SAM HIGGINBOTTOM INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE

TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCES.

COURSE CODE:
LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SERVICES
Assignment on
KNOWLEDGE

Submitted to :- Submitted by :-
Dr.manisha srivatsav , Bhavi Ahlawat
Library (22MSAHV091)

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PREFACE
This project of ‘KNOWLEDGE’of gives us the
complete information the knowledge.
Knowledge, bring central for business agility and
innovation, is a multifaceted phenomenon. It is
bound to people as well as manifest in
organizations. As such, it has to be considered
from various perspectives.
Throughout the project the focus has been on
presenting information and comments in an easy
and intelligible manner. The project is very useful
for those who want to know about knowledge.
In the last, we greatfully acknowledge and express
our gratitude to all friends who supported us in
preparing this project.

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OBJECTIVES
 Gives the meaning of
knowledge
 Defines knowledge
 Lists the types of knowledge
 States the theories of
knowledge
 Explains the facets of
knowledge.

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Meaning OF knowledge

Knowledge is a familiarity, aware

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Definition Of Knowledge

Plato defined knowledge as

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Meaning of Epistemology
-Branch of philosophy which
studies the relationship between
acquisition of knowledge and the
knowledge thus acquired.
-Invoves in investigating
a) The development of human
knowledge, its nature
limitations
b) The ways of knowing as well
as discriminating the truth
from the false and speculations.

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Epistemological
Conceptions Of
Knowledge

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Knowledge For Practice
-Among those we have learnt, what we
apply in our life constitute our knowledge.
-Example
Knowledge of teaching acquired by a
teacher.

Knowledge In Practice
-Actions are more important than thoughts.
-when man reacts with the are more
important
environment, he gets experiences.
-Action is the pre-runner for knowledge.
-Learning by doing is the appropriate
method.

Knowledge Of Practice
-Importance too applications of knowledge.
-Knowledge is growing and expanding
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-Existing knowledge to be applied to new
situations.
-Knowledge is that which leads to further
knowledge.

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Types Of Knowledge
(depending on nature)

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1.Apriori Knowledge
• Apriori means “from the earlier”.
• It implies that a person can derive
knowledge from the world without
needing to experience it.
• Deductive reasoning forms the
basis for arriving conclusions
• Idealism gives prominence.
2.Aposteriori Knowledge
• Aposteriori means “from the
latter”.
• Gain experience through senses
and subject them to logical
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reasoning(inductive reasoning)and
reflection to derive
understanding(Conclusion).
• Naturalists and Pragmatists
accept this.
3.Explicit Knowledge
• More formal and reliable.
• Knowledge that is recorded and
communicated through media like
libraries and databases.

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4.Tacit Knowledge
• Facial expressions, body
movements and gestures, body
language etc. may communicate
information.
• Knowledge thus communicated
non-verbally is TK.
• Opposite to Explicit knowledge
(EK)
•EK is easily transferable and TK ia
almost impossible to be
communicated.

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5.Propositional Knowledge
• Known as “Descriptive “ or
“Declarative Knowledge”.
• EK is propositional knowledge
• PK is one which can be literally
expressed in propositions.
• It is knowledge of something and
not about how to do something .

• For example, you can learn to

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6.Non-Propositional
Knowledge
• Also known as Procedural
Knowledge.
• Opposite to Propositional
Knowledge.
• Used or applied in specific
problems and situations.
• Gives the rules and guidelines for
initiating legal action, conducting
functions and dealing with
administrative problems.

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Theories Of Knowledge

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1.Empirical Knowledge
• Developed through observation
or experiment.
• Uses inductive approach in
reasoning.
2.Idealism
• Knowledge is primarily acquired
by apriori process
• For example in the form of
concepts not derived from
experiments.

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3.Rationalism
• Primary importance to thinking
and reasoning
• Oppose all forms of superstitious
and baseless stories.

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 Ways Of Gaining
Knowledge

With passage of time…..

