COURSE PLAN

LOURDES COLLEGE OF NURSING, SIDHI SADAN

COURSE PLAN

Year : 1st year

Subject : physiology

Placement : 1st year

Theory : 90hrs

Nursing faculty : 0 hrs

External faculty : 80 hrs

Practical : 10 hrs

Course Description:

The Course is designed to enable the students to acquire knowledge of the normal physiology of various human body systems and

understand the alterations in physiology in diseases and apply this in practice of nursing.
 Unit Time (Hrs.) Learning Objectives Content Teaching Learning Assessment
activities Methods

Cell Physiology
I 4 Describe the physiology  Homeostasis-definition Essay,
of cell, tissues,  Cell membrane-structure Lecture cum Short answers,
membranes and gland  Tissue formation, repair discussion Very short
 Concept of ECF & ICF. answers
 Transport across cell membrane-active transport
(Na- K pump), diffusion, and osmosis.
 Intravenous fluid therapy- basic principles
 Alteration in disease
 Applications and implications in nursing.

Describe the bone Skeletal system

formation , growth and  Bone formation and growth Lecture, Discussion, Essay,
II 3 movements of skeletal  Functions and movements of bones of axial and Charts, Models, Short answers,
system appendicular skeleton Demonstration Very short
 Bone healing answers
 Movements of joints
 Alteration in disease
 Applications and implications in nursing.

Describe the muscle -Lecture cum Essay,

Muscular system
III 5 movements and tone Discussion. Short answers,
 Stimulus and nerve – impulse –
and demonstrate -Explain using charts, Very short
definition and mechanism
muscle contraction and models slides, answers
 Membrane potentials
tone specimen and films.
  Neuromuscular transmission -
 Types of muscles Demonstr ation
 Skeletal muscle:- of muscle movemen
 structure of sarcomere, ts,
muscle proteins(briefly), tone and contracti
excitation-contraction coupling, on
physiology of
skeletal
muscle contraction(briefly),
 Starlings law of skeletal muscle
contraction
 Smooth muscle:-physiology of
smooth muscle
contraction (briefly)
 Cardiac muscle:-
 properties-excitability,
rhythmicity, contractility,
conductivity,
refractory period
 Alteration in disease
 Applications and
implications in nursing.

Nervous System
Describe the physiology  Functions of Neuroglia, neurons, brain, spinal Lecture discussion
of nerve stimulus, cord, cranial and spinal nerves Explain using Charts,
IV 10 reflexes, brain, cranial  Cerebrospinal fluid- formation, composition, films. Essay,
and spinal nerves circulation, functions Demonstration Short answers,
Demonstrate reflex  Synapse-types, properties- one way Very short
conduction, synaptic delay, synaptic
action and stimulus inhibition, convergence, divergence, fatigue answers
 Neurotransmitters ( mention the names) -
acetylcholine, GABA, glycine, serotonin
 Reflex arc, Reflex action and Reflexes-
monosynaptic (stretch reflex) and
polysynaptic reflex (withdrawal
reflex)
 Sensory system:-receptors- classification,
receptor
 potential (briefly), sensory
 modalities (briefly), name all sensory
pathways and sensations carried, sensory
cortex.
- Spinothalamic pathway (in detail)
 -Pain:-
 somatic, visceral and referred pain
 Functions of thalamus and hypothalamus
 Motor system-motor cortex- mention,
descending tracts, pyramidal tracts in detail
(diagram)
 -Extrapyramidal tracts (briefly).
 Functions of Cerebellum and basal ganglia
 Muscle tone
 Stages of sleep
 EEG-waves and clinical significance.
 Autonomic nervous system- organization and
functions (briefly)
 Alteration in disease
 Applications and implications in nursing.
 Physiology of Blood
 Functions, composition:-
 Plasma, RBC, WBC, Platelets. Lecture discussion
 Plasmaprotein and functions Explain using Charts,
Describe the Physiology  RBC- Structure,normal Count films.
and functions of blood.  , functions Demonstration Essay,
V 8 of Blood cell count,
Demonstrat e  -ESR, PCV, osmotic fragility. Short answers,
blood cell count,  -Erythropoesis and factors affecting coagulation, Very short
coagulation, grouping, grouping, Haemogl answers
 -Haemoglobin-Structure, Normal value,
obin estimation,
functions, types
 WBC-classification, morphology, functions
of each cell, normal count.
 -Immunity- definition, types-
innate,acquired, mechanism,
 -Immunoglobulins- types(briefly), functions
 Platelets-Structure, normal count,
functions.
 -Haemostasis
 vasoconstriction, platelet plug
formation ,extrinsic and intrinsic mechanism,
Clot retraction
 -Tests- bleeding time, clotting time
 Blood groups- ABO and Rh systems,
landsteiners law- 1&2, blood grouping,
crossmatching,concept of universal donor
and recipient,
 Rh & ABO incompatibility
 Lymph formation and functions
  Alteration in disease
 Applications and implications in nursing.

