The Biosphere
• The biosphere is the set of all life forms on Earth. It covers all ecosystems - from the soil to the
rainforest, from mangroves to coral reefs, and from the plankton-rich ocean surface to the deep sea.
o Features: coastal biomes, forests, desert, grasslands, and other ecosystems.
o Processes: photosynthesis, biogeochemical cycles (carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle)

9|P age
 What’s More
Activity 7. Label Me
Directions: Using the figure on the right, describe how energy (solar energy from the sun) and matter
(water) are exchanged among the subsystems. Label the subsystems then use arrows to indicate the
cycle of water in the subsystems. Indicate also the different processes involve in the water cycle.

Figure 3. (Adapted from https://tinyurl.com/y59r)

Activity 8. Matching Type

Directions: Match Column A (Description) with Column B (Earth’s Sphere) then match
Column B with Column C (Process that happens in a specific Earth sphere). Write only the letter of
the correct answer. Example: 1. B – Z

Column A Column B Column C

1. It is a thin gaseous layer composed A. biosphere Z. atmospheric
of 78% N, 21% O, 0.9% Ar and other circulation
trace gases
2. It is the set of all life forms on Earth B. atmosphere Y. erosion,
which covers all ecosystems. weathering
3. It is the solid portions of Earth C. hydrosphere X. photosynthesis
including the crust, mantle and core.
4. It is the combined mass of water D. lithosphere W. evaporation,
found on, under, and above the ocean
surface. circulation

What I Have Learned

Activity 9. Interconnected

Earth system is essentially a closed system

where it receives energy from the sun and returns
some of this energy to space. In contrast, the four
spheres of Earth (geosphere, biosphere, atmosphere
and atmosphere) are considered open systems where
both matter and energy can flow across the boundaries.
These systems are all interconnected as shown in the
diagram.

10 | P a g e
For example, connection no. 1 shows how atmosphere is related to the biosphere. One explanation is
that the atmospheric chemistry and temperature (atmosphere)
affect organisms (biosphere). Letter A is done for you.
Explanation
_____ A. Atmospheric chemistry and temperature affect organisms
_____ B. Weathering and erosion controls nutrient supply to life in the oceans
_____ C. Atmospheric temperature affects evaporation
_____ D. Locations of continents controls circulation pattern of oceans
_____ E. Plants aid weathering (physical and chemical) of rocks
_____ F. Atmospheric chemistry and temperature affect weathering of rocks
_____ G. Plants control water transfer from soil to atmosphere
_____ H. Volcanic eruptions add carbon dioxide and aerosols to atmosphere
_____ I. Photosynthesis affects atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration
_____ J. Soil water limits plant growth
_____ K. Ocean circulation controls how much CO2 is removed from atmosphere
_____ L. Rainfall and runoff erode the land surface

What I Can Do
Activity 10: Creative Output (Poster – Performance Task)
Directions: Illustrate the four subsystems of the earth. You may use any art materials that you can use.
You can even use recyclable materials, indigenous materials, coffee or plant extracts to color, or any
available materials that you can use to express your creativity. Use a separate sheet, preferably one
(1) long bondpaper only. The best output will receive a prize. (teacher’s discretion)

Criteria:
· Neatness - 15%
· Concept / Relevance to the Topic - 45%
· Creativity - 40%

Earth Science
Module 1 Lesson 3
Rock – Forming Minerals

Minerals make up the rocks beneath your feet, the soil that supports plants, and the deep rock
of Earth’s mantle. Any thorough study of Earth must include an understanding of minerals. But it is not
sufficient to study minerals isolated from the rest of the planet. Rather we can learn more by observing
the ways that minerals interact with other Earth systems.

