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Lab No 2 - Design & Simulation of Dipole Antenna at 1 GHZ Using CST

This document describes an experiment conducted using CST software to design a dipole antenna at frequencies of 1 GHz and 800 MHz, with the objective of familiarizing students with antenna design software, dipole antennas, and key antenna parameters like S-parameters, gain, radiation patterns, and surface currents. The experiment involves using CST to model circular cylinders to represent the antenna elements, applying wave port excitation, and analyzing the simulation results to evaluate and compare the antenna performance at the two operating frequencies.

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Ayesha Subhan
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402 views10 pages

Lab No 2 - Design & Simulation of Dipole Antenna at 1 GHZ Using CST

This document describes an experiment conducted using CST software to design a dipole antenna at frequencies of 1 GHz and 800 MHz, with the objective of familiarizing students with antenna design software, dipole antennas, and key antenna parameters like S-parameters, gain, radiation patterns, and surface currents. The experiment involves using CST to model circular cylinders to represent the antenna elements, applying wave port excitation, and analyzing the simulation results to evaluate and compare the antenna performance at the two operating frequencies.

Uploaded by

Ayesha Subhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AIR UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

EXPERIMENT NO 2

Lab Title:

Student Name: Reg. No:

Objective:

LAB ASSESSMENT:

Excellent Good Average Satisfactory Unsatisfactory


Attributes
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
Ability to Conduct
Experiment
Ability to assimilate the
results
Effective use of lab
equipment and follows
the lab safety rules

Total Marks: Obtained Marks:

LAB REPORT ASSESSMENT:

Excellent Good Average Satisfactory Unsatisfactory


Attributes
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)

Data presentation

Experimental results

Conclusion

Total Marks: Obtained Marks:

Date: Signature:
Experiment No 2
Design & Simulation of Dipole Antenna at 1 GHz using CST
Objective:
 To familiarize with CST software
 To have basic understanding of dipole antenna and it’s designing.
 To know about the antenna parameters
 S-parameter
 Gain
 Surface currents
 Radiation pattern

Antenna: An antenna is a transducer designed to transmit or receive radio waves which are a class
of electromagnetic waves. In other words, antennas convert radio frequency electrical currents into
electromagnetic waves and vice versa. Antennas are used in systems such as radio and television
broadcasting, point-to-point radio communication, wireless LAN, radar, and space exploration.
Antennas usually work in air or outer space, but can also be operated under water or even through
soil and rocks at certain frequencies for short distances. Physically, an antenna is an arrangement of
conductors that generate a radiating electromagnetic field in response to an applied alternating
voltage and the associated alternating electric current, or can be placed in an electromagnetic field so
that the field will induce an alternating current in the antenna and a voltage between its terminals.

Simple Dipole Antenna: just about the simplest form of antenna is called the dipole. This is a
conductor that is divided in the middle and is connected at this point to a feeder (or feed line). This
feeder then connects the antenna to the receiver, or transmitter. Feeders come is many forms.
Probably, the most commonly used is coaxial cable. This is the type of feeder used in this trainer.

Figure.1
1. Antenna Designing on CST Software

Method-1
Design of Dipole Part-1
Click on Modeling from the Menu Bar.
Click on cylinder and select circular cylinder as shown in figure.

Press Esc key to show Dialogue Box.


Enter the following values in Dialogue Box and select material as a copper annealed by loading it
from library.

Design of Dipole Part-2


Click on Modeling from the Menu Bar.
Click on cylinder and select circular cylinder as shown in figure.
Press Esc key to show Dialogue Box.
Enter the following values in Dialogue Box and select material as a Copper Annealed by loading it
from library.

The total gape between these two parts of dipole is 20mm.

Method-2
Design of Dipole
Click on Modeling from the Menu Bar.
Click on cylinder and select circular cylinder as shown in figure
Press Esc key to show Dialogue Box.
Enter the following values in Dialogue Box and select material as a copper annealed by loading
it from library.

Gape is required between the two poles but it is long pole without any gape, so draw another shape of
different material at its central position to cut it away from the shape.
Click on Modeling from the Menu Bar.
Click on cylinder and select circular cylinder as shown in figure.

Press Esc key to show Dialogue Box.


Enter the following values in Dialogue Box and select material as a Nickel by loading it
from library.
Click Ok
Following Dialogue Box will be shown, select cut it away highlighted shape.

1. Wave Port Excitation


Select the designed dipole from Components.
Rotate and Zoom the central faces of dipole from View.
Click on Modeling and select Pick Circle center from Pick Point as shown in Figure.

Double click on one of the central point of face to select the point P1.
Rotate the dipole to view its other central side and Repeat the previous step for the selection of another
point P2.
Go to Simulation and select Discrete Port.
Following Dialogue Box will be shown:
Put impedance is equal to 50 Ohms and then click Ok

Results / Analysis

Go to Simulation and select Field Monitor.


Following Dialogue Box will be shown.
Select E-Field, set Frequency as 1 GHz and then click on Apply.
Select H-Field and Surface Current, set Frequency as 1 GHz and then click on
Apply. Select Surface Current (TLM only), set Frequency as 1 GHz and then click on
Apply.

Finally, click on Ok.

Go to Home and Click on Start Simulation.

You can check the results of antenna after the Simulation is complete

Lab Tasks

1. Design a dipole antenna at the operating frequency of 1 GHz and compute the following antenna
parameters and explain these following antenna parameters in lab report.

Steps to follow in CST

1. S Parameters (Return Losses)

Click on 1 D Results, S-Parameters and then S 11 from Project manager.


Right click anywhere on the shown graph, select Add Curve marker and double click on

Lowest value of curve to show exact value of S11 at that point.

2. Gain

Click on Far Fields and then far field (f=1) [1] from Project manager.
From Menu Bar, select Far Field Plot and change Directivity to Gain (IEEE)

3. Radiation Pattern

Click on Far Fields and then far field (f=1) [1] from Project manager.
From Menu Bar, select Far Field Plot and click on Polar.
Set the value of Cut angle =0

Graph represents the radiation pattern for E-field

Set the value of Cut angle =90

Graph represents the radiation pattern for H-field


4. Surface Current

Click on 2D/3D Results and then Surface Current (f=1) [1] from Project manager.
2D/3D Plot will be shown on Menu bar, click on Animate Fields
Click on Properties to change Scaling or any other parameter.

2. Design a dipole antenna at the operating frequency of 800 MHz and follow the above mentioned
Steps to evaluate antenna parameters.

3. Show the calculations for the both operating frequencies.

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