Cardiovascular system

 Conduction system of the heart-origin and spread

of cardiac impulse.
 ECG- normal ECG- P, Q, R, S, T waves, 12
leads, uses of ECG.
Describe the physiology  Cardiac cycle-definition, duration, phases, Lecture discussion
of cardiovascular system. pressure changes in ventricles and aorta& normal Explain using charts.
VI 10 Demonstrate: BP and values, volume changes.
Pulse monitoring demonstrate : Essay,
 JVP-normal waves
 Heart sounds- conduction Short answers,
 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th murmur- definition, Causes System. Very short
 Arterial pulse- definition, characters of normal Measurement of answers
pulse. pulse, BP
 Cardiac output- definition; normal value;
regulation- stroke volume &heart rate, factors
influencing.
 Haemodynamics- turbulent and laminar flow
 Arterial blood pressure- definition, normal
values, systolic BP, diastolic BP, mean arterial
BP; pulse pressure;
 determinants/factors
 affecting BP-cardiac output, peripheral
resistance, elasticity.
 variations – hypertension, hypotension.
 Coronary circulation- functions and special
features
  Cerebral circulation (brief)
 Alteration in disease
 Applications and implications in nursing.

The Respiratory System

 Functions- respiratory, non respiratory

 Mechanics of ventilation – inspiration,

expiration; muscles of respiration;
intrapleural and intrapulmonary
pressure changes. Lecture discussion
 surfactant- functions; Lung volumes and Explain using charts,
Describe the physiology
capacities- definition, normal values, spirogram films
VII 8 and mechanisms of
respiration  dead space- mention; Demonstration of
Demonsterates  Alveolar ventilation and pulmonary spirometry
Essay,
spirometry ventilation.
Short answers,
 Pulmonary diffusion
Very short
 Transport of respiratory gases – answers
 O2 transport; O2 carrying capacity of
haemoglobin, oxygen- haemoglobin
dissociation curve- factors causing shift of ODC
 CO2 transport
 -Exchange of respiratory gases at
tissue level.
 Regulation of respiration - Neural & chemical
 Oxygen therapy
 Oxygen toxicity
 cyanosis- definition, types
  Alteration in disease
 Applications and implications in nursing.

The Digestive System

 Salivary gland-
 types, composition and functions of saliva
 Stomach-
 gastric juice- composition and functions, HCl
secretion- mechanism, regulation of secretion,
factors affecting secretion.
 Pancreas-
Lecture, discussion
 pancreatic juice- composition, functions and
Describe the physiology Explain using charts
hormones regulating.
of digestive system and films
 Liver and gall bladder-
VIII 7  functions of liver and gall bladder,
composition and functions of bile
enterohepatic circulation
 Small intestine- Essay,
 functions, composition and functions of Short answers,
intestinal juice, brush border enzymes. Very short
 Large intestine- answers
 functions, intestinal flora- functions, dietary
fiber.
 Movements of GIT- mastication
(mention), deglutition- stages, gastric
motility,peristalsis, movements of large
intestine,movements of small
intestine,defecation reflex(brief)
 GI hormones- gastrin, secretin, CCK-PZ
  Metabolism of CHO, Protein & fat.
 Alteration in disease
 Applications and implications in nursing.

Renal System

 Functions of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder

and urethra

 Nephron- structure, types, juxta Lecture, discussion

glomerular apparatus Explain using charts
 Renal blood flow (brief) and films
 Mechanism of urine formation
 -Glomerular filtration - GFR definition,
normal value, factors influencing Lecture, discussion
 -Tubular reabsorption- Sodium, water, Explain using charts Very short
Describe the physiology glucose, urea. and films answers
IX 7 of excretory system  -Tubular secretion- H+, K+ - mention.
 -acidification of urine
 Renal clearance- definition
 Renal threshold and transport maximum of
glucose. Essay,
 Urine concentrating mechanism of kidney- Short answers,
counter current mechanism- multiplier and Very short
exchangers (briefly). answers
 Micturition- innervations of bladder,
micturition reflex
 Urine- normal output, constituents- normal
and abnormal (albumin, glucose) Polyuria,
oliguria, anuria
 (mention)
  Alteration in disease
 Applications and implications in nursing.