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Areas Of Knowledge

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Facets Of Knowledge
1. Knowledge as Participation
• Cleaning the neighbourhood
• Home visits to educate young mothers
• Visiting hospitals
• Joining in adult literacy campaigns.
2. Knowledge as content
• What is taught in educational institutions as
outlined by curriculum, syllabus,
textbooks/reference books
• Progress in learning periodically assessed by
oral, written or practical tests.
3. Knowledge as Relation
•Knowledge and learning are related. By
relating what one learns now, what he has

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already learnt, his knowledge gets
restructured and refined.
• Knowledge and experience are related.
What, when and how to learn and the
interaction between knowledge and
experience goes on.

Facets of Knowledge-
Sources
1. Local and Universal
# Expertise in local history
# Problems of people living in the locality
# Resources available for development
# Socio economic data are necessary.
# Feel of ground realities.
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2. Concrete and Abstract #
Knowledge about things that actually exist
now or existed earlier and are factually found
to be correct are concrete knowledge. #
Things which derive meaning , not through
our sensory experiences but from thinking
and reasoning are called abstract things.
3.Practical and Theoretical Knowledge
# Taking the shortest route from place A to
Place B is concerned with practical matters.
# Theoretical propositions like ‘Total
prohibition', 'removing Social imbalances’ can
be discussed but not demonstrated before
any audience.
4. Contextual and Textual

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# Context means circumstances in which
something happens or in which something
has to be considered.
# Texts provide lot of information. Text books
provide graded information in a language
style for a particular group taking into
consideration, the physical and mental
abilities and psychological needs.

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Forms Of Knowledge

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Sensory Knowledge
• Knowledge acquired through sense
perceptions
• It need not be always true.
For example,
To our senses it may appear that sun rises in
the morning and sets in the evening daily
which is not true. According to science, sun
rise and sunset are caused by the rotation of
earth around the sun and not by the
movement of sun.

Experiential Knowledge
When sense perceptions are stored in mind
as images and applied in thinking whenever
need arises, such kind of knowledge acquired
is called ‘ Experiential knowledge’
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Demonstrative Knowledge
When we perceive the agreement or
disagreement between two ideas or events
indirectly through a series of intermediate
ideas.
• For example, when we are unable to find a
relationship between A and c, we may find it
indirectly trough the use of B, which may
have relations to both A and C. If A is greater
than B, and B is greater than C, then we know
demonstratively A is greater than C .

Logical Knowledge
When knowledge is acquired
through the use of inductive and
deductive reasoning, that
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knowledge is known as logical
knowledge.

Intuitive Knowledge
 When the mind transcends the sensory
perceptions and intellectual reasoning and
gets deeply absorbed in the highest level of
consciousness enabling us to understand
situations, people’s feelings or
agreement/disagreement of two ideas etc.
Immediately without the need for conscious
reasoning or study, it is called intuition .

Revealed Knowledge
Knowledge that is beyond human
experiences and revealed by God or the

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Almighty to sages and saints or messiahs
constitute Revealed knowledge.
• Example, Vedas, Bible, kuran .

Digital Knowledge
Texts and documents stored in the digital
form and is accessible to computers
represent digital Knowledge.
Developing the skills required to access such
information constitutes digital knowledge.

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 Differences Among
DATA
INORMATION
KNOWLEDGE
WISDOM
Data
Sense perceptions regarding objects,
personsor events are recorded in the mind in
the form of data.
Each small bit of information about a thing
recorded in the mind is called datum.

Information
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 Information refers to data that has been
given some meaning by way of reflection/
connection. In computing terms, it is the data
that has been processed.
When data arranged sequentially with a
purpose it reveals some meaningful
information.

Knowledge
If we examine the relations among data it
yields information. If the information are
processed with some purpose, we get
knowledge.

Wisdom
• Wisdom is the fitting application of
knowledge.

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• For example, knowledge understands that
light has turned red in the traffic signal post.
wisdom applies the brake of the car
• Knowledge can exist without wisdom, but
not the other way around.
• Knowledge is knowing how use the gun.
•Wisdom is knowing when to use it and when
to keep it hoisted.

THANK YOU.

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