1. Sarah has diagnosed as Hearth failure ( LVEF <40%) for 3 years.

She just
delivered her baby 3 months ago and now she is currently breastfeeding her baby.
What is incorrect about the treatment and recommendation for Sarah?

A. restart enalapril and continue indefinitely.

B. furosemide should be taken right after finish breastfeeding

C. Metropolol succinate is preferred beta blocker in breastfeeding

D. It is safe to add spironolactone if her symptoms is worsening.

E.Maintain chronic treatment that she was on prior to pregnancy

Ans±

What is incorrect about the management of patients with post MI?

a. advice to receive an annual influenza vaccination

b. treat Blood pressure to a target of 140/90 mmHg

c. recommend to use antioxidant vitamin for prevention of cardiovascular events

d. Give sublingual nitrate to all post MI patients.

E. maintain a high level of awareness for depression symptoms

Ans± D
(Shouldn’t we give sublingual nitrates just in acute cases not for managment?)

The pka of acetic acid, barbituric acid and ASA are 5.21, 4.371 and 3.31
respectively. Arrange these acids in their respective strengths (from lowest to
strongest)
A. Acetic acid, Barbituric acid and ASA
B. ASA, Barbituric acid and Acetic acid
C. Barbituric acid, Acetic acid and ASA
D. Acetic acid, ASA, and Barbituric acid
E. Barbituric acid, ASA, and Acetic acid
Ans± A lower the pKa stronger acid

Jp is 57 year old women,diagnosed with prinzmetal angina,which of the following

medications should not be prescribed to JP
A nitroglycerin
B asa
C metoprolol
D enalapril
E all of the above can be used
Ans± Metoprolol

Drug of choice in prinzmetal angina:

A.amlodipine
B.metoprolo
C.nitroglycrin
D.aspirin
Ans± A

Which of the following medications is the drug of choice to prevent stroke in

patient with atrial fibrillation
A dabigatran
B rivaroxaban
C apixaban
D all
Ans± D

A 67-year-old woman with a history of cardiac arrhythmias presents to her primary

care physician for follow-up. Her current medications include amiodarone. She
complains of a 4-week history of diarrhea, sweats, and muscle weakness. Her skin is
normal. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for these findings?
A. Hepatitis
B. Cardiomyopathy
C. Idiopathic hyperthyroidism
D. Iodine accumulation
E. SLE
Ans± C

CY is a 58 year old female who has heart failure (NYHA III). Her physician wants CY
to start therapy with spironolactone or eplerenone. Which of the following adverse
effects is found significantly more often with spironolactone than with eplerenone?
a. Bradycardia
b. Gynecomastia
c. Hyperkalemia
d. Prolonged QT interval
Ans± B

Reflex tachycardia, headache, postural hypertension are adverse effects that limit
the use of ?
1. Prazosin
2. Captopril
3.methyldopa
4. Guanabenz
5. Hydralazine
Ans± Hydralazine

A 76-year-old man is taking the following medicines:

 atorvastatin 40 mg once daily
 dipyridamole m/r 200 mg twice daily
 esomeprazole 40 mg once daily
 metformin m/r 500 mg twice daily
 ramipril 2.5 mg once daily
He has a history of type 2 diabetes and had a transient ischaemic attack two years
ago. He has just been diagnosed with AF and is to commence rivaroxaban 20 mg once
daily.
Which of his existing medicines should be stopped due to the commencement of
rivaroxaban?
A atorvastatin
B dipyridamole
C esomeprazole
D metformin
E ramipril
Ans± B
(Because both drugs are platelet aggregation inhibitors. Which increases risk of
bleeding)

A 10-year-old girl presents to the emergency department (ED) with a 2-day history
of frequent urination as well as burning, and she states that she just does not
feel right. The patient's vital signs in the ED include heart rate 110
beats/minute, respiratory rate 20 breaths/minute, and blood pressure 80/40 mm Hg.
Her capillary refill time is about 3 seconds. After access is obtained, the patient
is fluid resuscitated with isotonic fluids and initiated on dopamine that has been
titrated to 10 mcg/kg/minute. On examination, the patient is still hypotensive with
a blood pressure of 85/50 mm Hg, and her distal extremities are noted to be cold.

Which agent would be best to recommend adding at this time?

