Summer Internsgip Report Nikhil
Summer Internsgip Report Nikhil
Submitted by
Nikhil Vaishnaw
INTEGRATED BBA-MBA
September 2022
DECLARATION
I, Nikhil Vaishnaw, hereby declare that the work presented herein is genuine work done
originally by me and has not been published or submitted elsewhere for the requirement of a
degree programme. Any literature, data or works done by others and cited within this
dissertation has been given due acknowledgement and listed in the reference section.
Nikhil Vaishnaw
A few typewritten words of thanks cannot really express the sincerity of my gratitude. But I
am still trying to put into words my gratefulness towards all who have helped and encouraged
me in carrying out this project. This project of mine bears the imprint of many people who
have an important impact on my thinking, behavior, and acts during the course of study.
First of all, we would like to take this opportunity to thank the LOVELY PROFESSIONAL
UNIVERSITY for having summer training as a part of the MBA degree. The
accomplishment of this project otherwise would have been painstaking endeavor, for lack of
staunch and sincere support of the Mittal School of Business, LPU. The incessant and
undeterred succors extended by the members of the department facilitated the job to the great
extent. If this goes unnoticed and unacknowledged it would be selfishness.
Many people have influenced the shape and content of this project, and many supported me
throughout. I express my sincere gratitude to Ms. Archita Rajput (HR) who was available
for help whenever I required, his guidance, gentle persuasion and active support has made
it possible to complete this project.
I also owe my thanks to my respondents who gave their great contributions in getting my
questionnaires fulfilled. I have immensely benefited from my interactions with my friends,
and I acknowledge their contributions to my learning.
In the end, I can say only this much that “ALL ARE NOT MENTIONED BUT NONE IS
FORGOTTEN”
Last but not the least I would like to thank GOD, who continues to look after us despite all
my flaws.
CHAPTER
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
Introduction to Study
Introduction to Stock Tackler
Introduction to Stock Tackler
Product and Services offered by Company
SWOT analysis of STOCK TACKLER
CHAPTER-2
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Objective of the Project
Scope of the Study
CHAPTER-3 PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT SERVICES
Need of PMS
Objective of PMS
Portfolio Construction and its phases
Types of Assets
TRAINING CERTIFICATE
LETTER OF HEAD
Executive Summary
This is the internship report based on the two-month long internship program that I had successfully
completed in Stock Tackler Ltd. under Ms. Archita Rajput, HR from 01.06.2021 to 31.07.2021 as a
requirement of my Integrated BBA-MBA. As being completely new to practical, corporate world
setting, every hour spent in the HRD gave me some amount of experience all the time all of which
cannot be explained in words. But nevertheless, they were all useful for my career.
“TODAY’S MONEY IS NOT EQUAL TO TOMORROW’S MONEY”, this says that the money
invested today does not have same value tomorrow, the time value of money affects to a great extent.
So, one has to consider time value of money when going for investment especially in securities as
equity shares etc. because the price fluctuations are very rapid
Every individual wants to save money and instead of keeping it idle he/she wants to invest it further
for its appreciation i.e., for the returns earned from it in the future. There are many numbers of
investment alternatives, it depends on the individual who wants to invest in which alternative he has to
choose i.e., it depends on the rate of return or the amount of return and risk that the individual expect
from the investment. Some individuals want high returns and ready to take high risk, few don’t want
to take risk and they will be satisfied with the returns they get from the minimum risk.
The individuals or the investors who are willing to take risk will go for equity investment, in which
they can earn more returns and the other hand those who don’t want to take risk or who wants to
minimize the risk will go for bank deposits, investments in mutual funds, debenture bonds, preference
shares etc., where they can get a fixed amount who don’t take risk or avoid risk are called as risk
averters.
Thus, our study is mainly conducted to analysis financial risk of investors and also to know the
relationship between company return and NSE return. Portfolio Management NSE at IIFL Ltd. public
sector is emerging sector now. India is now opening up its economy for investments and any one can
start investment in India. Thus, keeping in mind, I took up the study to know how risky the investment
in public Sector companies and the expected return that can get for the risk he has undertaken.
