GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC

MURTIZAPUR AME MICRO-PROJECT

PREPARE CHARTS DISPLAYING THE AREA OF
IRREGULAR SHAPES USING THE CONCEPT OF
INTEGRATION

GUIDED BY S.K.SHARMA

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF

.… TECHNICAL EDUCATION

CERTIFICATE
These is to certify that Mr./ Ms. Amol Gopal Mahalle

Roll No. 25 of SECOND semester diploma in

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING of institute “
Government Polytechnic Murtizapur (code 1241)” has
completed the Micro-project in AME (22210) for
academic year 2020-21 as prescribed in curriculum.

Subject Teacher : Head of Dep : Principle :

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC,
MURTIZAPUR

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

TITLE OF MICROPROJECT:
PREPARE CHARTS DISPLAYING THE AREA OF
IRREGULAR SHAPES USING THE CONCEPT OF
INTEGRATION

……….SUBMITED BY……….

SR. Students Name Roll No Enrollment

no.
1 Amol Mahalle 25 2012410025
2 Prathamesh Manekar 26 2012410026
3 Ashwin Mangle 27 2012410027
4 Ratnadeep Maske 28 2012410028
5 Abhay Morey 29 2012410029
6 Sumit Mourya 30 2012410030
 7 Kirtesh Nehete 31 2012410031
8 Abhay Padghan 32 2012410032
9 Saurabh Pahurkar 33 2012410033
10 Vaidehi Parate 34 2012410034
11 Hitesh Patil 35 2012410035
12 Jayanta Phirke 36 2012410036
Finding areas by integration
Integration can be used to calculate areas. In
simple cases, the area is given by a single definite
integral. But sometimes the integral gives a
negative answer which is minus the area, and in
more complicated cases the correct answer can be
obtained only by splitting the area into several
parts and adding or subtracting the appropriate
integrals.
In order to master the techniques explained here it
is vital that you undertake plenty of practice
exercises so that they become second nature. After
reading this text, and/or viewing the video tutorial
on this topic, you should be able to:
• find the area beween a curve, the x-axis, and
two given ordinates;
• find the area between a curve and the x-axis,
where the ordinates are given by the points
where the curve crosses the axis;
 • find the area between two curves.

Table of contents
• Introduction
• The area between a curve and the x-axis
• What is applications integration
• Examples
• Ex: How to find area of irregular shape (area
under the curve.)
• Q. Find the area bounded by the curve, x=axis
and the given lines.
• Y2=4x , x=1 ,x=4.

Introduction
Area of irregular shapes many shapes are not the
basic shapes ( rectangles, triangles, circles, etc.,)
that we have formulas for. There are many times
when you need to find area of a shape that is not a
regular shape. One method of finding the area of an
irregular shape is to divide the shape into smaller
shapes which you do have the formula for. Find the
area of all of the smaller shapes and then add your
areas together.
We can obtain the area between a curve, the x-axis,
and specific ordinates (that is, values of x), by
using integration. We know this from the units on
Integration as Summation, and on Integration as
the Reverse of Differentiation. In this unit we are
going to look at how to apply this idea in a number
of more complicated situations.
The area between a curve and the x-
axis

Let us begin by exploring the following

question: „Calculate the areas of the segments
contained between the x-axis and the curve y =
x(x − 1)(x − 2).‟ In order to answer this question,
it seems reasonable for us to draw a sketch of
the curve, as there is no mention of the
ordinates, or values, of x. To make the sketch,
we see first that the curve crosses the x-axis
 when y = 0, in other words when x = 0, x = 1,
and x = 2. Next, when x is large and positive, we
see that y is also large and positive. Finally,
when x is large and negative, we see that y is
also large and negative. So if we join up these
features that we have found on the graph, we
can see that the curve looks like this.

Now the areas required are obviously the area A

between x = 0 and x = 1, and the area B between x =
1 and x = 2. But there is a marked difference
between these two areas in terms of their position.
The area A is above the x-axis, whereas the area B
is below it. In previous units we have talked only
about calculating areas using integration when the
curve, and thus the area, is above the x-axis. Does
the position of the curve make any difference to the
area? In this example, we shall play safe and
calculate each area separately. We know that the
area A is given by the integral from x = 0 to x = 1 of
the curve y = x(x − 1)(x − 2) = x 3 − 3x 2 + 2x; thus

Area B should be given by a similar integral, except

that now the limits of integration are from x = 1 to x
= 2:
Now the two integrals have the same magnitude,
but area A is above the x-axis and area B is below
the x-axis; and, as we see, the sign of the value B is
negative. The actual value of the area is + 1/ 4 , so
why does our calculation give a negative answer?
In the unit on Integration as Summation, when we
summed the small portions of area we were
evaluating was
defined as a small positive increment in x, but y
was simply the y-value at the ordinate x. Clearly
this y-value will be negative if the curve is below
the x-axis, so in this case the quantity will be
minus the value of the area. So in our example, we
were adding up a lot of values equal to minus the
area, as the curve is wholly below the x-axis
between x = 1 and x = 2. For this reason, the
calculation gives a negative answer which is minus
the value of the area.
Now suppose for a moment that the question had
asked us instead to find the total area enclosed by
the curve and the xaxis. We know the answer to
this question. The total area is the area of A, 1/ 4 of
a unit of area, added to actual value of the area B,
which is another 1/ 4 of a unit of area. Thus the total
area enclosed by the curve and the x-axis is 1/ 2 of
a unit of area. But suppose we had decided to work
this out by finding the value of the integral between
x = 0 and x = 2, without drawing a sketch. What
answer would we get? We would find

So according to this calculation, the area enclosed

by the curve and the x-axis is zero. But we know
that this is not the case, because we have a sketch
to prove it. Clearly what has happened is that the
„signed‟ values of the two areas have been added
together in the process of integration, and they
have cancelled each other out. Thus the value of
the integral evaluated between two ordinates is not
necessarily the value of the area between the curve,
the x-axis and the two ordinates. So we must be
very careful when calculating areas to avoid this
particular trap. The best way is always to draw a
sketch of the curve over the required range of
values of x.