A Norepinephrine.
B Epinephrine.
C Phenylephrine.
D Vasopressin.
Ans± B

UB 65 years male pt with stable angina ,hypertension,hyperlipdemia, he has family

history of ACS, his BP is 154/95 and LDL-c level 4.5 mmole/L which medication
appropriate for hypertension
A Acebutolol
B lisinopril
C HCTZ
D verapamil
Ans± A

African american patient male 65y/o diagnosed with DM2 he is on metformin, he also
has dyslipidemia and is on Atorvastatin, last urianalysis detected some albuminuria
but appart of that he has no other complications, now he is also diagnosed with
Hypertension and his physician wants to start him on an Antihypertensive therapy,
which agent is more appropriate?
Amlodipine
Hydrochlorotiazid
Metoprolol
Ramipril
Ans± Ramipril (because it helps for both albuminuria as well as hypertension)

Subarachnoid hemorrhage occurs in:

A Between arachnoid and pia matter
B between dura matter and arachnoid
C between dura matter and pia
D can occurs in all the meninge layers
Ans± A

A 47-year-old man with a 9-cm right adrenal tumor is going to undergo a

laparoscopic surgical procedure to remove the tumor. It is anticipated that the
procedure will take approximately 16 h. The patient has a history of hypertension
controlled with a β-blocker. Which of the following agents, used intraoperatively,
will provide efficacious blood pressure control for the duration of the procedure?
Acebutolol
Nadolol
Pindolol
Esmolol
Metoprolol
Ans± Nadolol ,cause longest t1/2 ie 12-24hrs
(In this case...long Acting BB is recommended.
Nadolol is right. With t1/2 of 18 to 24 hrs..
Esmolol and pindolol is short acting drugs
Acebutolol t1/2 active metabolite 13 hrs
Metoprolol 7 hrs)

African american patient male 65y/o diagnosed with DM2 he is on metformin, no other
complications, now he is also diagnosed with Hypertension and his physician wants
to start him on an Antihypertensive therapy, which agent is more appropriate?
Amlodipine
Hydrochlorotiazid
Metoprolol
Ramipril
Ans± Amlodipine (American and african respond poorly to BB,ACE and ARBs)

Myocardial oxygen demand is increased by all of the following factors except

(a) Exercise
(b) Smoking
(c) Cold temperatures
(d) Isoproterenol
(e) Propranolol
Ans± E

Which of the following combinations of drugs, when used together, reduce both
preload and afterload?
(a) Nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate
(b) Hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate
(c) Captopril and methyldopa
(d) Prazosin and angiotension II
(e) Hydralazine and methyldopa
Ans± B
(Hydralazine=arterial vasodilation, Iso.dintrate= venodilation)

Glyceryl trinitrate is administratered by all of the following routes except

(a) Oral (b) Sublingual (c) Intramuscular (d) Intravenous
Ans± C (oral preparation Sustac 2,6 mg-6,4 mg)

Microcytic anemia is charecterized by

a) Iron deficiency
b)Folic acid deficiency
c) Vit -b12 deficiency
d) Intrinsic factor deficiency
e) Vitamin D deficiecny
Ans± A

Jock itch or tinea cruris is a fungal infection caused by

a' Epidermophyton
b) Aspergillus
c) Blastomyces
d) Trichophyton
e) Candida
Ans± Trichophyton

John is currently on captropil, carvediol and furosemide but his HF symptoms are
not improved. His LVEF = 32 % , HR = 75 bpm. The doctor is planning to titrate the
carvediol to the maximum dose. If his symptoms still persist, What should be
changed to John’s treatment?

A. Add eplerenone

B. Add Ivabradine

C. Add isosorbide dinitrate+ hydralazine

D. Increase the dose of Captorpil

E.Change captropil to Enalapril

Ans± C
What drug is used to decrease mortality after myocardial infarction (MI)?
A. Acetyl salicylic acid
B. Metoprolol
C. Digoxin
D. Copidogrel
E. Nitroglycerin
Ans± A

What is the most appropriate treatment option for patient with prosthetic heart
valves?