CHAPTER-1
Introduction of Company
STOCK TACKLER
. Stock Tackler is a growing startup investing company. We invest in the Indian market
with proper research and knowledge. We return our client investment in just 6 working
days with their profit at low charge. Even college-going students can start investing and
start with us at very low prices and increase their savings with us. We help our clients to
open their Demat accounts and we provide them calls from our end for better profit and
understanding
The emergence of stock market can be traced back to 1830. In Bombay, business passed
in the shares of banks like the commercial bank, the chartered mercantile bank, the
chartered bank, the oriental bank and the old bank of Bombay and shares of cotton
presses. In Calcutta, Englishman reported the quotations of 4%, 5%, and 6% loans of
East India Company as well as the shares of the bank of Bengal in 1836. This list was a
further broadened in 1839 when the Calcutta newspaper printed the quotations of banks
like union bank and Agra bank. It also quoted the prices of business ventures like the
Bengal bonded warehouse, the Docking Company, and the storm tug company.
Exchange was formally established in Bombay on 3rd day of December 1887. The
Association is now known as “The Stock Exchange”. From fundamental or basic
research and technical research. As an investor with SMC Global Securities, customers
get access to these research reports exclusively. Customers get access to the following
reports.
• Intraday calls
• Special Reports
• Market Mornings
• Sectorial Reports
STRENGTH
WEAKNESSES:
• Lack of Aggressive advertisements and sales promotion programmed.
OPPORTUNITIES:
• Growing capital market in India & other country
THREATS:
• Demand & supply
• Lost in faith in share market after big scams in the stock market.
CHAPTER - 2
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The term asset management is often used to refer to the investment management of
collective investments, whilst the more generic fund management may refer to all forms
of institutional investment as well as investment management for private investors.
Investment managers who specialize in advisory or discretionary management on behalf
of (normally wealthy) private investors may often refer to their services as wealth
management or portfolio management often within the context of so-called "private
banking".
The provision of 'investment management services' includes elements of financial
analysis, asset selection, stock selection, plan implementation and ongoing monitoring of
investments. Outside of the financial industry, the term "investment management" is
often applied to investments other than financial instruments. Investments are often
meant to include projects, brands, patents and many things other than stocks and bonds.
Even in this case, the term implies that rigorous financial and economic analysis
methods.
Need of PMS
As in the current scenario the effectiveness of PMS is required. As the PMS gives
investors periodically review their asset allocation across different assets as the portfolio
can get skewed over a period of time. This can be largely due to appreciation /
depreciation in the value of the investments.
As the financial goals are diverse, the investment choices also need to be different to
meet those needs. No single investment is likely to meet all the needs, so one should keep
some money in bank deposits and / liquid funds to meet any urgent need for cash and
keep the balance in other investment products/ schemes that would maximize the return
and minimize the risk. Investment allocation can also change depending on one’s risk-
return profile.
Portfolio Evaluation
This phase involves the regular analysis and assessment of portfolio performances in
terms of risk and returns over a period of time. During this phase, the returns are
measured quantitatively along with risk born over a period of time by a portfolio. The
performance of the portfolio is compared with the objective norms. Moreover, this
procedure assists in identifying the weaknesses in the investment processes
Types of assets
The structure of a portfolio will depend ultimately on the investor’s objectives and on the
asset selection decision reached. The portfolio structure takes into account a range of
factors, including the investor’s time horizon, attitude to risk, liquidity requirements, tax
position and availability of investments. The main asset classes are cash, bonds and other
fixed income securities, equities, derivatives, property and overseas assets.
Cash and cash instruments
Cash can be invested over any desired period, to generate interest income, in a range of
highly liquid or easily redeemable instruments, from simple bank deposits, negotiable
certificates of deposits, commercial paper (short term corporate debt) and Treasury bills
(short term government debt) to money market funds, which actively manage cash
resources across a range of domestic and foreign markets. Cash is normally held over the
short term.
