9.

3 Grammar
Exercise 3
Inversion after adverbials
There is I can invert subject and verb after initial complex
inversion in adverbials to emphasise information.
the sentences
in the report. 1 Look at the photo and discuss the questions in pairs.
It helps
1 What does it show?
emphasise
2 What do you think might be the short- and long-term
the following
information: consequences of this situation?
(1) multiple 2 Read the report about the short- and long-term effects of flash
effects of the flooding. Compare them with your answers in Exercise 1. The Devastating Effects
floods, (2) the
sequence of 3 In pairs, compare sentences 1–3 below with 1–3 in the report. of Flash Floods
the events and What differences do you notice? What information is being
(3) how little emphasised in each sentence in the report?
people realise 1 Flood waters do not only cause structural damage to roads and
the extent of buildings, they also affect power lines and water supplies.
the damage.
2 The real damage can only be evaluated once the water has receded. 5 (1) Not only
3 They can’t imagine the conditions they’ll find when they return to do the ood ate s ca se
Exercise 6 t
their houses.
2 Not until the ( ) t only once
floods had died 4 Read the GRAMMAR FOCUS to check your answers in Exercise 3. can the eal da age e
down could 10
they estimate GRAMMAR FOCUS
the costs of Inversion after adverbials
repairs. You can place an adverbial at the beginning of a sentence to emphasise
3 Not only do some information. Then, the auxiliary verb comes before the subject. (3) Little do
floods damage 15 they i agine
We couldn’t return to our home until August.
real estate, Not until August could we return to our home.
but many
Present Simple: Floods damage roads and buildings.
other kinds of
Not only do floods damage …
property are
Past Simple: Floods damaged roads and buildings.
destroyed as
Not only did floods damage … 6 USE OF ENGLISH Write the second sentence
well.
Examples of negative adverbials: so that it has a similar meaning to the first
4 Only in this using the words in capitals.
little with a negative use
way did he
expressions with not: not until August, not for a moment, 1 They didn’t know it would rain for three
manage to
not a word, etc. consecutive days. LITTLE
save his house
from the expressions with no: at no time, in no way, under no circumstances, etc. Little did they know it would rain for
cyclone. Examples of limiting/emphatic adverbials:
three consecutive days.
5 Only by
expressions with only: not only … but …, only after, only once,
2 They couldn’t estimate the costs of repairs
chance were only then, only by chance, only in this way
until the floods had died down. NOT UNTIL
they able to hardly/scarcely … when …
no sooner … than … 3 Floods don’t just damage real estate but
escape the
hurricane.
many other kinds of property are destroyed as
6 No sooner 5 Complete the sentences with one word in each gap. well. NOT ONLY
had I plugged 4 It was only in this way that he managed to
1 Not only does it rain heavily, it is also very windy, making rescues
the gap than it save his house from the cyclone. DID
even more challenging.
started leaking 5 It was pure luck that they were able to escape
again. 2 Only by climbing onto our roof                 
were we able to get away.
the hurricane. ONLY BY CHANCE
7 Scarcely had 3 Little                 
did they know that this would be the biggest storm
6 As soon as I plugged the gap, it started
I managed to they’d ever seen.
leaking again. NO SOONER
rescue the cat 4 Not until next spring                 
will the farmers be able to calculate the
7 I managed to rescue the cat moments before
when the wall full extent of the damage.
the wall collapsed. SCARCELY
collapsed. 5 Only after you’ve experienced a flood for yourself                 
can you
8 The local police have shown no signs of panic
8 At no time fully empathise with the victims.
have the local at all. AT NO TIME
6 Under no circumstances                 
ought/are you to attempt to enter
police shown 7 What are some recent examples of extreme
a flooded building.
signs of panic. weather which have been in the news? What
7 Hardly                 
had we escaped through the back door when the
were the details? Discuss in pairs.
ceiling came down.
8 No sooner                 
did we call the emergency services than it began
to rain heavily again. Grammar & Language in Focus pages 133–134

104

EXTRA ACTIVITIES WORKBOOK

Photocopiable resource 26 p. 104, including Show
(inversion after adverbials – 15 min.) what you’ve learnt
116 pp. 217–218, 254

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 9.4 Language in Focus
Extra it
I can use ‘it’ as a preparatory object.