1. Warfarin 5 mg + Aspirin 81 mg

2. Clopidogrel 75 mg OD

3. Dipyridamole/ Aspirin 200/35 mg

4. Apixaban 5 mg BID

5. Ticlopidine 250 mg BID

Ans± 1

JP is 64 year old women who presents to your pharmacy complaining of

nausea,diarrhea and anorexia for the past 3 days,she said that her physician added
amiodarone about 3weeks ago
Her current medications are
Asa,digoxin,enalapril.
Which of the following is the best recommendation for JP
A tell her to stop taking Asa until she feels better
B tell her to stop taking amiodarone
C give her loperamide to relieve symptoms
D suggest her to measure serum digoxin level
Ans± D (as digoxin has side effects of GI upset)

A patient with stage I hypertension who has bronchospastic airway disease and who
is non compliant would be best treated with which of the following B/blocking
agent?
a) timolol
b) Penbutolol
c) esmolol
d) acebutalol
e) Propranolol
Ans± D
(Patient with airway disease. First go for cardioselective beta blockers.
BE A MAN
Bisoprolol, Esmolol, Acebutolol, Metoprolol, Atenolol, Nebivolol.
.
Esmolol here is short acting IV drug used to treat hypertensive crisis.
Acebutolol with t1/2 of 13 hrs (active metabolite) will help pt non
compliance ..fewer dose per day..and it is cardio selective.)

NA influ is responsible for

A rapid repolarisation
B slow depolarization
C rapid depolarization
D slow depolarization
Ans± C (Initially slow depolarization and later rapid depolarization happens ...)
Which of the following not a method to treat CHF?
A. Strengthening heart contractility
B. Reducing heart rate
C. Removal of accumulated fluid
D. decreasing adenosine levels
E. Enhancing perfusion by vasodilation
Ans± D

A semiconscious patieny of haemorrhagic cerebral stroke has been brought to the

emergency. His BP id 240/120 mmHg. Select the procedure to lower his blood pressure
as rapidly as possible)
A. Sublingual Nifedipine
B. I/M hydralazine
C. I/V sodium nitroprusside
D. I/v clonidine
Ans± C (Because it acts within seconds, Relax both resistand and capacitance
vessel)
Here the procedure must be rapid. ..
Sod nitruprusside is preferred over hydralazine .. because later will act in 10 to
20 mins when compared to former which is within 0.5 to 1mins
In emergency sodium nitroprusside is the best choice
add figure

patient returns to her health care provider for routine monitoring 3 months after
her hypertension regimen was modified. Labs reveal elevated serum potassium. Which
is likely responsible for this hyperkalemia?
A. Chlorthalidone. B. Clonidine.
C. Furosemide.
D. Losartan.
E. Nifedipine
Ans± losartan..... All ARB, ACEi and potassium sparing diuretic cause hypokalemia

A 40-year-old male has recently been diagnosed with hypertension due to pressure
readings of 163/102 and 165/100 mm Hg. He also has diabetes that is well controlled
with oral hypoglycemic medications. Which is the best initial treatment regimen for
treatment of hypertension in this patient?
A. Felodipine.
B. Furosemide.
C. Lisinopril.
D. Lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide.
E. Metoprolol.
Ans± C

55-year-old male with kidney stones has been placed on a diuretic to decrease
calcium excretion. However, after a few weeks, he develops an attack of gout. Which
diuretic was he taking?
A. Furosemide.
B. Hydrochlorothiazide.
C. Spironolactone.
D. Triamterene.
E. Urea.
Ans± furosemide.... bcoz it cause hupocalcemia and hyperurecemia

75-year-old woman with hypertension is being treated with a thiazide. Her blood
pressure responds well and reads at 120/76 mm Hg. After several months on the
medication, she complains of being tired and weak. An analysis of the blood
indicates low values for which of the following?
A. Calcium. B. Glucose. C. Potassium. D. Sodium.
E. Uric acid.
Ans± C

Which best describes the action of ACE inhibitors on the failing heart?
A. ACE inhibitors increase vascular resistance. B. ACE inhibitors decrease cardiac
output.
C. ACE inhibitors reduce preload.
D. ACE inhibitors increase aldosterone.
Ans± C

How do β-blockers improve cardiac function in HF?

A. By decreasing cardiac remodeling.
B. By increasing heart rate.
C. By increasing renin release.
D. By activating norepinephrine.
Ans± A

Which of the following is the drug of choice to treat secondary preventation of

cardiogenic shock?
A- ASA
B- warfarin
C- statins
D- beta blockers
E- ACEI
Ans± A
(this occur in most cases following myocardial infarcation so the preventation
treatment would be aspirin as same case as post MI)
add figure

Which of the following is not recommended in patients with STEMI?

