DATA LOGGER

SEMINAR REPORT

BY

KANDE LAHARI
(19UP1A0415)

DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

VIGNAN’S INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND

TECHNOLOGY FOR WOMEN
(Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University)
Kondapur (V), Ghatkesar (M), Medchal – Malkajgiri (Dt),
Telangana 501301
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express sincere gratitude to my seminar guide Mr.Vijaykumar R. Urkude , Associate
Professor , Department of Electronics and Communication engineering , Vignan’s Institute of
Management and Technology for women, JNTU Hyderabad for his timely cooperation and valuable
suggestions throughout the seminar. I am indebted to him for the opportunity given to work under
his guidance.

I would like to thank Mrs.Sushmitha , Assistant Professor , Department of Electronics and

Communication engineering for guiding me and clearing mydoubts on this topic Data Logger.
I would also like to thank Mr.P.Hari Krishna , Head of the department , Electronics and
Communication Engineering for providing me with constant encouragement and resources which
helped me to complete the seminar in time.

I would also like to thank Dr.G.Apparao Naidu, Principal for the constantcooperation all through.

My sincere thanks to all the teaching and non-teaching staff of Department of Electronics
and Communication Engineering for their supportthroughout my seminar work.

BY
K.Lahari (19UP1A0415)
 Abstract
This paper describes a brief introduction about data logger system. A datalogger is an electronic device that
combines analog and digital measurements with programming methodology to sense temperature, relative
humidity and other parameters such as voltage and pulse. The data loggers take input from the thermocouple
temperature and humidity and other sensors. Knowledge of temperature and relative humidity course during
a certain time is needed in scientific,medical and industrial applications. For retrieval of this information
from various devices such as manual readings, chart recorders or data loggers can be used.

A data logger (also data logger or data recorder) is an electronic device that records data over time or in
relation to location either with a built in instruments or sensors or via external instruments and sensors.
Increasingly, but not entirely, they are based on a digital processor (or computer). They generally small, battery
powered, are portable,and equipped with a microprocessor, internal memory for data storage, and sensors.

Electronic data loggers have replaced chart recorders in many applications. One of the primary benefits of
using data loggers is the ability to automatically collect data ona 24-hour basis. Upon activation, data loggers
are typically deployed and left unattended to measure and record information for the duration of the
monitoring period. This allows for a comprehensive, accurate picture of the environmental conditions being
monitored, such as air temperature and relative humidity.

Keywords: Data logger ,Sensors

 Table of contents Page No
1. Literature survey 1
2. Introduction 1
3. Data Logger 2
4. Types of data loggers 2
5. Block diagram 3
6. Advantages of data loggers 4
7. Technical specifications of data loggers 4
8. Main features of data loggers 5
9. Network management of data loggers 5
10. Network diagram 6
11. Classification of NMDL 6
12. Features of NMDL 7
13. Backup facility 13
14. Power supply monitering system 13
15. Maintenance 13
16. Applications 14
17. Examples 15
18. Future direction 15
19. Conclusion 16
20. Bibliography 17
21. Webliography 17
 1

Literature Survey :

Data logger is an electronic device that automatically records, scan and retrieves the data with heigh speed and
greater during a test or measurement, at any part of the plant with time. Data logger is a portable acquisition
system of humidity and temperature data. The system can be connected with host by USB interface.
The survey has firstly done on wireless technologies to establish a wireless sensor network. The importance of
weather monitoring is existed in many aspects. It is the future technology of connecting the entire world at one
place. The system provides alow power solution for establishing a wire station.
A simple GUI has been designed with the help of that we are capable to store a logged data to a text file so that
it can be analyzed further. The developed system is successful in measuring the temperature, humidity, and
concentration of CO and CO2 gases. Initial results are encouraging.