1 Look at the photo and describe it in pairs.

Is it like this where you live?

2 Read the text about urban living. In pairs, Exercise 2

summarise how the writer feels about the He hates
problem of overpopulation. crowds and
is not happy
about the
The Big Squeeze continuing
If, like me, you hate it that people tend to jostle their way down a crowded street or squeeze their way influx of
into packed trams in the height of summer, I’ve got bad news – it’s only going to get worse! people to
Experts consider it inevitable that the Earth’s population will continue to grow – with figures predicting cities. He’d
an increase from 7.3 billion to 8.4 billion by the year 2030. With more and more people set to live in cities rather not
5 and so-called megacities we surely owe it to society as a whole to maintain urban living standards. have to make
Although it is the emerging economies like China, India and Africa that will face the major population room for them
booms, the continued decrease in rural business here in the West leaves it to us city dwellers to make and share his
room for the flocks of people continuing to migrate to the city. personal space
So, if you happen to spot me looking all grumpy on the Tube one day, you’ll find it in your with them.
best interest to give me a very wide berth. What I’m basically saying is: I love it when GLOSSARY
10
I don’t have to share my personal space with anyone and I’d really appreciate it if you to give sb/sth a wide berth –
all just kept out of my way. to avoid sb/sth

3 Read the LANGUAGE FOCUS and write example sentences with 5 Which of the sentences in Exercise 4 do you
the verbs which were not used in the text in Exercise 2 and the agree with? Discuss in pairs.
‘extra it’.
6 USE OF ENGLISH Complete the second
LANGUAGE FOCUS sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the
first. Begin with the words given and use the
Extra it
words in capitals.
You use it as a preparatory object before a real object (an infinitive
or clause) after certain verbs: 1 I really don’t like people staring at me. HATE
hate/like/love + it + when/that clause I hate it when people stare at me .
would appreciate + it + if clause 2 Could you give me a bit more room? I’d be
leave/owe + it + to sb + to infinitive very grateful. APPRECIATE
consider/find/think + it + adjective/noun/prepositional phrase + I                                                                                  
would appreciate it if you could give me a bit more room.
that clause/to infinitive 3 It’s her responsibility now. She can develop
the new housing scheme. LEAVE
I’ll leave
                                                                              
it to her to develop the new housing scheme.
4 Match the sentence halves. Use the LANGUAGE FOCUS to help
4 We think you should plan for more public
you. Sometimes more than one answer is correct.
parks. It’s important. CONSIDER
1 I absolutely love c 5 I don’t like g We                                                                             
consider it important that you plan for more public parks.
2 My parents would appreciate f 6 Most non-city dwellers find h 5 People say hello in the streets here. It’s nice.
3 We owe b 7 I find a LIKE
4 I consider d/h 8 We should leave e/b I like it that/when people say hello in the streets here.
                                                                                  
6 You need to get out of the city for a few days.
it
You deserve it. OWE
a funny that drivers complain about traffic jams. You                                                                            
owe it to yourself to get out of the city for a few days.
b to our parents to ensure we live by society’s rules. 7 In my opinion, swearing in public is rude.
c when I can just sit in a park and have some quiet time to myself. THINK
d important that we continue to think about the problems of I                                                                                  
think it rude to swear/that people swear in public.
overpopulation.
7 Complete the sentences so that they are true
e to the experts to decide how we live.
for you. Then compare your ideas in pairs.
f if we told them more about the thoughts of the younger generation.
g that you often have to stand on public transport. 1 I hate it that … 4 I owe it to …
h an inconvenience to commute to work or school. 2 I love it when … 5 I think it awful that …
3 I would appreciate it if … 6 I find it …
7 a: I find it funny that drivers complain about
traffic jams.
Grammar & Language in Focus page 135

105

REFERENCES WORKBOOK
CULTURE NOTES   p. 174 p. 105, including Show
what you’ve learnt
117

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