A.Beta blockers
B.Aspirin
C.Calcium channel blockers
D.Clopidogrel
Ans± C

A pt newly diagnosed with HT.His comordities include diabetes,hepatitis C with

moderate liver impairment.which is to be given with thiazide diuretic
1,lisinopril
2,fosinopril
3,spirinolactone
4,furosemide
Ans± 2
(Ace are preferred choice in DM , and Fosinopril has an advantage of less
hepatotoxic as compared to lisinopril..)

All of the following drugs can increase Digoxin serum concentration if used
concomitantly EXCEPT:
1. Clarithromycin
2. Posaconazole
3.Amiodarone.
4. Phenytoin
Ans± Phenytoin, as Phenytoin decreases Digoxin serum Concentration

Which of the following medicine shoud ideally be avoided in Heart Failure with
Preserved Ejection Fraction patients?
1.Verapamil
2. Diclofenac
3. Amlodipine
4. Metolozone
Ans± Diclofenac
NSAIDS should be avoided in Heart Failure
Verapamil can be used in HFpEF and should be avoided in HFrEF

JP is 65 year old women with atrial fibrillation,doctor want to prescribe her an

anticoagulant to prevent stroke,her CrCl is 20ml/min what is the appropriate
treatment for JP:
A dabigatran
B apixaban
C rivaroxaban
D warfarin
E heparine
Ans± Apixoban is DOC to prevent stroke in patient with atrial fibrillation and
Crcl>15ml/min
Because here we need to prevent stroke for patient with atrial fibrillation:we can
use dabigatran,apixaban and rivaroxaban but since she has crcl<20ml/min the
preffered agent is apixaban can be used in crcl>15ml/min
In TC it is written that Apixaben, Dabigatran, rivaroxaban are approved for
prevention of stroke in patients with AF. While patient is already having issue
with renal, Apixaban is the safe. That’s y it’s Apixaben

what is the target hypertension for diabetic patient

A 135/85
B 140/90
C 130/80
D 120/80
Ans± C

which of the following medications used in patient with acute coronary syndrome
undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
A bivaluridin
B ASA
C Asa+clopidogrel
D warfarin
E Alteplase
Ans± A
Bivaluridin used in patient undergoing PCI

AR is 65year man is diagnosed with uncomplicated hypertension ,he is at higher risk

of arrhythmia what is the appropriate treatment for him
A hydrochlorothiazide
B hydrochlorothiazide +spironolactone
C hydrochlorothiazide+enalapril
D ramipril+ atenolol
E candesartan+hydrochlorothiazide
Ans± B

Which of the following medications should be avoided in breastfeeding women

A ramipril
B ivabradine
C atenolol
D nifedipine
E B and C
Ans± E
All can be used in breastfeeding women except:
Atenolol,diuretics and ivabradine

Which of the following diuretics that change the color of urine to blue:
A triamterene
B eplerenone
C amiloride
D furosemide
E ethacrynic acid
Ans± A

All of the following situations can lead to digoxine toxicity except

A hypokalemia
B hypomagnesemia
C use of amiodarone
D use of dronedarone
E hyperkalemia
Ans± E

Which of the following drugs can increase the risk of torsade de pointe
A sotalol
B amiodarone
C atenolol
D ciprofloxacin
E A&B
Ans± E
Amiodarone and sotalol cause QT prolongation

AR is 57 year old women diagnosed with stable angina,which of the following

medications is not recommended therapy for her:
A ramipril
B asa
C carvedilol
D clopidogrel
E asa+clopidogrel
Ans± E

*which of the following agents is not used to treat angina symptoms?

A Propranolol
B Nitroglycerin
C Ranolazine
D Digoxin*
Ans± D

All of the following agents can be used to manage atrial fibrillation except
A verapamil
B lidocaine
C dronedarone
D propranolol
Ans± B

BH is 52 year old african american woman who has HFrEF. Shi is seen in clinic today
reporting stable HF symptoms, but is having ocassionally peripheral brightness.
Otherwise, vision is unchanged. Current medication regimen includes sacubitril-
valsarten, carvedilil, fixed dose hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate, ivabradine
and bumetanide. Which is the best recommendation to minimize the adverse effect of
peripheral brightness±
a) Stopp all HF medications immediately
b) Discontinue sacubitril-valsarten only
c)Do nothing. This adverse effect will slowly improve over time
d) Reduce the dose of ivarbradine
Ans± d
A 70 year old woman has HFrEF and hypertension. She takes linsopril and metoprolol
tartrate. She feels well and has no cough, shortness of breath, or edema. Which of
the following changes is most appropriate for her drug therapy?
a) Initiate digoxin
b) Change linsopril to losartan
c) Initiate ivabradine
d) Change metoprolo tartarate to metoprolol succinate
Ans± D

