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SDLC Process Software (QA) Testing

O’RIGHT Software Development Lifecycle

Standard Operating Procedure

Software Quality Assurance Testing

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30/09/2022

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IMPORTANT NOTE: This document contains confidential information…

2022 O’RIGHT. All rights reserved.

Documentation History

Date Rev Author Comments

30-09-2022 A Sakshi Bhatia Initial Release

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Approvals
Authors: Approved by:
Name(s): Name:
Date:

Name:
Date:

Name:
Date:

Name:
Date:

Name: Date:

Name:
Date:

Name:
Date:

Table of Contents
DOCUMENTATION HISTORY ......................................................................................................................................... 1
APPROVALS .................................................................................................................................................................... 2
GLOSSARY ...................................................................................................................................................................... 3
1. PROCESS SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................ 4
1.1 Test Approaches .................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Best Practices......................................................................................................................................................... 4
1.3 Parent Process ....................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.4 Test Activity Procedures ......................................................................................................................................... 5
1.4.1 QA Testing Role ............................................................................................................................................. 5
1.4.2 Test Stages .................................................................................................................................................... 5
1.5 Test Case Designs ................................................................................................................................................. 7
1.5.1 Design Procedures ......................................................................................................................................... 7
1.5.2 Test Data ........................................................................................................................................................ 7
2. INPUT........................................................................................................................................................................... 8
2.1.1 Test Plans ....................................................................................................................................................... 8
2.1.2 Test Cases ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
3. TEST PROCESS ......................................................................................................................................................... 8
3.1.1 Scrum Model .................................................................................................................................................. 9
3.2 Unit Testing .......................................................................................................................................................... 10
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SDLC Process Software (QA) Testing

3.3 Functional Testing ................................................................................................................................................ 10

3.4 Integration Testing ................................................................................................................................................ 10
3.5 System Testing ..................................................................................................................................................... 11
4. ANALYZE ................................................................................................................................................................... 11
4.1.1 Test Completion Criteria ............................................................................................................................... 11
4.1.2 Defects Classification ................................................................................................................................... 11
4.1.3 Testing Measurements ................................................................................................................................. 11
4.1.4 Defect Measurements .................................................................................................................................. 11
5. OUTPUTS .................................................................................................................................................................. 12
5.1 Unit Testing .......................................................................................................................................................... 12
5.2 Functional Testing ................................................................................................................................................ 12
5.3 Integration Testing ................................................................................................................................................ 12
5.4 System Testing ..................................................................................................................................................... 12
6. USER ACCEPTANCE TESTING ............................................................................................................................... 12
6.1 Criteria .................................................................................................................................................................. 12
6.2 Output ................................................................................................................................................................... 13
7. APPENDIX A: DEFECTS CLASSIFICATION ............................................................................................................ 13

Glossary
Term Description
Acceptance Verifies that a completed system meets the original business objectives as described by the
Testing system requirements.
Black-box Focuses on software’s external attributes and behaviour. Such testing looks at an application’s
testing expected behaviour from the user’s point of view.
where test cases are generated using the extremes of the input domain, e.g. maximum,
Boundary minimum, just inside/outside boundaries, typical values, and error values. It is similar to
Equivalence Partitioning but focuses on "corner cases".
A sprint, in Agile software development, is a set period of time during which specific work has to
Sprint
be completed and made ready for review.
SW Software
UAT User Acceptance Testing

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1. PROCESS SUMMARY
This document provides key testing activities that are tracked and managed during SDLC. They are:
 QA Standard Operating Procedures
 Set of procedures that includes o QA processes o Roles
oResponsibilities  Agile/QA best practices

1.1 Test Approaches

The primary goal of testing is as follows:
 Evaluate the quality of a system throughout the software development process
 Verify systems function according to requirement and design specifications  Verify system
meets business and user needs

1.2 Best Practices

The following are recommended software testing best practices:
 Involve testing team early in a project to review requirements and scope
 Create test case scripts as use cases o For automated tests, record scripts as early as possible
o Don’t wait until coding is completed before starting Test Case Scripts

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1.3 Parent Process

O’RIGHT SDLC

1.4 Test Activity Procedures

Two of the most prominent methods used today in software development are Agile and Waterfall. At O’RIGHT,
there are five levels of tests using the Agile System. Customer delivery projects will be discussed in a separate
section at the end of this document.

Before testing of any kind can begin, it is necessary to explain the roles of QA.

1.4.1 QA Testing Role

 QA integrated into every team – a member of the QA team is now an active participant in sprint planning
and a sprint
 QA engineers determine how best to implement that test (manual or automated, which tools, etc.)

