Also known as a digital revolution, a computer revolution is a point in time at which computers make a

significant change to human civilization. There's been roughly four computer revolutions over the last
century, each of which are described below.

Computer revolutions

Each computer revolution can be defined by the specific technology it introduced. Below is a breakdown
of each major revolution and the decade it took place.

The advent of the integrated circuit in the 1960s led to the modern PC, helping businesses and
communications companies around the globe.

In the 1980s, the personal computer came into being. It allowed home users to increase their education,
productivity, and entertainment.

In the 1990s, the third revolution started when the Internet was introduced. This allowed almost every
computer in the world to communicate with one another.

Modern mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, were invented in the 2000s, adapting the
functionality of computers to a smaller, portable form factor.

Three components form the basic computer structure and function. These three components are input
devices, the control processing unit (CPU), and output devices. The central processing unit (CPU) can
also be divided into two parts that form the basic structure of computers. These two parts are the
arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and the control unit (CU). The control unit is responsible for controlling CPU
operations. The arithmetic logic unit is responsible for processing data functions.

Structure of computer

All computer types have the same basic computer structure and function. They all follow basic
operations. These operations are responsible for converting raw input data into some information that is
useful for the users of computers. This basic structure includes an input unit, CPU (central processing
unit), and output unit.

Input unit

Input units are the components or devices of the computer by which we can enter any data into the
computer. Input devices are responsible for translating all the information that we add to the computer
into a form only understood by the computer. All computer types have an input unit.

The central processing unit (CPU)

The central processing unit or CPU is known as the computer’s brain. The CPU plays an important role in
forming the basic structure of computers. CPU. It does all the data operations. The CPU is responsible
for storing data, intermediating results, and instructions of programs. The central processing unit
controls the operations of every part of the computer.
A CPU has three components. These three components are

1. Control unit
2. The memory unit
3. ALU or arithmetic logic unit

Output unit

The device that helps us get all the required information from the computer is known as the output unit.
The output unit acts as a linkage between users as well as computers. Output devices are responsible for
translating the computer’s output into a form that is understandable by the users.

Operations Description of operations

Processing data operation This is the process in which operations like logical
operations as well as arithmetic operations are
performed. They convert all the required data
into useful information.

Store data operation In this process, data and instructions are stored
so that they are available or present during
processing if required.
Control the workflow operation Control of the workflow means the direction of
the manner as well as the sequence in which all
the operations are performed and used.
Output information operation This is the process in which all the useful
information is produced. All this information or
results are produced in such a way that they are
in the form of a visual display or a printed report.

Memory unit

Another important component of all computer types is the memory unit. A memory unit is a place
where all the data, such as programs as well as files, are stored. It becomes easy as well as quick for a
CPU to access all the information through the memory unit.
Two types of memory units are main. These two types are RAM or random-access memory and ROM or
read-only memory.

RAM is responsible for storing data when used, whereas ROM is responsible for retaining data when
power is not provided. The type of memory and the size of memory determines the performance of the
system of computers. They also form the basic structure of computers. How quickly a program can be
loaded is also based on the memory unit. It is important to have enough RAM because of all the projects
and changes made on them.

Control unit

Everybody knows of the central processing unit (CPU), but there is one more component that affects the
processing of data. This unit is known as the control unit. The control unit does not receive any form of
input from users; rather, it is responsible for sending commands to other computer components, for
example, the instruction decoder and register. The computer’s control unit highly affects everything that
happens inside the computer.

It handles everything from the execution of instructions to the running of programs. The control unit
does not have any physical form, but still, it forms the basic structure of a computer.

Top 10 Most Common Computer Problems

Although most complex computer issues at work can often be solved by the business IT support team,
there are many other small, but common, issues that occur on a regular basis on a personal computer.
The good news is that many problems with computers have simple solutions, and learning to recognize a
problem and fix it yourself will save you a lot of time and money. The following are the top 10 common
computer problems that you shouldn’t panic over.

1. The Computer Won’t Start

A computer that suddenly shuts off or has difficulty starting up could have a failing power supply. Check
that the computer is plugged into the power point properly and, if that doesn’t work, test the power
point with another working device to confirm whether or not there is adequate power.

2. The Screen is Blank

If the computer is on but the screen is blank, there may be an issue with the connection between the
computer and the screen. First, check to see if the monitor is plugged into a power point and that the
connection between the monitor and computer hard drive is secure. If the problem is on a laptop, then
you may need to get a professional to fix it as some of the internal wires may be worn.

3. Abnormally Functioning Operating System or Software

If the operating system or other software is either unresponsive or is acting up, then try restarting your
computer and run a virus scan. To avoid having this happen, install reliable anti-virus software.
4. Windows Won’t Boot

If you are having troubles booting Windows, then you may have to reinstall it with the Windows
recovery disk.

5. The Screen is Frozen

When your computer freezes, you may have no other option than to reboot and risk losing any unsaved
work. Freezes can be a sign of insufficient ram, registry conflicts, corrupt or missing files, or spyware.
Press and hold the power button until the computer turns off, then restart it and get to work cleaning up
the system so that it doesn’t freeze again.

6. Computer is Slow

If your computer is slower than normal, you can often fix the problem simply by cleaning the hard disk
of unwanted files. You can also install a firewall, anti-virus and anti-spyware tools, and schedule regular
registry scans. External hard drives are great storage solutions for overtaxed CPUs, and will help your
computer run faster.

7. Strange Noises

A lot of noise coming from your computer is generally a sign of either hardware malfunction or a noisy
fan. Hard drives often make noise just before they fail, so you may want to back up information just in
case, and fans are very easy to replace.

8. Slow Internet

To improve your Internet browser performance, you need to clear cookies and Internet temporary files
frequently. In the Windows search bar, type ‘%temp%’ and hit enter to open the temporary files folder.

9. Overheating

If a computer case lacks a sufficient cooling system, then the computer’s components may start to
generate excess heat during operation. To avoid your computer burning itself out, turn it off and let it
rest if it’s getting hot. Additionally, you can check the fan to make sure it’s working properly.

10. Dropped Internet Connections

Dropped Internet connections can be very frustrating. Often the problem is simple and may be caused
by a bad cable or phone line, which is easy to fix. More serious problems include viruses, a bad network
card or modem, or a problem with the driver.