DD is a 50 year old male with newly diagnosed hypertension. His comorbidities

include diabetes and chronic hepatitis C infection with moderate liver impairment.
He requires two drugs for initial treatment of his hypertension. Which should be
prescribed in combination with a thiazide diuretic=
a) Lisinopril
b)Spironolactone
c)Fosinopril
d)Furosemide
e)Hydralazine
Ans± A
Because adding an additional diuretics is not recommended. eg. Spironolactone or
furosemide.
Patient has compelling indication for ACEI to protect his kidney.
Secondly, pt has liver injury
Fosinopril is converted by hepatic enzymes.
Lisinopril does not undergo hepatic conversion to active metabolite.
Patient doesn't hv compelling indication for hydralazine.

A patient is admitted to the emergency department with

severe tachycardia after a drug overdose. His family reports
that he has been depressed about his hypertension. Which
one of the following drugs increases the heart rate in a dosedependent
manner?
(A) Captopril
(B) Hydrochlorothiazide
(C) Losartan
(D) Minoxidil
(E) Verapamil
Ans± D
ACE inhibitors (choice A), ARBs (choice C), and diuretics (choice B) do not
significantly increase heart rate. Although dihydropyridine calcium channel
blockers do not usually reduce rate markedly (and may increase it), verapamil E)
and diltiazem do inhibit the sinoatrial node and predictably decrease rate. Other
direct vasodilators (choice
D) regularly increase heart rate, and minoxidil, a very efficacious vasodilator,
causes severe tachycardia that must be controlled with β blockers.

A 73-year-old man with a history of a recent change in his

treatment for moderately severe hypertension is brought to
the emergency department because of a fall at home. Which
of the following drug groups is most likely to cause postural
hypotension and thus an increased risk of falls?
(A) ACE inhibitors
(B) Alpha1-selective receptor blockers
(C) Arteriolar dilators
(D) Beta1-selective receptor blockers
(E) Nonselective β blockers
Ans± Ans is B. Drug-induced postural (orthostatic) hypotension is usually due to
venous pooling or excessive diuresis and inadequate blood volume. Venous pooling is
normally prevented by α-receptor activation in vascular smooth muscle; thus,
orthostatic hypotension is caused or exacerbated by α1 blockers, eg, prazosin.

When nitrates are used in combination with other drugs for

the treatment of angina, which one of the following combinations
results in additive effects on the variable specified?
(A) Beta blockers and nitrates on end-diastolic cardiac size
(B) Beta blockers and nitrates on heart rate
(C) Beta blockers and nitrates on venous tone
(D) Calcium channel blockers and β blockers on cardiac force
(E) Calcium channel blockers and nitrates on heart rate
Ans± Ans is D. The effects of β blockers (or calcium channel blockers) and nitrates
on heart size, force, venous tone, and heart rate are opposite. The effects of β
blockers and calcium channel blockers on the variables specified here are the same.

A 55-year-old man is admitted to the emergency department

and is found to have an abnormal ECG. Overdose of an antiarrhythmic
drug is considered. Which of the following drugs
is correctly paired with its ECG effects?
(A) Quinidine: Increased PR and decreased QT intervals
(B) Flecainide: Increased PR, QRS, and QT intervals
(C) Verapamil: Increased PR interval
(D) Lidocaine: Decreased QRS and PR interval
(E) Metoprolol: Increased QRS duration
Ans± The answer is C. All the associations listed are incorrect except verapamil.
Because calcium blockers slow AV conduction, verapamil and diltiazem increase PR
interval and have little effect on the other ECG variables.

In deciding on a treatment regimen with procainamide

for this patient, which of the following statements is most
correct?
(A) A possible drug interaction with digoxin suggests that digoxin blood levels
should be obtained before and after starting procainamide
(B) Hyperkalemia should be avoided to reduce the likelihood of procainamide
toxicity
(C) Procainamide cannot be used if the patient has asthma because it has a β-
blocking effect
(D) Procainamide cannot be used if the patient has angina because it has a β-
agonist effect
(E) Procainamide is not active by the oral route
Ans± B. Because Hyperkalemia facilitates procainamide toxicity. Procainamide is
active by the oral route and has a duration of action of 2–4 h (in the prompt-
release form). Procainamide has no significant documented interaction with digoxin
and no significant β-agonist or β-blocking action.