QA integrated into Sprint

Now that the role of QA has been defined, we’ll discuss the five test stages that are integrated into the Agile
Scrum System. These stages are: Unit, Functional, Integration, Performance (includes Stress, Volume and
Resource and System).

1.4.2 Test Stages

Agile testing is a continuous process, and has many parts. Below is a short list of reasons for these test stages.
 Test activities must be integrated in the development process. This means that testing is not a
separate phase, rather a continuous activity of an agile team.

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 All team members must be prepared to perform test activities. Although the team should contain
professional QA Engineers, this does not mean that all test activities can be carried out by QA
Engineers alone.

Stage of Test Deliverable Verified

Unit Testing Code for a unit

Functional Testing  Functionality of a component within a system
(Smoke test, White box  Usability of the software
test)  Data validation and data storage
Integration Testing  Code for related components or sub-systems
 Interactions among the components
 Conformance of interface requirements
 Security validation between the components
 Data integrity between the components
Non- Functional  Validate data rates & volume
Testing  Achieve performance that mimics realistic
(Stress, Volume, business usage, loads and timing
Performance, and  Validate stability of System under “overload”,
Resource Usage extreme and abnormal conditions
Testing) Verify resource consumption does not exceed
required level, system not particularly sensitive
to certain input values
O’RIGHT Agile SDLC
Black box testing (End  Validate system can meet acceptable service
to End) levels
 Validate end to end flow of data in software

 Completed system as defined in requirements

System Testing, and design specifications
Regression testing  Validate if all the existing functionalities are
working as expected
Customer User Acceptance Completed system as defined by business Waterfall
Testing objectives

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Another part of the QA process is to create test cases which includes test data or use cases to see how well the
software performs during each step of the process.

1.5 Test Case Designs

Test cases should be derived from the use case and feature design. If the use cases do not address tests such as
boundary, equivalence partitioning, etc., additional test cases should be created to test these conditions.

The following are Test Case Naming Conventions used at O’RIGHT:

 Test Case Parent – TC01, TC02

1.5.1 Design Procedures

All test scripts should be written as detailed as possible. The test lead should work with both the Project Manager and
Product Owner to determine the level of detail in test scripts.

1.5.2 Test Data

In order to test a software application you need to enter some data for testing most of the features. The Test Manager
or Analyst should work with the appropriate person(s) to determine the test data needs. Test data should be included
in the test cases or scripts.

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2. INPUT

2.1.1 Test Plans

A test plan is a document detailing the objectives, target market, internal beta team, and processes for a specific
beta test for a software or hardware product. The plan typically contains a detailed understanding of the eventual
workflow.

A test plan lets you specify what you want to test and how to run those tests. A test plan can be applied to a
specific iteration of your project. You can have just one default test suite for your test cases, or you can create a
test suite hierarchy.

2.1.2 Test Cases

A test case is a set of conditions under which a tester will determine whether an application, software system or
one of its features is working as it was originally established for it to do.

3. TEST PROCESS

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3.1.1 Scrum Model

The standard test operating procedures cover the following test cycles in the SDLC:
 Preparation and Sprint Planning
 Execution where Quality is built-in from the first sprint
• Unit/Functional
Testing o Integration Testing o
System Testing
 Completion (Product Release) or User Acceptance Testing

Type of Testing Who When

Unit Developer Coding

Integration Tester Sprint Build/Test

System Tester Sprint Build/Test

Acceptance Client/Users Deployment/Delivery

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3.2 Unit Testing

Unit testing focuses on early examination of software such as units of code, modules, subroutines, and
procedures. It evaluates functionality that may not be visible during integration, system, performance, and
acceptance testing. Unit testing reduces defects by evaluating a system during development rather than at its
completion. These procedures are:
 Keep unit tests small and fast. o The entire test suite should be executed before every
code check in.
 Unit tests should be cover major functionality. o The test suite is normally executed on a
regular basis.
Structural testing is conducted to verify that paths and conditions follow detailed design specifications.

3.3 Functional Testing

Functional testing is a quality assurance (QA) process and a type of black-box testing that bases its test cases on
the specifications of the software component under test. Functions are tested by feeding them input and
examining the output, and internal program structure is rarely considered (not like in white-box testing). Functional
testing usually describes what the system does. Functional testing typically involves five steps

1. Determine which functionality of the product needs to be tested. This can vary from testing main functions,
messages, error conditions and/or product usability.

2. Create input data for functionalities to be tested according to specified requirements.

3. Determine acceptable output parameters according to specified requirements.

4. Execute test cases.

5. Compare actual output from the test with the predetermined output values. This reveals if the system is
working as expected.

