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Module 1.4 Relationship Between Fibonacci Sequence and Golden Ratio

This document discusses the relationship between the Fibonacci sequence and the golden ratio. It shows that the ratio of two consecutive Fibonacci numbers approaches approximately 1.618, which is the golden ratio. This is demonstrated through a table showing the ratios of consecutive Fibonacci numbers approaching 1.618 and a line graph of the correspondence between the Fibonacci numbers and their ratios. The document also discusses how the golden ratio is related to solutions for x in the equation used to derive the Fibonacci sequence from Binet's formula.

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Emmanuel Aguado
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51 views

Module 1.4 Relationship Between Fibonacci Sequence and Golden Ratio

This document discusses the relationship between the Fibonacci sequence and the golden ratio. It shows that the ratio of two consecutive Fibonacci numbers approaches approximately 1.618, which is the golden ratio. This is demonstrated through a table showing the ratios of consecutive Fibonacci numbers approaching 1.618 and a line graph of the correspondence between the Fibonacci numbers and their ratios. The document also discusses how the golden ratio is related to solutions for x in the equation used to derive the Fibonacci sequence from Binet's formula.

Uploaded by

Emmanuel Aguado
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 1.

4 Relationship Between Fibonacci Sequence and Golden Ratio

Consider a line segment cut into two unequal segments of lengths 1 and 𝑥, such that 0 < 𝑥 < 1
!"# !
and !
= #. How long is 𝑥?
1 x

𝑥+1 𝑥
=
𝑥 1

1(𝑥 + 1) = 𝑥(𝑥) Cross multiplication


𝑥 + 1 = 𝑥$
0 = 𝑥 $ − 𝑥 − 1 or 𝑥$ − 𝑥 − 1 = 0

To find the value of 𝑥, we use the quadratic formula with 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = −1 and 𝑐 = −1, we have

% ' ± )' ! % *+, % (%#) ± )(%#)! % *(#)(%#) # ± √#" * # ± √0


𝑥= = = =
$+ $(#) $ $
#" √0 #% √0
𝑥# = $
≈ 1.618 𝑥$ = $
≈ −0.618 (discarded, 0 < 𝑥)

The approximate value of 1.618 is called the Golden or divine ratio and is represented by the Greek
#% √0
letter phi (𝜙 𝑜𝑟 𝜑). On the other hand, $
or approximately −0.618 is known as the golden ratio conjugate.

#" √0 #% √0
Focus on the computed values of 𝑥# and 𝑥$ above. The $ and $ give a hint on the relationship
between the golden ratio and the Fibonacci sequence from Binet’s formula for finding the nth term of the
Fibonacci sequence.

1 1
1 + √5 1 − √5
7 2 ; −7 2 ;
𝑓1 =
√5
2
When you take two consecutive Fibonacci numbers and get their ratio 2 " , quotients approach a
"#$
certain value. The table below shows the ratios of two consecutive Fibonacci numbers up until the 16th
term. A line graph displays the correspondence between the Fibonacci number and its consequent ratio.

Fibonacci Ratio Fibonacci Ratio


Number (rounded off) Number (rounded off)
1 55 55/34 = 1.61764706
1 1/1 = 1 89 89/55 = 1.61818182
2 2/1 = 2 144 144/89 = 1.61797753
3 3/2 = 1.5 233 233/144 = 1.61805556
5 5/3 = 1.66666667 377 377/233 = 1.61802575
8 8/5 = 1.6 610 610/377 = 1.61803714
13 13/8 = 1.625 987 987/610 = 1.61803279
21 21/13 = 1.61538462 1597 1597/987 = 1.61803445
34 34/21 = 1.61904762 2584 2584/1597 = 1.61803345
2"
The ratio between two consecutive Fibonacci numbers approach the golden ratio. This was
2"#$
noticed by the German astronomer Johannes Kepler.

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