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Department of University of
Mathematics Bahrain

Final exam
Differntial Equations
Maths 205
Second Semester 2010/2011

‫‏‬Date: 24th July 2011

Name:

ID Number : Section:

 Instructions

1. Please check that this test has 5 Questions and 9 Pages.

2. Write your name, student number, and section in the box above.
3. Show all your work clearly and neatly.

Question 1 2 3 4 5 Total
Max mark 4,4,4,4 4,4 2,3,5 2,4 10 40+10
mark

Question 1:
a) Solve the initial value problem
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dy
1 2y y(1)  1
dx
Solution: Separable

1
 dy   dx
2y 1
1
ln( 2 y  1)  x  c
2
1
ln( 2.1  1)  1  c
2
c  1
1
ln( 2 y  1)  x  1
2

b) Find the general solution of the differential equation

xy'3 y  x 3

Solution: Linear

3
y' y  x2
x
3
 dx
( x)  e x  e  3 ln x  x  3
1
y( x )    ( x )q( x )dx
( x)
 x 3  x 1dx
y( x )  x 3 (ln x  c )

c) Find the general solution of the differential equation

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2 y' '7 y'3 y  0

Solution:

2 2  7   3  0
( 2  1)(   3)  0
  1 / 2,   3
1
x
y c1e 2  c2e 3 x

d) Find the general solution of the differential equation

y ( 4)  4 y' '4 y  0

Solution:
4  42  4  0
(2  2)( 2  2)  0
   2i , 2i
y  c1 sin 2 x  c2 cos 2 x  c3 x sin 2 x  c4 x cos 2 x

Question2:

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a) Find the general solution of the differential equation

x y' ' '2 x y' ' xy' y  0
3 2

Solution:
y  x  , y'  x  1 , y' '   (  1) x   2 , y' ' '   (  1)(   2) x   3
x 3 (  1)(   2) x   3  2 x 2 (  1) x   2  x x  1  x   0
3  2    1  0
(  1)( 2  1)  0
  1, i
y  c1 x  c2 sin ln x  c3 cos ln x

b) Find the general solution of xy' '( x  1) y' y  x 2 if the homogeneous solution is given
x
by y  c1( x  1)  c2e

Solution:

y p  u1( x  1)  u2 (e x )

 ge x g( x  1) x 1 ex
u1   dx , u2   dx , w( x )  x
 xe x
w w 1 e

 xe x
u1   dx    1dx   x
x
xe

x( x  1)
u2   dx   xe  x  e  x dx   xe  x  2e  x
xe x

y p   x( x  1)  (  xe  x  2e  x )(e x )   x 2  2 x  2

y g  c1( x  1)  c2e x  x 2  2 x  2

Question 3:
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a) Find the differential equation for the solution y  e cx

Solution:
ln y  cx
ln y
c
x
y'
x  ln y
y
0
x2
y'
x  ln y  0
y
xy ' y ln y  0

b) Find the Laplace Transform of f ( t )  t 2 sin 5t

Solution:
d2
{t 2 sin 5t}  (1) 2 {sin 5t}
ds 2
d2  5 
 2 2 
ds  s  25 
d   10 s 
  
ds  ( s 2 25) 2 
30 s 2  250
 2
( s  25) 3

c) Solve the following differential equation using Laplace’s Transform

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y'' ( t )  2 y' ( t )  3 y( t )  e  t y(0)  0, y' (0)  1

Solution: { y' ' }  2 { y' }  3 {y}  {e t }

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s2 { y}  sy(0)  y' (0)  2{ s { y}  y(0)}  3 { y} 
s 1

 
{ y} s 2  2s  3  1 
1
s 1

s2
{ y} 
( s  1)(s 2  2s  3)

1  s2  1  s2 
y(t )     
 ( s  1)( s 2
 2 s  3)   ( s  1) ( s  3) 
2

1  A B C  5 1 5
y(t )       A   , B ,C
 ( s  1) ( s  1) s  3
2
16 4 16

1   5 / 16  1/ 4 5 / 16 
y(t )     
 s  1 ( s  1) 2
s  3

 5 t 1 5
y( t )  e  t e t  e 3t
16 4 16

Question 4:

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a) Find the Wronskian of the set of functions {sin x , cos x }

Solution:
sin x cos x
W [sin x , cos x ]( x ) 
cos x  sin x
  sin 2 x  cos 2 x  1

b) If the Wronskian of f and g is cosh x  sinh x , and

u  f  2g , v  f  g , find Wronskian of u and v .

f g
Solution: W [ f , g ]   fg' f ' g  cosh x  sinh x
f ' g'
u  f  2 g, v  f  g

u v f  2g f g
W [ u, v ]  
u' v' f '2 g' f ' g'
 ff ' fg'2 gf '2 gg'[ ff '2 fg' gf '2 gg' ]
 3 fg'3 gf '
 3[ fg' gf ' ]  3[cosh x  sinh x ]

Question 5: (Bonus Question)

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a) Consider the DE,

y'' a( x ) y  0 (1)

and let{ y1 , y2 } be the fundamental set.

Define Z  y1 y 2 , show that Z satisfies the third-order DE,
Z '''4a( x ) Z '2a' ( x ) Z  0 (2)
Deduce that the fundamental set for (2) is given by { y12 , y1 y 2 , y2 2 } .

b) Use part (a) only to solve the DE

Z '''8 x  2 Z '8 x 3 Z  0 ( x  0)

Solution:

Z  y1 y 2
Z '  y'1 y 2  y1 y'2
Z ''  2aZ  2 y'1 y'2
(a)
Z '''  2a' Z  2aZ '2ay1 y'2 2ay'1 y 2
 Z '''  2a' Z  2aZ '2aZ '
 Z '''2a' Z  4aZ '  0

Since Z  y1 y2
Solution , put y1  y2
 y12 , y22 also solutions
2 2
To show that y1 , y1 y2 , y2 are linearly independent
y12   y1 y 2  y 22  0
(ay1  by 2 )(cy1  dy 2 )  0
  ac ,   ad  bc ,   bd

Case 1:
ay1  by2  0
sin ce y1 & y2 are l .i  a  b  0        0

Case 2:

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cy1  dy2  0
sin ce y1 & y2 are l .i  c  d  0        0

 y12 , y1 y2, y22 are l.i

 y2
1 , y1 y2, y22  is the fundamental set
4a   8 x  2
(b) a  2 x  2
a'  4 x  3

 (1) gives y''2 x 2 y  0 which is Euler equation  y1  x 2 , y2  x 1

 
 y12  x 4 , y1 y2  x, y22  x  2 is the fundamental set for Z '''8 x 2 Z '8 x 3 Z  0 .