Bonds
Bonds are debt instruments on which the issuer (the borrower) agrees to make interest
payments at periodic intervals over the life of the bond – this can be for two to thirty
years or, sometimes, in perpetuity. Interest payments can be fixed or variable, the latter
being linked to prevailing levels of interest rates. Bond markets are international and
have grown rapidly over recent years. The bond markets are highly liquid, with many
issuers.
Equities
Equity consists of shares in a company representing the capital originally provided by
shareholders. An ordinary shareholder owns a proportional share of the company, and an
ordinary share carries the residual risk and rewards after all liabilities and costs have been
paid. Ordinary shares carry the right to receive income in the form of dividends (once
declared out of distributable profits) and any residual claim on the company’s assets once
its liabilities have been paid in full. Preference shares are another type of share capital.
They differ from ordinary shares in that the dividend on a preference share is usually
fixed at some amount and does not change. Also, preference shares usually do not carry
voting rights and, in the event of firm failure, preference shareholders are paid before
ordinary shareholders.
Derivatives
Derivative instruments are financial assets that are derived from existing primary assets
as opposed to being issued by a company or government entity. The two most popular
derivatives are futures and options. The extent to which a fund may incorporate
derivatives products in the fund will be specified in the fund rules and, depending on the
type of fund established for the client and depending on the client, may not be allowable
at all.
An option contract is an agreement that gives the owner the right, but not obligation, to
buy or sell (depending on the type of option) a certain asset for a specified period of time.
A call option gives the holder the right to buy the asset. A put option gives the holder the
right to sell the asset. European options can be exercised only on the options’ expiry date.
Risk on Portfolio:
The expected returns from individual securities carry some degree of risk. Risk on the
portfolio is different from the risk on individual securities. The risk is reflected in the
variability of the returns from zero to infinity. Risk of the individual assets or a portfolio
is measured by the variance of its return. The expected return depends on the probability
of the returns and their weighted contribution to the risk of the portfolio. These are two
measures of risk in this context one is the absolute deviation and other standard deviation
Most investors invest in a portfolio of assets, because as to spread risk by not putting
all eggs in one basket. Hence, what really matters to them is not the risk and return of
stocks in isolation, but the risk and return of the portfolio as a whole. Risk is mainly
reduced by diversification
1) Interest Rate Risk: This arises due to the variability in the interest rates from time to
time. A change in the interest rate establish an inverse relationship in the price of the
security i.e., price of the security tends to move inversely with change in rate of interest,
long term securities show greater variability in the price with respect to interest rate
changes than short term securities.
2) Purchasing power risk: it is also known as inflation risk also emanates from the very
fact the inflation affects the purchasing power adversely. Nominal return contains both
the real return component and an inflation premium in a transaction involving risk of the
above type to compensate for inflation over an investment holding period. Inflation rates
vary over time and investors are caught unaware when rate of inflation changes
unexpectedly causing erosion in the value of realized rate of return and expected return.
3) Financial Risk: It arises due to changes in the capital structure of the company. It is
also known as leveraged risk and expressed in terms of debt-equity ratio. Excess of risk
vis-à-vis equity in the capital structure indicates that the company is highly geared.
Although a leveraged company’s earnings per share are more but dependence on
borrowings expose it is risk of winding up for its inability to homer its commitments
towards lender or creditors. The risk is known as leveraged or financial risk of which
investor should be aware and portfolio managers should be very careful.
4) Systematic Risk or Market Related Risk : Systematic risks affected from the entire
market are (the problems, raw material availability, tax policy or government policy,
inflation risk, interest rate and financial risk). It is managed by the use of beta of different
company shares.
