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Module 4 AB Power Tractor

This document discusses power delivery methods in tractors and methods for determining tractor size. Tractors deliver power through traction of drive wheels, drawbar pull, power take-off shaft, hydraulic system, and electric power. Tractor power equations are provided for drawbar power and power take-off power. Methods for determining tractor size include using specific draft values for soil types and specific resistance values for farm implements. An example problem calculates the draft requirement, drawbar horsepower, and recommended tractor size for a four bottom plow based on soil type and operation details.

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Arman Rivera
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508 views

Module 4 AB Power Tractor

This document discusses power delivery methods in tractors and methods for determining tractor size. Tractors deliver power through traction of drive wheels, drawbar pull, power take-off shaft, hydraulic system, and electric power. Tractor power equations are provided for drawbar power and power take-off power. Methods for determining tractor size include using specific draft values for soil types and specific resistance values for farm implements. An example problem calculates the draft requirement, drawbar horsepower, and recommended tractor size for a four bottom plow based on soil type and operation details.

Uploaded by

Arman Rivera
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 4 – AB Power Engineering - Tractor

Tractors deliver power in several ways. Pulled or towed implements are powered through the traction
of drive wheels and the pull or draft from the drawbar. Rotary power is obtained from the power-take off (PTO)
shaft of from a belt pulley. Both linear and rotary power can be produced by a tractor’s hydraulic system. Some
implements require electric power from tractors. The figure shows the mechanical transmission efficiency for a
tractor on a concrete surface.

Figure 1. Power Efficiencies for Tractor on Concrete.

Some tractor power equation:

FC
Drawbar Power ( DBP ) = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(1)
c
Where:
DBP – Drawbar power, kW or Hp
F – Force, kN or lb
S – Forward Speed, km/hr or mph
C – suitable constant, 3.6 or 375
2 π FR N 2 πTN
PTO Power ( PTOP )= =
c c
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(2)
Where:
PTOP – PTO Power, kW or HP
F – Tangential Force, kN or lb
R- Radius of Force Rotation, m or ft
N – Revolutions per Minute
T- Torque, N.m or Lb-ft
C –Suitable constant, 60 or 33 000

Tractor Size Determination

The primary tillage operations demand the highest draft requirements such that the process of
determining tractor size is based on them.
Methods of Estimating Tractor Size:
1. Use of specific draft. Unit draft is the specific resistance of a given type of soil at a given moisture content to
allow the passage of a tillage implement. Table below shows the unit draft of differential soil types.

Unit Draft of Different Soils


Type of Soil Unit Draft (psi) Type of Soil Unit Draft (psi)
1. Sandy Soil 3 5. Silt Loam, Dry 6-7
2. Sandy Loam, Moist 3-4 6. Clay Loam, Moist 6-7
3. Sandy Loam, Dry 4-6 7. Clay Loam, Dry 7-8
4. Silt Loam, Moist 5-6 8. Heavy Clay 10-11

Example:
Determine the draft requirement, drawbar horsepower and the tractor size for an operation using a four bottom
28’’ disc plow with a furrow width of 12’’. The soil type is dry clay loam. Use an average speed of 3.5 mph and
10’’ depth of cut.
Solution to the Problem:
1. use the table above, the unit draft is 8 psi.
2. Draft = Area x unit draft = (width x depth of cut x no. of bottoms) x unit draft
2.1 Draft = 12’’ x 10 ‘’ x 4 bottom x 8 psi
2.2 Draft = 3840 lbs
3. Drawbar Horsepower (DHP) = (D x S) / 375
3.1 DHP = 35.84 HP
4. Tractor size = Drawbar Horsepower x T.F
4.1 Tractor size = 35.84 x 1.25
4.2 Tractor size = 44.80 HP

2. Use of Specific Resistance of Implements. Data on the specific resistance of selected implements can be
found in some handbooks and literatures on agricultural engineering. Using the same procedure as above,
power requirements of operations and approximate sizes of power units can be calculated. The table below
gives a partial list of these data.

Specific Resistance Offered by Various Farm Machines


Operation Machine Specific Resistance
Tillage Chisel Plow 200-800 lb/ft
Subsoiller 70-160 lb/in depth/bottom
Rotary Tiller 5-10 PTO HP/ft
Cultivation Rotary Hoe 30-100 lb/ft
Shallow Row Crop Cultivator 40-80 lb/ft
Chemical Application Anhydrous Ammonia Applicator 420 lb/knife
Planting Corn Planter 80-120 lb/row
Corn, Soybeans, or Cotton-Drilling 250-450 lb/row
All Attachment
Harvesting Mower only 4 DHP/ft; 0.5 PTO HP/ft

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