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Teratogenic Drugs

Breast tenderness, palmar erythema, constipation, nausea and vomiting are common first trimester discomforts due to changing hormones. Wearing a supportive bra, using calamine lotion, increasing fiber and staying hydrated can help relieve symptoms. Small, frequent meals and keeping upright after eating can help manage nausea while avoiding certain foods and laxatives are recommended for constipation relief.

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Carmella Menpin
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68 views6 pages

Teratogenic Drugs

Breast tenderness, palmar erythema, constipation, nausea and vomiting are common first trimester discomforts due to changing hormones. Wearing a supportive bra, using calamine lotion, increasing fiber and staying hydrated can help relieve symptoms. Small, frequent meals and keeping upright after eating can help manage nausea while avoiding certain foods and laxatives are recommended for constipation relief.

Uploaded by

Carmella Menpin
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TERATOGENIC DRUGS REMARKS EFFECTS TO THE FETUS

Thalidomide (Immunoprin)  treatment for cancers, Limb defects


leprosy, HIV-associated (Phocomelia)
conditions

Angiotensin-converting enzyme  used primarily for the Cranio-facial abnormalities


(ACE Inhibitors) treatment of high blood May cause kidney damage in
pressure and heart the fetus when used in II and III
failure trimester, decrease in the
amount of amniotic fluid and
deformities of face, limbs and
lungs
Valproic Acid (Sodium valproate)  primarily used to treat Mental retardation, neural tube
epilepsy and bipolar effects (ex. Spina bifida,
disorder and prevent anencephaly)
migraine headaches
 useful for the prevention
of seizures in those with
absence seizures,
partial seizures, and
generalized seizures
Tetracycline  used to treat a number Maternal toxicity and
of infections, including discoloration of tooth
acne, cholera, Bone defects
brucellosis, plague,
malaria, and syphilis.
Phenytoin (Dilantin)  anti-seizure medication Hypoplastic nails, typical facies
  useful for the Cleft lip/palate, microcephaly,
prevention of tonic- hypoplastic phalanges
clonic seizures and focal
seizures, but not
absence seizures
Warfarin  (Coumadin)  used to prevent blood Facial dysmorphism,
clots such as deep vein chondrodysplasia
thrombosis and Nose, eyes, hand defects
pulmonary embolism Growth retardation
 to prevent stroke in Fetal warfarin Syndrome
people who have atrial
fibrillation, valvular heart
disease, or artificial
heart valves.
Benzodiazepines  treat anxiety, seizures,  Cleft lip and palate
and insomnia. deformities
Chloramphenicol  used to treat Gray Baby Syndrome
meningitis, plague,
cholera, and typhoid
fever.
Sulfonamides  used to treat a variety Jaundice and brain damage in
of infections, newborn
including urinary tract
infections, skin
infections, lung
infections, and other
bacterial and parasitic
infections.
Chlorambucil  used to treat chronic underdevelopment of lower
lymphocytic leukemia, jaw, cleft palate
Hodgkin lymphoma,
and non-Hodgkin
lymphoma
Cyclophosphamide   (mainly in children). abnormal development of
Cyclophosphamide is skull bones, spinal defects, ear
also used for defects and club foot
retinoblastoma (a
type of eye cancer
mainly in children),
multiple myeloma
(cancer in the bone
marrow), and mycosis
fungoides (tumors on
the skin)


Discomforts of Pregnancy

Discomforts during the First Trimester

 Breast Tenderness
- one of the first symptoms that the woman would notice in early
pregnancy.
- Cause: sore and tender breasts and nipples are due to surging
hormones. The hormones estrogen and progesterone, as well as
prolactin (the brain hormone associated with lactation), boost blood
flow to the breasts and cause changes in breast tissue to prepare for
breastfeeding.
- Nursing Management:
 Advise to wear a bra with a wide shoulder strap. The support it gives
helps ease the tenderness.
 Dress warmly and avoid cold. She should also dress warmly as exposure
to cold increases the tenderness.
 Get examined. Women who experience intense pain should have to
examine the presence of nipple fissures or breast abscess to rule out these
conditions.

 Palmar Erythema
- the constant itching and redness of the palms but is not considered
an allergy.
- Cause: changes to your blood vessels related to an increase in
estrogen production during pregnancy. Increased estrogen levels
possibly cause the pruritus.
- Nursing Management:
 No it’s not an allergy. Educate the woman that she has not developed an
allergy, and this is normal during pregnancy.
 Calamine lotion to the rescue. To soothe the itchiness, calamine lotion
can be applied.
 Disappears naturally. Palmar erythema would naturally disappear once
the body has adjusted to the increased estrogen levels.
-
 Constipation
- Cause: increase in the pregnancy hormone progesterone
- caused by slow peristalsis due to the pressure from the growing
uterus
 Nursing Management:
Increase fiber in the diet. Encourage the woman to move her bowels
regularly and increase the fiber in her diet.
 Drink water. Advise her to drink at least 8 to 10 glasses of water every day.
 Iron supplements. Educate her that iron supplements can cause
constipation but need not be stopped because it helps build up fetal iron
stores.
 Don’t use mineral oil. The use of mineral oil to relieve constipation is not
advisable because it absorbs the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, K, and E.
 Don’t use enemas. Enemas are also prohibited as it may initiate labor.
 So as OTC laxatives. Over-the-counter laxatives are also contraindicated
unless prescribed.
 Avoid gas-forming foods. Advise the woman to avoid gas-forming food
to prevent excessive flatulence.
-
 Nausea (morning sickness), Vomiting, Pyrosis
- Cause: the effects of a hormone produced by the placenta called human
chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Pregnant women begin
producing HCG shortly after a fertilized egg attaches to the uterine lining.
Women with severe morning sickness (hyperemesis gravidarum) have
higher HCG levels than other pregnant women do. Women pregnant with
twins or multiples also have higher HCG levels and are more likely to
experience morning sickness. Similarly, estrogen, another hormone that
increases during pregnancy, is associated with an increase in the severity
of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.
- NURSING MANAGEMENT:
 Small frequent feedings. Advise the woman to take small, frequent meals
and avoid greasy foods.
 Upright position after. Encourage her to keep in an upright position after
meals to avoid reflux
-
 Fatigue
 Muscle Cramps
 Hypotension
 Varicosities
 Hemorrhoids
 Heart Palpitations
 Frequent Urination

Discomforts during the Second and Third Trimester

 Backache
 Dyspnea
 Ankle Edema
 Braxton Hicks Contraction

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