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3.4 Integration Testing

Continuous integration is checking in code in small increments and testing it against the large code base.
Integration testing is incremental. It begins with small groups of related units and continues until all units are
incorporated into the intended system. Integration testing verifies that all related components such as functions,
screens, or scripts interact as specified in approved requirements and design specifications. Integration testing
also verifies the interaction between components and their interfaces. Input to Execute Integration Test:
Integration Test Plan that should cover:
 The strategy to use when testing the integrated modules and how the tests will be conducted 
What will be tested e.g. software features, Sprint backlog and planning

3.5 System Testing

The purpose of System testing is to evaluate the system’s compliance with the specified requirements. It is
performed after Integration Testing but before User Acceptance testing. Its objective is to demonstrate that a
system meets its documented requirements. Below is a list of potential types of testing that may occur:

 Functional
 Performance/Load/Stress
 Usability
4. ANALYZE

4.1.1 Test Completion Criteria

Testing is considered complete when all of the following is achieved:
 Acceptance criteria has been met
 All test scripts have been successfully executed

4.1.2 Defects Classification

All issues/defects can be classified as a type of severity, whether it’s Critical, major, minor, or cosmetic. These
issues can be broken down further and are explained in Appendix

4.1.3 Testing Measurements

 Number of test cases

 Number of untested test cases

4.1.4 Defect Measurements

 Number of defects
 Number of closed defects

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5. OUTPUTS
The following is a list of different outputs expected from the different tests performed throughout the QA process.

5.1 Unit Testing

Unit testing is complete when the following criteria are met:
 Unit test is conducted and issues resolved (Development) 
Test results and deliverables are provided to the team

5.2 Functional Testing

Functional testing is complete when the following criteria are met:
 Features and capabilities work the way the Product Owner intended
 User acceptance tests validate the aggregate behaviour of many user stories  The system
meets both usability and functionality requirements

5.3 Integration Testing

Integration testing is complete when the following criteria are met:
 Outstanding defects logged in the defect tracking tool
 All integration test cases scripts have been successfully executed
 Test results and deliverables provided to the test team
5.4 System Testing
System testing is complete when the following criteria are met:
 Test cases executed for the scope as defined in the test plan
 All critical and major defects resolved or postponed to the next build

6. USER ACCEPTANCE TESTING

6.1 Criteria
Once all the criteria for testing have been met, then User Acceptance testing can begin. As with any type of testing,
User Acceptance testing has its own criteria and is complete when the following are met:
 All critical and major incidents resolved or postponed
 Test results and deliverables are provided Criteria for entering and
existing UAT are below:

Entrance Requirements

Entrance Criteria Compliant Not Compliant

UAT plan approved

All UAT team members are identified and roles defined

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Delivered target hardware/software installed and configured, including network

connectivity and all backup/restore functions

Exit Requirements
Exit Criteria Compliant Not Compliant
All UAT test cases included in the acceptance test plan have been executed
Joint evaluation of the defect issues discovered during UAT is complete
6.2 Output

The purpose of the acceptance testing is to validate that all elements of the system are:
o Fully and properly integrated
o Overall end-to-end system functionality and performance is achieved
These tests are conducted on a platform as close to the real production environment as possible.
Below is a list of various testing done during user acceptance testing:

 Data and Database Integrity Testing, including testing of converted data and all
associated ID documents and parameter files (using production values)
 Functional Testing of the delivered System software and hardware  User
Interface/Usability Testing

7. APPENDIX A: DEFECTS CLASSIFICATION

Below is a list of all issues/defects categorized in accordance to its Source definitions.

Term Description

Issue  Unrecoverable data loss

S1 Critical
Severity  Major functionality is not working
 Major functionality is not working with identified work-around
S2 Major
 Secondary functionality is not working with no work-around
 Secondary functionality is not working with identified work-around
S3 Minor
 Seldom-used functionality issues with identified work-around
 Inconveniences
S4 Cosmetic
 Minor annoyances
 Customer’s request to change an existing signed off requirement or
Change additional requirement in addition to signed off system requirements
Issue Type
Request (CR) document and functional specification
 May have a significant impact on the program scope
 Usually it institutes the improvement to existing functionality and in
most cases has a smaller scope and program’s impact that change
Enhancement request
 Enhancement may not affect the signed off requirements and specs
and is subject to be reviewed by Program multifunctional team
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 Elaboration or request for elaboration of existing requirement and/or

Clarification functionality
 May be initiated by Customer
 Any deviation from signed off requirements and/or system
Defect
malfunctioning
Action item  Defines particular, concrete action to be taken by assignee

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