6) Business Risk: Business risk emanates from sale and purchase of securities affected
by business cycles, technological changes etc. Business cycles affect all types of
securities i.e., there is cheerful movement in boom due to bullish trend in stock price whereas
bearish trend in depression brings down fall in the prices of all types of securities during
depression due to decline in their market price
All investment has some risk. Investment in shares of companies has its own risk or uncertainty; these
risks arise out of variability of yields and uncertainty of appreciation or depreciation of share price,
losses of liquidity etc.
The risk over time can be represented by the variance of the returns while the return over time
is capital appreciation plus pay-out, divided by the purchase price of the share.
Normally, the higher the risk that the investor takes, the higher is the return. There is
however, a risk less return on capital of about 12% which is the bank, rate charged by the
R.B.I or long term, yielded on government securities at around 13% to 14%. The risk less
return refers to lack of variability of return and non- uncertainty in the payment or
capital. But other risks such as loss of liquidity due to parting with money etc. may
however remain but are rewarded by the total return on the capital.
Risk-return is subject to variation and the objectives of the portfolio manager are to reduce
that variability and thus reduce the risk by choosing an appropriate portfolio.
Traditional approach advocates that one security holds the better; it is according to the modern
approach divaricating should not be quantity that should be related to the quality of scripts
which leads to quality of portfolio.
Experience has shown that beyond the certain securities by adding more securities expensive.
RETURNS ON PORTFOLIO:
Individual securities in a portfolio are associated with certain number of Risk & Returns.
Once a set of securities, that are to be invested in, are identified based on Risk-Return
characteristics, portfolio analysis is to be done as next step as the Risk & Return of the
portfolio is not a simple aggregation of Risk & Returns of individual securities but,
somewhat less or more than that. Portfolio analysis considers the determination of future
Risk & Return in holding various blends of individual securities so that right
combinations giving higher returns at lower risk, called Efficient Portfolios, can be
identified so as to select an optimum one out of these efficient portfolios can be selected
in the next step.
Rp=∑ xi Ri
I=1
Risk Measurement: The statistical tool often used to measure and used as a proxy
for risk is the standard deviation.
σ =√ Σ p (ri - E(r))2
i=1
N
Variance (σ ) =Σ p (ri - E (r))2
2
INVESTMENT ANALYSIS
MEANING OF INVESTMENT
MEANING OF SECURITY
A security means a document that gives its owner a specific claim of ownership of a
particular financial asset. Financial market provides facilities for buying and selling of
financial claims and services. Thus, securities are the financial institutions which are
bought and sold in the financial market for investment.
INVESTMENT AVENUES
The alternative investment for the investor is to be considered first so as to satisfy the
above objectives of investor. The following categories of investment are open to
investors as avenues for savings to flow in financial form:
(a) Investment in Bank Deposits – Savings and Fixed Deposits : This is the most
common form of investment for an average Indian and nearly 40% of funds in financial
savings are used in these are least risky but the return in also low.
(b) Investment in P.O Deposits National Savings Certificate and other Postal
Savings Schemes: Many people in villages and some urban areas are investors in
these schemes due to lower risk of loss of money and greater security of funds. But
returns are also lower than in Stocks & Shares.
(c) Insurance Schemes of LIC/GIC etc. and Provident and Pension Funds: About
20-25% of financial savings of the household sector are put in these forms and P.F.,
Pension and other forms of contractual savings.
(d) Investment in New Issues Market: A new entrant in the Stock Market should
preferably invest in New Issues of existing and well reputed companies either in equity or
debentures. Incidentally the instruments in which investment can be made in the new
issues market are
2. Preference shares with a fixed dividend either convertible into equity or not.
(h) Investment in Mutual Fund Schemes or UTI Schemes as and when announced:
These are less risky than direct investment in stocks and shares as these enjoy the expert
management by the Portfolio Manager or Professional experts. They also have the
advantage of diversified Portfolio involving the reduction of risk and economies of scale
reducing the cost of investment
INVESTMENT STRATEGY
2) Speculation and Short-Term Trading: The objective is to gain capital profits. The
risk is high, and the composition of portfolio is flexible. Success of active strategy
depends on correct decisions as regard the timing of movement in the market as a whole,
weight age of various securities in the portfolio and individual share selection.
