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What Is Artificial Neural Network?

This document provides an overview of artificial neural networks (ANNs). It defines ANNs as computational networks inspired by biological neural networks, consisting of interconnected nodes like neurons. The document discusses ANN components like the input, hidden and output layers. It also covers ANN concepts such as weights, activation functions, parallel processing capabilities, and applications in machine learning tasks. The document highlights both advantages of ANNs, such as fault tolerance and the ability to work with incomplete data, as well as disadvantages, including difficulty showing problems to the network and lack of insight into network behavior.

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77 views

What Is Artificial Neural Network?

This document provides an overview of artificial neural networks (ANNs). It defines ANNs as computational networks inspired by biological neural networks, consisting of interconnected nodes like neurons. The document discusses ANN components like the input, hidden and output layers. It also covers ANN concepts such as weights, activation functions, parallel processing capabilities, and applications in machine learning tasks. The document highlights both advantages of ANNs, such as fault tolerance and the ability to work with incomplete data, as well as disadvantages, including difficulty showing problems to the network and lack of insight into network behavior.

Uploaded by

Himanshu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Artificial Neural Network Tutorial

Artificial Neural Network Tutorial provides basic and advanced concepts of ANNs.
Our Artificial Neural Network tutorial is developed for beginners as well as
professions.

The term "Artificial neural network" refers to a biologically inspired sub-field of


artificial intelligence modeled after the brain. An Artificial neural network is usually a
computational network based on biological neural networks that construct the
structure of the human brain. Similar to a human brain has neurons interconnected
to each other, artificial neural networks also have neurons that are linked to each
other in various layers of the networks. These neurons are known as nodes.

Artificial neural network tutorial covers all the aspects related to the artificial neural
network. In this tutorial, we will discuss ANNs, Adaptive resonance theory, Kohonen
self-organizing map, Building blocks, unsupervised learning, Genetic algorithm, etc.

What is Artificial Neural Network?


The term "Artificial Neural Network" is derived from Biological neural networks
that develop the structure of a human brain. Similar to the human brain that has
neurons interconnected to one another, artificial neural networks also have neurons
that are interconnected to one another in various layers of the networks. These
neurons are known as nodes.
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The given figure illustrates the typical diagram of Biological Neural Network.

The typical Artificial Neural Network looks something like the given figure.
Dendrites from Biological Neural Network represent inputs in Artificial Neural
Networks, cell nucleus represents Nodes, synapse represents Weights, and Axon
represents Output.

Relationship between Biological neural network and artificial neural network:

Biological Neural Network Artificial Neural Network

Dendrites Inputs

Cell nucleus Nodes

Synapse Weights

Axon Output

An Artificial Neural Network in the field of Artificial intelligence where it attempts


to mimic the network of neurons makes up a human brain so that computers will
have an option to understand things and make decisions in a human-like manner.
The artificial neural network is designed by programming computers to behave
simply like interconnected brain cells.

There are around 1000 billion neurons in the human brain. Each neuron has an
association point somewhere in the range of 1,000 and 100,000. In the human brain,
data is stored in such a manner as to be distributed, and we can extract more than
one piece of this data when necessary from our memory parallelly. We can say that
the human brain is made up of incredibly amazing parallel processors.

We can understand the artificial neural network with an example, consider an


example of a digital logic gate that takes an input and gives an output. "OR" gate,
which takes two inputs. If one or both the inputs are "On," then we get "On" in
output. If both the inputs are "Off," then we get "Off" in output. Here the output
depends upon input. Our brain does not perform the same task. The outputs to
inputs relationship keep changing because of the neurons in our brain, which are
"learning."

The architecture of an artificial neural network:


To understand the concept of the architecture of an artificial neural network, we have
to understand what a neural network consists of. In order to define a neural network
that consists of a large number of artificial neurons, which are termed units arranged
in a sequence of layers. Lets us look at various types of layers available in an artificial
neural network.
Artificial Neural Network primarily consists of three layers:

Input Layer:

As the name suggests, it accepts inputs in several different formats provided by the
programmer.

Hidden Layer:

The hidden layer presents in-between input and output layers. It performs all the
calculations to find hidden features and patterns.

Output Layer:

The input goes through a series of transformations using the hidden layer, which
finally results in output that is conveyed using this layer.

The artificial neural network takes input and computes the weighted sum of the
inputs and includes a bias. This computation is represented in the form of a transfer
function.

It determines weighted total is passed as an input to an activation function to


produce the output. Activation functions choose whether a node should fire or not.
Only those who are fired make it to the output layer. There are distinctive activation
functions available that can be applied upon the sort of task we are performing.
Advantages of Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
Parallel processing capability:

Artificial neural networks have a numerical value that can perform more than one
task simultaneously.

Storing data on the entire network:

Data that is used in traditional programming is stored on the whole network, not on
a database. The disappearance of a couple of pieces of data in one place doesn't
prevent the network from working.

Capability to work with incomplete knowledge:

After ANN training, the information may produce output even with inadequate data.
The loss of performance here relies upon the significance of missing data.

Having a memory distribution:

For ANN is to be able to adapt, it is important to determine the examples and to


encourage the network according to the desired output by demonstrating these
examples to the network. The succession of the network is directly proportional to
the chosen instances, and if the event can't appear to the network in all its aspects, it
can produce false output.

Having fault tolerance:

Extortion of one or more cells of ANN does not prohibit it from generating output,
and this feature makes the network fault-tolerance.

Disadvantages of Artificial Neural Network:


Assurance of proper network structure:

There is no particular guideline for determining the structure of artificial neural


networks. The appropriate network structure is accomplished through experience,
trial, and error.

Unrecognized behavior of the network:

It is the most significant issue of ANN. When ANN produces a testing solution, it
does not provide insight concerning why and how. It decreases trust in the network.

Hardware dependence:
Artificial neural networks need processors with parallel processing power, as per their
structure. Therefore, the realization of the equipment is dependent.

Difficulty of showing the issue to the network:

ANNs can work with numerical data. Problems must be converted into numerical
values before being introduced to ANN. The presentation mechanism to be resolved
here will directly impact the performance of the network. It relies on the user's
abilities.

The duration of the network is unknown:

The network is reduced to a specific value of the error, and this value does not give
us optimum results.

Science artificial neural networks that have steeped into the world in the mid-20 th century
are exponentially developing. In the present time, we have investigated the pros of
artificial neural networks and the issues encountered in the course of their utilization. It
should not be overlooked that the cons of ANN networks, which are a flourishing science
branch, are eliminated individually, and their pros are increasing day by day. It means
that artificial neural networks will turn into an irreplaceable part of our lives
progressively important.

How do artificial neural networks work?


Artificial Neural Network can be best represented as a weighted direct

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