11 | P a g e
 What’s In
Activity 11. Directions: From the given picture, identify which belongs to what SPHERE. Write as
many as you have observed. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
example: rocks - lithosphere

(photo credits: Ruth Lauron)

What’s New
Directions: Unscramble the words below in order to form the correct Science concept.

building are the rocks minerals of blocks basic

Answer: ____________________________________________

What is It
Minerals are naturally occurring, (not man-made or machine-generated) inorganic, (not a byproduct of
living things) solid with an orderly crystalline structure and a definite chemical composition. Minerals are
the basic building blocks of rocks.
A. Physical Properties
• Color – The color of a mineral depends on the elements which constitute the crystal lattice
– the arrangement of atoms, or groups of atoms, in a specific pattern and with high
symmetry. The reflection of certain wavelengths of light by the crystal lattice results
in the color perceived by the observer.
• Streak – refers to the color of the mineral in its powdered form
• Luster – refers to the relative differences in the opacity and transparency of a mineral as light is
reflected on its surface. This describes the “sparkles” of the mineral surfaces.
• Specific gravity – refers to the ratio of the weight of the mineral of the water with an equal volume.
This parameter indicates how many times more the mineral weighs compared to an equal amount of
water.
• Hardness – refers to the measure of the resistance of a surface to abrasions or scratches. It is
generally measured using the Mohs Scale of Hardness.
• Cleavage – refers to the tendency of the mineral to be split or broken along flat surfaces
• Fracture – refers to the texture or shape of the mineral’s surface when the mineral breaks into forms
other than flat surfaces
• Tenacity – refers to the behavior of the mineral under deformation or stress such as cutting, crushing,
bending, or hitting.
• Crystal habit – refers to the growth crystal pattern of a mineral as single or aggregated
B. Chemical Properties
• Solubility – refers to the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent at a specified temperature.
• Melting point – refers to the temperature at which solid turns into liquid. Minerals composed of atoms
that are tightly bonded within the crystal structure have high melting points

12 | P a g e
 Although there are thousands of mineral, only very few groups are involved in rock-formation.
Major rock-forming minerals are feldspar, quartz, micas, pyroxene, olivine, calcite and dolomite.

What’s More

Directions: Use table salt or halite to demonstrate the different mineral properties. You may choose
your answer from the list below. Write the letter only.
A. Salty taste; very soluble; produces reddish spark in flame D. Light (2.2)
B. Non-metallic – vitreous; transparent to translucent E. Soft (2-2.5)
C. Cubic F. White
D. Perfect Cubic G. NaCl

What I Have Learned

Pyrite exhibits gold color but Mica crystal can be peel

has a black or dark gray like layers of onion
streak.
Also known as fool’s gold.
https://tinyrituals.co/blogs/tiny- www.mineralseducation
coalition.org
rituals/pyrite-meaning-healing-
properties-everyday-uses

Diamond has a scale of

Quartz creates smooth,
10 in the Mohs Scale of
curved surfaces
Hardness

www.geology.com
https://m.mineral.net/min
eral/diamond.aspx

Feldspar mostly found in

igneous rocks

www.mineralseducationcoalition.org

Directions: Identify what is being referred to. Write the letter of the correct answer.
A. Hardness C. Streak E. Cleavage
B. Fracture D. Luster

1. Refers to the measure of the resistance of a surface to abrasions or scratches. It is generally

measured using the Mohs Scale of Hardness.
2. Refers to the color of the mineral in its powdered form
3. This describes the “sparkles” of the mineral surfaces.
4. Refers to the tendency of the mineral to be split or broken along flat surfaces
13 | P a g e
5. Refers to the texture or shape of the mineral’s surface when the mineral breaks into forms other than
flat surfaces

What I Can Do
As a student, how can you help in conserving and preserving the natural sources of these rock-
forming minerals? (Answers should not be more than 10 sentences)

Assessment

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What makes planet Earth habitable?
A. It has comfortable distance from the sun.
B. It has atmosphere that protects from radiation.
C. The atmosphere holds carbon dioxide and other gases.
D. All of the above
2. Which of the following best describes the surface of the planet Earth?
A. a thick layer of hydrogen gas
B. cloudy and hot with lots of volcano
C. cold, rocky, and covered with red dust
D. mostly water surface with some areas of land
3. Earth is said to be a unique planet. Which answer verifies the statement?
A. It supports life. C. Its atmosphere is mostly nitrogen and oxygen.
B. It is mostly covered in water. D. All of the above
4. What characteristics does the Earth have to maintain an organism’s body to survive?
A. Earth has a water cycle and atmosphere
B. Earth has volcanic activities to circulate nutrients.
C. Earth has sub-surface water or molten rock that can circulate and replenish nutrients
for organisms.
D. All of the above
5. Which distinct characteristic made Earth different from any other planet?
A. It is the only rocky planet.
B. It is the only planet that turns around in space.
C. It is the only planet that has a large amount of liquid water.
D. It is the only planet that changes its structure
6. Which biophysical component of earth is composed of all the living organisms on earth,
including those in land, water, and air?
A. biosphere B. atmosphere C. geosphere D. hydrosphere

