Institute of Industrial Electronics Engineering, PCSIR

First year Spring Semester

APPLIED PHYSICS EXPERIMENT # 02

OBJECT:
To study the characteristics of an acceptor circuit and determine unknown inductance.
APPARATUS:
Resistance, capacitors, inductor, a frequency generator/oscillator, an Oscilloscope,
connecting wires, A.C. supply etc.

THEORY: Acceptor Circuit Thus the current Io is zero, both for very low and
Consider a circuit consisting of a resistor R, an very high frequencies. For any other value of
inductor L, a capacitor all connected in series in angular frequency ω lying in the range 0 < ω < 
an A.C. circuit. Then e.m.f. applied across such a the value of the current depends on the reactance
circuit has to overcome opposition offered by all  1 
the above three circuit elements. Let I be the  L   . If the angular frequency is increased
 C 
current flowing in the circuit at any instant then:
then the inductive reactance increases till the
angular frequency has such a value that the
-------- (1) inductive reactance is equal to capacitive
Where E is the applied voltage and is given by
 1 
E = Eo sinωt, ω is angular frequency = 2πf , and f reactance i.e.  L   at this stage the current
is linear frequency of the applied voltage  C 
has max. value.
If Io be the max. current that flows through the Hence the condition for maximum current to flow
circuit then solving equation (1) we will get: in the circuit is
1 1
ωL = or ω2 =
C LC
1
ω= but ω = 2πf
LC
=
1
1 f= --------- (3)
Where X =  L  is the total reactance, 2 LC
C
This frequency is called the resonant frequency.
Z= is the total impedance to the flow We see that at resonate frequency inductive
of A.C. reactance cancels the capacitive reactance and the
Eo current are then entirely determined by the
Hence Io  ---------- (2)
Z resistive element R of the circuit.
Hence at resonance the maximum current is given
From eq.(2) we see that the amplitude of the by: Io=Eo /R
current can assume maximum value if the At this frequency the impedance is minimum and
impedance becomes minimum and this becomes it is equal to R and the current is in phase with the
feasible. applied voltage.
 1  If the frequency of the applied voltage is further
Where the term  L   becomes zero for a increased beyond the resonant frequency, than the
 C 
inductive reactance will increase and so the
certain value of angular frequency ω. Consider
current will go on decreasing.
the following two extreme cases:
Such a circuit is called a series resonant or most
 1 
(i). For ω = 0  L   =  therefore Io= 0 commonly an acceptor circuit.
 C 
 1  WORKING FORMULA:
(ii). For ω =   L   = + therefore Io= 0 1
This study source was downloaded C 
 by 100000788901747 from CourseHero.com on 08-15-2022 08:02:40 GMT -05:00
Inductance is given as L
4 f 2 c
2

https://www.coursehero.com/file/55465264/EXPERIMENT02-ACCEPTOR-CIRCUITpdf/
 PROCEDURE:
1. Make the circuit connections as shown in circuit diagram i.e. take a resistor, an inductor and
a capacitor of suitable values connect them with each other in series and connect them
across a frequency generator and cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO).
2. Apply a signal of certain voltage by the oscillator at a certain frequency say 100 kHz and
note down the amplitude of output signal from CRO.
3. Now start increasing frequency of input signal (keeping the voltage constant), step by step,
each time note down the amplitude of the output signal, we will see that amplitude of the
output signal will first increase steadily reaches a maximum value and then start decreasing.
4. Plot a graph b/w frequency (f) on x-axis and the corresponding amplitude of the signal on
y-axis for each set of observation on one graph paper.
5. From graph calculate resonant frequencies for capacitor at which amplitude of signal is
maximum.
6. Calculate the inductance with the help of resonant frequencies obtained through graph.

OBSERVATIONS: CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Capacitance of capacitor C =------------µF

S. Frequency Amplitude S. Frequency Amplitude

No. (f)Hz of Signal No. (f)Hz of Signal
division division
1 11
2 12
3 13
4 14
5 15
6 16
7 17
8 18
9 19
10 20

CALCULATIONS:
From Graph:
Value of resonant frequency f = --------Hz;
1
L
4 f c
2 2

RESULT:
1. Characteristics of an acceptor circuit studied. it is seen that at resonant
frequency the output signal is maximum/minimum.
2. The value of inductance is found L = ----------- Henry.

PRECAUTIONS AND SOURCES OF ERROR:

1. Before switching on, get connections checked by teacher
2. The amplitude of the signal at resonant frequency may not be
This study source was downloaded by 100000788901747 from CourseHero.com on 08-15-2022 08:02:40 GMT -05:00
exactly zero, which is due to presence of resistance.
3. Choose proper combinations of L, R & C.
https://www.coursehero.com/file/55465264/EXPERIMENT02-ACCEPTOR-CIRCUITpdf/
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