Drug of choice for intermittent claudication

A. Warfarin
B. Rivaroxaban
C.Aspirin
D.Enoxaparin
Ans± C

Rhythm control with catheter ablation should be considered first line in atrial
flutter and should usually be considered second line in AF?? TorF
True

Avoid use of flecanide and propafenone in patient with structural heart disease
TorF
True
Normal breathing rate is 15 or 25??
12-16breath/min is correct

A 57 year old patient is a regular customer of your pharmacy who is currently on

hydrochlorothiazide.he complains of a couple of side effect,which of the following
is not related to his medication
A elevation of acid uric level
B erectile dysfunction
C hyperglycemia
D hypokalemia
E hypocalcemia
Ans± E

which of the following is a selective BB with ISA

A atenolol
B propranolol
C pindolol
D acebutolol
E timolol
Ans± D

MP is 35 year old man diagnosed with type 2DM,hypertension and hyperlipidemia and
sexual dysfunction.what is the most appropriate treatment for him
A CCB+ACE
B BB+ACE
C ARBs+BB
D ACE+thiazidic
E B1 bloker+ACE
Ans± The correct answer is A
in higher risk patient use benazepril+CCB

purple toe syndrome is SE of

A amiodarone
B raynaud phenomenon
C warfarin
D rifampin
E verapamil
Ans± C

Jp is 57 year diabetic patient newly diagnosed with cholesterol,which of the

following medications is least appropriate for him
A ezetimibe
B rosuvastatine
C niacin
D fenofibrate
E all can be used
Ans±

Which of the following medication should be avoided in patient with HFpEF:

A verapamil
B metoprolol
C ramipril
D eplerenone
E all can be used
Ans± E
Verapamil and diltiazem are CI in HFrEF but can be used in HFpEF

What is prefered in prevention of ischemic stroke Dipyridamole/asa or

Clopidogrel/asa?
Ans± DIPYRIDAMOLE/ASA

The DOC for Reynaud phenomenon?

Ans± CCB

Isolated systolic hypertension -which drug should not use?

Ans± ACEi

Jp is 57 year diabetic patient newly diagnosed with cholesterol,which of the

following medications is least appropriate for him
A ezetimibe
B rosuvastatine
C niacin
D fenofibrate
E all can be used
Ans± C
Niacin increases level of glucose and acid uric

HTN emergency
Saurav Ganguly HELP
Sodium NitroPrusside
GTN (nitroglycerin)
Hydralazine
Esmolol
Labetalol
Phentolamine

Post MI :
Lidocaine
Mexiletine
Tocainide
Contraindicated Post Mi:
Flecainide
Propafenone

Heart failure initially first line is ACEI and diuretics, then beta blockers,
positive inotropic agents like digoxin etc vasodilators combination
ISDN+hydralazine

All those medicines who work on dilation of blood vessels have 5 similar side
effects. These drug class includes Alpha Blockers (prazocin family), VasoDilators
(Sodium Nitroprusside, Minoxidil, Hydralazine, Diazoxide) and CCB (Nefidipine
Family):

1. Reflex Tachycardia
2. Orthostatic Hypotension (Dizziness)
3. Facial flushing
4. Headache
5. Nasal congestion

Drugs can be given in pregnancy:

Methyldopa
Hydralazine
Labetalol
Nefidipine

For White and Young patients, HTN recommended classes are A & B
Ace inhibitors and Beta Blockers
For Old and Black patients, HTN recommended classes are C & D
CCB and Diuretics

ACEI side effects

Remember drug name CAPTOPRIL
C- dry Cough
A- Angioedema
P- proteinuria(rare)
T- Taste changes
O- hypOtension
P- pregnancy X
R- Rashes
I- increased potassium
L- low AT 2 and low aldosterone

HYPERTENSION:

ACEI not for black patients, instead give: isosorbide dinitrate / hydralazine
BB not for over 60 years old
Diuretics preferred in elderly
Thiazides + loop diuretics - hypokalemia
Potassium sparring- hyperkalemia
Carbonic anhydrase I- for glaucoma + motion sickness ( climbing high mountains)
Diabetics -avoid BB + give ACE/ ARB + b.p:130/80 mm Hg
Avoid ACEI in isolated systolic hypertension
Sodium nitroprusside -for emergency hypertension
Drug Causes of HTN: oral contraceptives+ venlafaxine + MAO I