Introduction:
A data logger is an electronic instrument that records measurements of temperature, relative humidity, light
intensity, voltage, pressure, on/off and open/closed state changes etc. over time. Typically, data loggers are
small battery-powered devices that are equipped with a microprocessor, memory for data storage and sensors.
Most data loggers interface with a PC and utilize software to activate the logger and view/analyze the collected
data.Data-logging implies data collection with storage for later data processing. A data-logging system has three
main components: an interface to link to a computer, sensors and software.
Data loggers are typically compact, battery-powered deedeviceequipped with an
internal microprocessor, data store and one or more sensors. They can be deployed indoors, outdoors, and
underwater, and can record data for up to months at a time, unattended.The sensors may be either analogue or
digital. If they take analogue readings, an Analogue to Digital Converter (ADC) will be needed to convert the
signal into digital data which the computer can understand.A data logger may be a single-unit, stand-alone
device with internal sensors, which fits in the palm of a hand, or it may be a multi-channel data collection
instrument equipped with one or more external sensors.
 DATA LOGGER 2

The process of using a computer to collect data through sensor , analyze the data and savethe data is
called data logging and the instrument used in this called data loggers . Data logger is microprocessor-based
system, which logs the information about the relays, which are connected to the data logger . Data logger
monitors and records all activities and event in the signalling system of a railway station.

Data logger acts like a “black box”, which can scan, store and process the data for generating
various user-friendly reports. It is also knows as “event logger.”With the help of data logger and the
feedback given by the staff, actual position of system can be verified. Adjusted parameters can be
viewed.
The logged information is conveyed in the form of “information packets” to the computer. The
packets are sent in till the next data logger gives the acknowledgement of receipt of packet. The data
can be sent either in single direction, BI-direction or in all direction. A data logger has a capacity to
store 1.7 lakhs events. When a large amount of data is received, the old data will be erased on first–in–
first-out basis.

Data logger can work as a single data logger for a particular RRI/PI.

The individual data loggers of various stations can be interconnected through networking
technology. Due to networking feature, the data of remote terminal units or remote panel stations can
be viewed. For away places where round the clock staff is available like S&T control/ rest room.

Types of Data Loggers

1.USB data loggers
It is compact, reusable, and portable, and offer low cost and easy setup and deployment.
It is plugged directly into a USB port on a PC for configuration and data downloading.

2. BLUETOOTH LOGGERS
It is compact, reusable, portable, easy to set up and deploy, and transmit data wirelessly to mobile devices over a 100-foot
range.
It is used in limited access areas

3. WEB-BASED DATA LOGGERS

It is remote, around-the-clock, internet-based access to data via cellular, WI-FI, or Ethernet communications

4. WIRELESS SENSORS
It transmits real-time data from dozens of points to a central computer or gateway.
It reduces manual retrievation of data
 3

1. INPUT SCANNER
It selects particular signal turn by turn to be recorded and stored and sends the signal to
signal amplifier and conditioner. It acts as a multiway switch
2. . INPUT
It is signal produced by instruments like transducer (high level), thermocouple (low level), ac
signal, on/off signal etc.
3. SIGNAL AMPLIFIER AND CONDITIONER
Amplifier amplifies the low level poor output signal of scanner and conditioner converts
non-linear signal into linear
4. ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER (ADC OR A/D)
The output of signal amplifier and conditioner is converted into digital format from analog
one which is stored in
5. REAL TIME CLOCK
It divides time into discrete form for effective storation of data in particular time. It also
maintain sequence of operation at interval set by
6. PROGRAMMER
It is the control center of logger which directs other components for manupulation of
respective signals and their operations
7. RECORDER
It consists of recording instruments like computer, memory etc. which records electrical
and non electrical quantities as function of time
 4

Advantage of data logger:

1.Real cause of failure can be identified. Staff can not hide the cause.

2. Failure of intermittent nature can be identified in first attempt only. So staff time can be
saved as they observing such failure for its repetition for a long period. For major
detention of failure many times staffs are advised to observe faults during round the
clock..
3. Enquiry is easy in case of unusual/ dispute case.

4. Failure restoration time can be reduced with the help available i.e. analog and digital
inputs.
5. Signalling system will be more reliable as many failures can be saved on checking the
analog inputs and taking the corrective measure on time
6. Preventive/ needless maintenance can be done. Following problems can be
identified

Technical specifications of data logger

The data logger has

• 32 bit motorola 68000 microprocessor.
• Seven segment display for displaying the current time in hh:mm:ss format.
2x24 liquid crystal display (LCD) screen for displaying the status of Dgital
/analog signals, time & temperature etc.
• 3x4 numeric keyboard to carryout various functions by viewing necessary
parameters on LCD screen.
• Two sets of three 4- male fdc connectors are provided for power supply at the
backside of the data logger.
• Using eight 37 –pin male d-connectors,256 digital inputs are connected
internally through internal stack cards.
Main Feature of Data Logger 5