The passive strategy does not aim at outperforming the market. Unlike the active
strategy. On the other hand, the stocks could be randomly selected on the assumption of a
perfectly efficient market. The objective is to include in the portfolio a large number of
securities so as to reduce risks specific to individual securities. The characteristics of
positive strategy are:
Thus, it is basically a buy and hold strategy. The strategy can be implemented by
investing in securities so as to duplicate the portfolio of a market index which is called
indexing.
An investment can be distinguished from speculation in three ways – Risk, capital gain
and time period. Investment involves limited risk while speculation is considered as an
investment of funds with high risk. The purchase of a security for earning a stable return
over a period of time is an investment whereas the primary motive is to earn high profits
through price changes is termed as speculation. Thus, speculation involves buying a
security at low price and selling at a high price to make a capital gain.
ELEMENTS OF INVESTMENTS
(A) Return: Investors buy or sell financial instruments in order to earn return on
them. There turn on investment is the reward to the investors. The return includes both
current income and capital gains or losses, which arises by the increase or decrease of
the security price.
(B) Risk: Risk is the chance of loss due to variability of returns on an investment. In
case of every investment, there is a chance of loss. It may be loss of interest, dividend
or principal amount of investment. However, risk and return are inseparable. Return is
a precise statistical term, and it is measurable. But the risk is not precise statistical
term. However, the risk can be quantified: The investment process should be
considered in terms of both risk and return.
ASSET ALLOCATION
INTRODUCTION
The portfolio manager has to invest in these securities that form the optimal portfolio.
Once a portfolio is selected the next step is the selection of the specific assets to be
included in the portfolio. Assets in this respect means group of security or type of
investment. While selecting the assets the portfolio manager has to make asset allocation.
It is the process of dividing the funds among different asset class portfolios.
ASSET ALLOCATION
The different asset class definitions are widely debated, but four common
divisions are stocks, bonds, real-estate and commodities. The exercise of allocating funds
among these assets (and among individual securities within each asset class) is what
investment management firms are paid for.
Asset classes exhibit different market dynamics, and different interaction effects; thus,
the allocation of monies among asset classes will have a significant effect on the
performance of the fund. Some research suggests that allocation among asset classes has
more predictive power than the choice of individual holdings in determining portfolio
return. Arguably, the skill of a successful investment manager resides in constructing the
asset allocation, and separately the individual holdings, so as to outperform certain
benchmarks (e.g., the peer group of competing funds, bond and stock indices). In order to
achieve long term success, individual investors should concentrate on the allocation of
their money among stocks, bonds and cash. It means how much to invest in stocks. How
much to invest in bonds? And how much to keep in cash reserves? Thus, the asset
allocation decision is the most important determinant of investment performance. The
basic long term objective of any investor should be to maximize his real overall return on
initial investment after investment. To achieve this objective, the investor should look
where the best bargains lie. Asset allocation means different things to different people
On the basis of the study, it is found that SMC Ltd is better services provider than the
other stockbrokers because of their timely research and personalized advice on what
stocks to buy and sell. SMC Ltd. provides the facility of relationship manager for
encouragement and protects the interest of the investors. It also provides the information
through the internet and mobile alerts that what IPOs are coming in the market and it
also provides its research on the future prospect of the IPO. We can conclude the
following with above analysis.
➢ SMC Ltd has better Portfolio Management services than Other Companies
Suggestions
➢ The company should also organize seminars and similar activities to enhance the
knowledge of prospective and existing customers, so that they feel more
comfortable while investing in the stock market.
➢ SMC limited must try to promote more its Portfolio Management Services
through Advertisements.
➢ SMC needs to improve more it’s Customer Services.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
REFERENCES
✓ www.moneycontrol.com
✓ www.theeconomist.com
✓ www.nseindia.com
✓ www.bseindia.com
✓ www.screener.in
✓ www.economictimes.com