What is Application Integration?

Applications integration (or enterprise application
integration ) is the sharing of processes and the
data among different applications in an enterprise.
For both small and large organization alike, it has
become a mission-critical priority to connect
disparate applications and leverage application
collaboration across the enterprise in order to
improve overall business efficiency, enhance
scalability, and reduce IT costs.
Before architecting an applications integration
solution, however , it is crucial to understand the
different levels of integration and in particular, how
messages are exchanged in an applications
integration environment. This article provides an
overview of the different levels of integration – the
presentation level, the business process level, the
data level, and the communication level –and then
examines communication –level integration in
greater detail with a discussion of synchronous
and asynchronous communication.

Examples
Here some examples of application of integration:
1. Your phone is running because of some calculus
2. Your fan is running because of AC which is form
of calculus,
3. Air conditioners work on the principles which
involve calculus,
4. Your bikes engine is working on the principles of
conversion of energy from chemical to heat to
mechanical which needed a way lot more
calculus than you imagined,
5. You travel in planes which are created on the
principles of Aerodynamics whose key concept
would again be calculus,
6. Your inoning boxes, bulbs might have had some
calculus induced in them before they are in front
of you,
7. Okay, these proves it. Every machine made
thing/item required a machine. But calculus is
used to design those machines. So basically, it is
goddamn EVRYWHERE!

EX.- How to find area of irregular shape ( area

under the curve).
 GRAPH

The area “A” bounded by the curve y=f1(x), x-axis

and bounded between x=a and x=b is given by

A=area of region „PRSQ‟

Q. Find the area bounded by the curve, x=axis and
the given lines. Y2=4x ,x=1 ,x=4
Ans…
Y2 =4x

Y = 2x

Example :-
 Find the area between the curve y = x(x −
3) and the ordinates x = 0 and x = 5.
Solution :-
If we set y = 0 we see that x(x − 3) = 0, and so x
= 0 or x = 3. Thus the curve cuts the x-axis at x
= 0 and at x = 3. The x 2 term is positive, and so
we know that the curve forms a
U-shape as shown below

From the graph, we can see that we need to

calculate the area A between the curve, the
xaxis and the ordinates x = 0 and x = 3 first, and
that we should expect this integral to give a
 negative answer because the area is wholly
below the x-axis:

Next, we need to calculate the area B between the

curve, the xaxis, and the ordinates x = 3 and x = 5:
So the total actual area is 4x1/2 + 8x2/3 = 13x1x6 units of area.
Example :-

Find the area bounded by the curve y = x 2 +x+4, the x-axis

and the ordinates x = 1 and x = 3.

Solution :-

If we set y = 0 we obtain the quadratic equation x 2 + x + 4

= 0, and for this quadratic b 2 − 4ac = 1 − 16 = −15 so that
there are no real roots. This means that the curve does not
cross the x-axis. Furthermore, the coefficient of x 2 is
positive and so the curve is U-shaped. When x = 0, y = 4
and so the curve looks like this.
The required area A is entirely above the x-axis and
so we can simply evaluate the integral between the
required limits:

which equals 20x2/3 units of area.

REFERENCE :-
• We used the software.
• We used the various book.
 • We learn the book of Applied Mathematics
Engineering.
• We search on Google Websites. :-

www.brainly.in

www.mathcenter.ac.uk

www.slideshare.in

WWW.topper.in

WWW.wikipidea.org

We created the Micro Project in Microsoft Word.

REPORT
THE TITLE OF MICRO-PROJECT WAS TO PREPARE
CHARTS DISPLAYING THE AREA OF IRREDULAR
SHAPED USING THE CONCEPT OF INTEGRATION.
IN OUR GROUP THERE WAS TWELVE MEMBERS. WE HAD
DISTRIBUTE WORK TO GROUP MEMBERS.
FIRSTLY I TELL ABOUT WHO HAD FIND THE
INFORMATION. AMOL AND ASHWIN HAD SEARCH THE
INTRODUCTION OF THE MICROPROJECT. THE KIRTESH
AND ABHAY PADGHAN HAD SEARCH THE
INFORMATION ABOUT THE AREA BETWEEN A CURVE
AND THE X-AXIS. THE JAYANTA AND SUMIT HAD FIND
THE INFORMATION ABOUT WHAT IS APPLICATION
INTEGRATION. THE EXAMPLES (SEARCH) SOLVED BY
ABHAY MOREY AND RATNADEEP. THE EXAMPLES OF
AREA IRREGULAR SHAPE SOLVED BY SAURABH AND
HITESH. THE LAST REFERENCE AND REPORT IS
WRITTEN BY PRATHAMESH AND VAIDEHI. LASTLY WHOLE
PROJECT IS TYPE BY PRATHAMESH MANEKAR.
IN THIS WAY WE HAVE COMPLETED OUR APPLIED
MATHEMATICS MICRO-PROJECT.

………………THANK YOU…………………