• Scanning of digital inputs

• Scanning of digital inputs after every 20 milli. seconds.
1. Each input is optically isolated.
2. Each scanner card can support 256 inputs.
• Every input requires a current of 10 ma.
• FIFO logic implemented for data being stored in the memory.
• After successful diagnosis, time is displayed on the seven segment in the
following format- hh:mm:ss ( hours, minutes and seconds)
• After scanning, the data is processed and various reports can generated bydata
logger or data can be updated to the computer.
• Necessary parameters in the LCD panel .
a) setting of time
b) page display
c) status of digital signal
d) fault q
e) printer/buzzer

Network Management of Data Loggers (NMDL) Software:

To get on line information sent by individual data
loggers placed at different stations of the network and to effectively manage the
communication between the networked data loggers.
Purpose :
• To receive data from Data Logger network
• To process the Data Logger wise data in sequence for
a)Real Time Mimic of Station Layout
b)Real Time Signalling System failure alarms
c)To avail Remote monitor & control of assets like
d)Data Loggers
e)Relay Huts
f)Modems
g)To Log Data Logger wise data in Data Base.
• To analyze the Unusual occurances, for appropriate decission making.
 6
Data logger Network :

Classification of NMDL Modules :

NMDL Modules have been classified as :
1. Configuring Modules
• Fault Entry
• Fault Entry for Signaling Monitoring
• Track Editor
2. Processing Modules
• NMDL
3. Analysing Modules
• Reports
• Off Line Simulation
4. Utility Modules
• Auto Back Up (Oracle)
• Extract DB
• VoltTimeP
• NMDL Test Protocol
Configuring Modules - Fault Entry 7
Configuring Modules - Fault Entry for Signal Monitoring 8
Processing Modules – NMDL 9

Features:

1. Product Health Indication like

• SSI Health
• Digital Stack Card Status
• Nand Flash Health
• Safety Point Health
2. Network Monitoring System for easy Maintenance of Data loggerNetwork
3. Signaling Monitoring Application
4. On-line Asset-Failure Alarms
5. On-line Yard Simulation
6. Supports Oracle, Inter base data bases.
7. This data can be useful in other applications like
• Train Charting
• Train Information Management System
8. Auto Time Synchronization
Network Monitoring Features

1. Status display of Sub Systems and Failure Details.

• Modem Link Status
• Healthiness of data flow in each direction
• Data Logger / Relay Hut status
• FEP Status
• CMU and Server status
• LAN Status

2. Restoration of Network Failures from Central Location.

• Modem Reset
• Data Logger / RTU Time Setting
• Getting old data from data logger to central location
• Blocking of redundant data after restoration of data path after failure
Signaling Monitoring Features 10

1. Status display of Sub Systems and Failure Details.

2. Relay Room Door Status

3. SM Key Status

4. Power Supply Status

5. Data Logger, Relay Hut, LC Gate, IB status

6. Modem Link Status

7. Block Section Status

8. Healthiness of data flow in each direction

9. .Equipment Failure Details

10. Unacknowledged confirmed Fault Count

11. Magnifier option

12. FEP Status

13. CMU and Server status

Signalling Monitoring Faults: 11
Processing modules features 12
• Auto SMS of Asset Failure.
• Auto Mailing Facility of Asset-Failure Reports
• Display of real time line occupancy and signal status of yards in a section forController.
• NMDL can act like an FEP and sends received data to a remote system through E1
modems.Instant SMS.
Reports
a. Log of events Report
• Digital
• Analog
b. Relay Report
Analysing Modules - Off Line Simulation
 Backup facility : 13

This software which is in built in NMDL( network) management of data loggers) takes the
backup of data that is logged by data loggers automatically soon after the size of database
exceeds its limit( as specified by user) and stores it in permanent storage devices like CD or
ZIP drives.
1. Daily backup
To move data from Main user to Back up user
2. Periodical backup
To save Back up user data as files
Power Supply Monitoring System
• Monitors, Stores the status of power supply to a central place.
• Gives bird's eye-view of all stations power & power equipment status at easymonitoring-
reduces MTTR.
• Long term data analysis of power supply & equipment status leads to actions forincrease of
MTBF of power equipment.