Skin and Temperature regulation

 Functions of skin
 Normal body temperature, measurement
 Regulation of body temperature- role of skin
and hypothalamus
 Alteration in disease
 Applications and implications in nursing.

Lecture, discussion
Explain using charts
Describe the physiology Special Senses and films
X 2 of skin
 Functional anatomy of Eye
 -visual receptors-
 functions of rods and cones Essay,
 visual pathway Short answers,
 visual acuity- mention tests Very short
 -colour vision- receptor, answers
 colour blindness(briefly)

 Functional anatomy of ear

 organ of corti
 Mechanism of hearing Lecture, discussion
XI 5 Describe the physiology  Pathway in brief Explain using charts
of sensory organs  Hearing tests and films
 Vestibular apparatus
 olfaction- receptors and pathway
 Taste-
 receptors, primary taste sensations (pathways in Essay,
comparison) Short answers,
 Alteration in disease Very short
 Applications and implications in nursing. answers

Endocrine System

 Functions of endocrine glands

 Hypothalamus:-
 Endocrine functions, hypothalamo
hypophyseal portal system, feedback loop
 Pituitary Gland:-
 -Hormones of anterior pituitary- Growth
hormone- functions,other hormones- functions-
(briefly)
 -Role of releasing and inhibitory hormones of
each gland-mention;
 -Posterior pituitary- functions & physiological
actions of ADH,
Lecture, discussion
 Oxytocin-
Explain using charts
XII 5  Physiological actions and functions. and films
Describe the physiology  neuroendocrine reflex
of endocrine glands.  Thyroid gland-
 hormones and functions
 Parathyroid gland- hormones
influencing calcium homeostasis-
parathyroid hormone, Essay,
vitamin D, calcitonin; normal plasma calcium Short answers,
levels. Very short
 Parathyroid hormone- functions. answers
 Endocrine pancreas
 -types of cells and hormones,
 insulin-actions, glucagon- action
 Adrenal glands-
 adrenal cortex-functional anatomy;
hormones- glucocorticoids,
mineralocorticoids, sex hormones and their
actions;
 Adrenal medulla- catecholamines- actions
 Alteration in disease
 Applications and implications in nursing.

Reproductive System

 Male reproductive system:-

 -Functions of testes
 -Functions of testosterone
 -Spermatogenesis and factors influencing
it.
 Female reproductive system:- - Oogenesis
 -Functions of ovary
 -Action of oestrogens and progesterone
 Menstrual cycle; ovarian, uterine , cervical and
 vaginal changes during menstrual cycle
 -Ovulation, tests of ovulation(Mention)
 -Hormonal regulation of menstrual cycle
 -menarche and menopause.
 Pregnancy-fertilization, implantation, corpus Lecture, discussion
luteum of pregnancy (brief); placenta- Explain using charts,
XIII 4 functions, tests for pregnancy-immunological films, modals and
Describe the physiology test specimens
of male and female  Lactation- Functions of breast, hormones
reproductive system influencing lactation, review of neuroendocrine
reflex.
 Physiological principles underlying
contraception Essay,
 Alteration in disease Short answers,
 Applications and implications in nursing Very short
answers

Lymphatic and Immunological System

 Circulation of Lymph
 Immunity
 Formation of T-cells and B Cells.
 Types of Immune response
 Antigens
 Cytokines
 Antibodies
 Lecture discussion
XIV 4 Explain using Charts,
films.
Describe the physiology Demonstration
of lymphatic and
immunological system

Essay,
Short answers,
Very short
answers

Evaluation Criteria
Theory: 25 internal assessment, 75 external assessment

Sl. No ASSESSMENT WEIGHT AGE MARKS

1 Unit test 15% 3.75

2 Sectional exam 50% 12.5

3 assignment 15% 3.75
4 Model exam 20% 5
5 total 100% 25
References:-
 Guyton A C, Hall J E. Medical Physiology, Philadelphia, Grayten & Hall.
 Review of Medical Physiology: Ganong.
 Chaudhary, Concise Medical Physiology :
 A.K.Jain, Textbook of Physiology for Nurses
 P.R Ashalatha ,Textbook of Anatomy & Physiolgy for Nurses, Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi
 Khurana I Text Book of Medical Physiology, New Delhi, Elsevier