7. The most abundant gas in the atmosphere.

A. Nitrogen B. Oxygen C. Helium D. Hydrogen
8. Which of the following is NOT a component of the geosphere?
A. valleys B. volcanoes C. glaciers D. mountains
9. Which of the following best illustrates the interaction between hydrosphere and atmosphere?
A. Flowing lava C. Boy catching fish
B. Falling leaves D. Evaporating water

14 | P a g e
10. What can you infer from the illustration below about the four spheres of Earth?
A. The processes in the Earth’s sphere are unidirectional processes.
B. The atmosphere regulates all the processes on the other spheres.
C. The four spheres of Earth are interconnected and interrelated.
D. This cannot be answered since the information is incomplete.

11. Pyrite is a yellowish mineral that looks like gold and is commonly called fool’s gold. What is the
property of mineral exhibited by pyrite wherein it reflects light and with a metallic Look?
A. Color B. Hardness C. Luster D. Streak
12. Quartz can break other than along planes of cleavage. What property of minerals is shown in this
situation?
A. Cleavage B. Fracture C. Hardness D. Streak
13. Some minerals like mica has surfaces with planes of weak bonds in the crystals. Thus, its crystals
can be peeled like layers of onion. What is the property exhibited by mica?
A. Cleavage B. Fracture C. Hardness D. Tenacity
14. In its powdered form, the mineral hematite is reddish. Which mineral property is best described?
A. Color B. Hardness C. Luster D. Streak
15. During the 1800’s, miners can identify real gold from pyrite through biting the surface of the mineral.
If a bite mark is exhibited, then the said mineral is considered real gold. What property is tested in this
scenario?
A. Cleavage B. Hardness C. Luster D. Streak

15 | P a g e
References
Aborde, Joni S. 2020. Earth and Life Science, Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1- Module 3: Rock-
forming Minerals. Region V: Department of Education.Bicol

Barnal, Rhona Tessa T. 2020. Earth and Life Science, Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1- Module
1:The Earth as a Unique Planet. Region V: Department of Education.Bicol

Jacinto, Josephine P. 2020. Earth and Life Science, Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1- Module 3:
Minerals. Region IV-A: Department of Education.CALABARZON

Mahinog, Rosabelle N. 2020. Earth and Life Science, Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1- Week 1-
Module 1: Wow! Earth-terrific!. National Capital Region: Department of Education.City of Manila

Mahinog, Rosabelle N. 2020. Earth and Life Science, Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1- Week 1-
Module 2: Earth-terrific! Systematic!. National Capital Region: Department of Education.City of Manila

Mercado, Rochelle M. 2020. Earth and Life Science, Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 1- Module 1:
Origin and Structure of the Earth (Planet Earth). Region IV-A: Department of Education.CALABARZON

Commission on Higher Education. Teaching Guide for Senior High School Earth and Life Science (2016)
Commission on Higher Education

Learning Activity Sheets in Earth and Life Science (Grade 11) – Quarter 1.2020. Division of Bohol

www.geology.com

https://m.mineral.net/mineral/diamond.aspx

www.mineralseducationcoalition.org

https://tinyrituals.co/blogs/tiny-rituals/pyrite-meaning-healing-properties-everyday-uses

For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Bohol

Office Address: 0050 Lino Chatto Drive, Brgy. Cogon, Tagbilaran City, Bohol
Telephone Nos.: (038) 412-4938; (038) 411-2544; (038) 501-7550
Telefax: (038) 501-7550
E-mail Address: [email protected]

16 | P a g e