Maintenance
Daily check of data logger by ESM on duty .Check the LED position of both side modems.
CD,REL,COM-LED should continue glow - Normal condition TD & RD LED should
blink (flickering) - Normal condition

a. If LED’s status is different then reset the modem by pressing the reset button.

b. If status of LED’s not changed then put off the modem supply, wait for few
minutes and put on the supply of modem.

c. If LED’s are still not blinkingthen repeat the position of LED’s to

sectional SI, TCI, SI-control and TCI test room.

d. Check the Data logger supply. RED and GREEN LED should glow.
Whenever such resetting required ESM must attend immediately
Drawbacks of data loggers : 14
Following are the disadvantages of Data Loggers:
➨It requires initial investment cost to start using the data logging service. Moreover the equipment is expensive
for small tasks.
➨Often all the features are not available in data logger equipment and hence requires modification in the
software or application.
➨If data logging equipment malfunctions, some data could be lost or will not be recorded.
➨Certain data logging equipment can take readings only during interval configured at the start.

➨Basic training is needed to use the equipment.

Data logging versus data acquisition :

The terms data logging and data acquisition are often used interchangeably. However, in a historical
context, they are quite different. A data logger is a data acquisition system, but a data acquisition
system is not necessarily a data logger.

• Data loggers typically have slower sample rates. A maximum sample rate of 1 Hz may be
considered to be very fast for a data logger, yet very slow for a typical data acquisition system.

• Data loggers are implicitly stand-alone devices, while typical data acquisition systems must
remain tethered to a computer to acquire data. This stand-alone aspect of data loggers implies
onboard memory that is used to store acquired data. Sometimes this memory is very large to
accommodate many days, or even months, of unattended recording. This memory may be
battery-backed static random access memory, flash memory, or EEPROM. Earlier data loggers
used magnetic tape, punched paper tape, or directly viewable records such as "strip chart
recorders".

• Given the extended recording times of data loggers, they typically feature a mechanism to
record the date and time in a timestamp to ensure that each recorded data value is associated
with a date and time of acquisition to produce a sequence of events. As such, data loggers
typically employ built-in real-time clocks whose published drift can be an important
consideration when choosing between data loggers.

• The unattended and remote nature of many data logger applications implies the need for some
applications to operate from a DC power source, such as a battery. Solar power may be used to
supplement these power sources. These constraints have generally led to ensuring that the
devices they market are extremely power efficient relative to computers.
APPLICATIONS : 15
• Unattended weather station recording (such as wind speed / direction, temperature, relative humidity,
solar radiation).
• Unattended hydrographic recording (such as water level, water depth, water flow, water pH, water
conductivity).
• Unattended soil moisture level recording.
• Unattended gas pressure recording.
• Offshore buoys for recording a variety of environmental conditions.
• Road traffic counting.
• Measure temperatures (humidity, etc.) of perishables during shipments: Cold chain.[1]
• Measure variations in light intensity.
• Measuring temperature of pharmaceutical products, medicines and vaccines during storage
• Measuring temperature and humidity of perishable products during transportation to ensure cold chain is
maintained
• Process monitoring for maintenance and troubleshooting applications.
• Process monitoring to verify warranty conditions
• Wildlife research with pop-up archival tags
• Measure vibration and handling shock (drop height) environment of distribution packaging.[2]
• Tank level monitoring.
• Deformation monitoring of any object with geodetic or geotechnical sensors controlled by an automatic
deformation monitoring system.
• Environmental monitoring.
• Vehicle testing (including crash testing)
• Motor racing
• Monitoring of relay status in railway signaling.
• For science education enabling 'measurement', 'scientific investigation' and an appreciation of 'change'
• Record trend data at regular intervals in veterinary vital signs monitoring.
• Load profile recording for energy consumption management.
• Temperature, humidity and power use for heating and air conditioning efficiency studies.
• Water level monitoring for groundwater studies.
• Digital electronic bus sniffer for debug and validation
Examples : 16
Black-box (stimulus/response) loggers:
• A flight data recorder (FDR) is a piece of recording equipment used to collect specific aircraft
performance data. The term may also be used, albeit less accurately, to describe the cockpit voice
recorder (CVR), another type of data recording device found on board aircraft.
• An event data recorder (EDR) is a device installed by the manufacturer in some automobiles which
collects and stores various data during the time-frame immediately before and after a crash
• A voyage data recorder (VDR) is a data recording system designed to collect data from various
sensors on board a ship.
• A train event recorder is a device that records data about the operation of train controls and
performance in response to those controls and other train control systems.
• An accident data recorder (ADR) is a device for triggering accidents or incidents in most kind of land
vehicles and recording the relevant data. In automobiles, all diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) are
logged in engine control units (ECUs) so that at the time of service of a vehicle, a service engineer
will read all the DTCs using Tech-2 or similar tools connected to the on-board diagnostics port, and
will come to know problems occurred in the vehicle. Sometimes a small OBD data logger is plugged
into the same port to continuously record vehicle data.
Health data loggers:
• The growing, preparation, storage and transportation of food. Data logger is generally used for data
storage and these are small in size.
• A Holter monitor is a portable device for continuously monitoring various electrical activity of the
cardiovascular system for at least 24 hours.
• Electronic health record loggers.
Other general data acquisition loggers:
• An (scientific) experimental testing data acquisition tool.
• Ultra Wideband Data Recorder, high-speed data recording up to 2 Giga Samples per second.

Future directions :
Data Loggers are changing more rapidly now than ever before. The original model of a stand-alone
data logger is changed to one of a device that collects data but also has access to wireless communications for
alarming of events, automatic reporting of data, and remote control. Data loggers are beginning to serve web
pages for current readings, e-mail their alarms, and FTP their daily results into databases or direct to the users.
Very recently, there is a trend to move away from proprietary products with commercial software to open-
source software and hardware devices.
 17
The Raspberry Pi single-board computer is among others a popular platform
hosting real-time Linux or preemptive-kernel Linux operating systems with many digital interfaces like I2C,
SPI, or UART enable the direct interconnection of a digital sensor and a computer, and an unlimited number of
configurations to show measurements in real-time over the internet, process data, plot charts, and diagrams...

Conclusion

Looking onto the amazing features a data logger offers, a user can always
trust a data logger because it saves expenses and eliminates the need of manual intervention. This cancels so
many cases of errors, hence time also is saved. A data logger is a device that can offer you so much that too
without burning hole in the pocket since the machinery barely costs much unless some features are needed.
With so much reliability a data logger offers, one can never regret investing in them for keeping records and
with interfaces so easy to work with.
I have concluded the design implementation & evaluation of a data logger system. The system
detects user side energy consumption with temperature in real time system. This method is very suitable for data
logging in experimental and plant monitoring. The PC is always located at a place with electric supply.
The data logger system that allows users to read unit & with the use of wireless technology it can be sent to the
receiver side. The ZigBee protocol is a wireless technology developed as an open global standard to address the
unique needs of low-cost, low power, wireless sensors network.
All loggers listed in this COG are appropriate for monitoring environmental conditions in
cultural institutions. Some are better suited to general long-term monitoring and others for special applications.
Considering all the variables outlined in this COG Should facilitate choosing a logger appropriate to your
project needs.
This wireless data logger senses and monitors the variations in the local temperature
thereby transmits the data within the range to an assigned received temperature is displayed on a local liquid
crystal display (LCD) on assigned server and simultaneously on a computer. By using the current & potential
transformer the corresponding energy consumption was displayed on Microsoft excel sh
 Bibliography

1. Adikari B., Paudel, P. (2015), Fundamentals of Electronics and Communication, Heritage Publishers and
Distributors
2. 2. Dahal S., Poudel S. et al , 5th edition, Insights on Basic Electronic Engineering, System Inception
3. Riva, Marco; Piergiovanni, Schiraldi, Luciano; Schiraldi, Alberto (January 2001). "Performances of time-
temperature indicators in the study of temperature exposure of packaged fresh foods". Packaging Technology and
Science. 14 (1): 1–39. doi:10.1002/pts.521.
4. Singh, J; Singh, Burgess (2007). "Measurement, Analysis, and Comparison of the Parcel Shipping Shock and Drop
Environment of the United States Postal Service with Commercial Carriers". Journal of Testing and Evaluation. 35
(3): 100787. doi:10.1520/JTE100787

Webliography
https://www.omega.co.uk/prodinfo/dataloggers.html4.
https://encardio.medium.com/data-loggers
https://en.wikipedia.org/
https://www.eeeguide.com/data-logger-operation