CHAPTER 1

The Effects of Drinking Alcohol on Senior High School Students towards engaging their
Social Environment

Background of the Study

This chapter presents the introduction of the research, statement of the problem, objectives of the
study, scope and delimitation, and definition of terms.

Introduction

During adolescence, many people try to experiment with alcohol, yet they even don't know what
is alcohol effects on their most critical stage of development (Spear,2013). This paper will talk
about how alcoholic drinks affect their social environment.

Data from the WHO (WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION) indicates that almost 90% of the
Philippines population who are 15 years of age and older (estimated at 86 million) have an
alcohol use disorder. In addition, 25% of males and 6.3% of females (15-18 years) are heavy
episodic drinkers. This number is quite bigger. In the stage of adolescence, it shouldn't have this
kind of a big number of users.

On the other hand, it is said that early initiation of alcohol use remains one of the most powerful
predictors of later alcohol abuse (Grant, 1998). And it's quite alarming for it means that the
earlier your intake the earlier you'll abuse the alcohol drinks. And being an alcoholic addict is
not good for the health, especially for the health of a developing adolescent. Because it is one of
the critical stages of our development, and this early alcohol use may have potentially long-
lasting consequences.

A recent paper from SCS (SOCIAL CONDUCT STUDY) series reported that alcohol use in
adolescence, particularly 'risky ' use, was associated with an increased risk of obtaining a future
disability person (Sidorchuk, et.al.,2012). The association was stronger for early disability
indicating that risky adolescent alcohol use is a risk factor for dominated capacity, it may lead to
shaping the adolescents' future into a destroyed life.

With this in mind, the researchers come up with the idea to study The Effects of Drinking
Alcohol on Senior High School Students towards engaging their Social Environment. This will
help to spread awareness of the effects of drinking alcohol to teenagers today.
Statement of the Problem

The researchers of this work-study formulated some of the following problems that will be
investigated to know the effect of drinking alcohol on Senior High School Students.

The problems were the following:

1. What are the reasons for Senior High School students engaging with alcoholic drinks?

2. What are the effects in their social environment that indulges with alcohol drinks.

3. What are the ways and strategies to lessen or prevent alcohol drinks among Senior High
schools?

Objectives of the Study

This review is centered around the Senior Secondary School Understudies who are drinking
alcohol towards connecting with their social climate. What will happen to these understudies
despite the way that they drink liquor, will it present to them any great or will it bring them
mischief to their learning, wellbeing, thinking, etc.

Significance of the Study

This study aimed to help the students to lessen their alcohol intake to not succumb to different
social problems. It might aim to give significance to the following.

EDUCATOR. Through this study, the educators will be guided in what they might contribute if
they encounter students who engage themselves in drinking alcohol.

PARENTS. Through this study, the parents will be warned and learn what they are going to do
if in case they encounter this type of child.

STUDENTS. Through this study, the students will be warned on the effects of drinking liquor
and to know the possible ways to avoid or lessen its effects and ultimately ending the desire to
drink liquor.
FUTURE RESEARCHERS. Through this study, the results will provide more information to
future researchers' study purposes.

Scope and Delimitation

The study focused on the effects of drinking alcohol on senior high school towards engaging
their social environment. The data was taken from senior high school students who have
experiences in drinking alcohol. The respondents will be senior high school through their
personal experiences and voluntary content.

Definition of Terms

For clarification, the important terms used in this study have been defined.

World Health Organization. It is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for
international public health.

Initiation. The act of starting something or the beginning of something.

Affects. To produce an effect upon something or someone.

Parents. Refers to the mother and father or guardian of the student of Senior Highschool student.
Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature and Studies

In 2011, the World Health Organization reported that nine percent of annual deaths of youth
between the ages of 15 to 25 years were attributed to alcohol related causes (WHO Global Status
Reports on Alcohol and Health, 2009). Adolescent alcohol use is a considerable health problem
because it contributes to the leading causes of adolescent morbidity and mortality (Chun &
Linakis, 2012). The negative consequences of adolescent alcohol use are well documented, and
include decreased academic achievement, depression, other substance use, unintentional injuries
and serious road traffic accidents. Although the minimal drink age is 21 years in Ghana, some
begin at childhood. This may continue to rocket into late adolescents (Oppong Asante, Meyer-
Weitz, & Petersen, 2014). Contrary to this, fewer adolescents truly admitted to the use of the
alcohol as a result of problematic situation. Approximately one-fourth of adolescents who have
ever taken alcohol revealed that they got involved because alcohol helps them escape from their
problems (O‟Malley, Johnston, & Bachman, 1998).

Factors such as lifestyle, access to alcohol advertising, high level of stressful situations coupled
with anxiety, low self-esteem of an individual, symptoms such as depressive, peer pressure
susceptibility, and other problems related with their education were considered as facilitators of
alcohol consumption among adolescents (Díaz-Anzaldúa & Díaz-Martínez, 2011). Other factors
include, genetic predisposition, parental or familial influence. Even a small amount of alcohol
use produces consequences which may lead to risky behaviors including sex, high suicidal rate
due to violence, Juvenal crime and struggles with friends. Illicit drug uses a increases the public
health problem (Doku, Koivusilta, & Rimpelä, 2012). Perceived behavioral control signifies an
individual's vision about the performance of the behavior (Ajzen, 1991). It is mostly guided by
self-confidence and esteem.

To conclude, the simple assumption of the model is that, the more positive the attitude,
supportive subjective norm, and higher the perceived behavioral control, the more likely it is that
a person will perform that behavior. Behavioral research has found that educational performance
is highly correlated with substance abuse (e.g., Bukstein, Cornelius, Trunzo, Kelly, & Wood,
2005; Hawkins, Catalano, & Miller, 1992). Economic studies that look at the link between
alcohol use and educational outcomes have customarily focused on measures of educational
attainment such as graduation (from high school or college), college matriculation, and years of
school completed (e.g., Bray, Zarkin, Ringwalt, & Qi, 2000; Chatterji, 2006; Cook & Moore,
1993; Dee & Evans 2003; Koch & Ribar, 2001; Mullahy & Sindelar, 1994; Renna, 2008;
Yamada et al., 1996).

Consistent with the behavioral research, early economic studies found that drinking reduced
educational attainment. But the most rigorous behavioral studies and the early economic studies
of attainment both faced the same limitation: they were cross-sectional and subject to potential
omitted variables bias. Some of these cross-sectional economic studies attempted to improve
estimation by using instrumental variables (IV). Cook and Moore (1993) and Yamada et al.
(1996) found that heavy or frequent drinking in high school adversely affects high school and
college completion. Nevertheless, the validity and reliability of the instruments in these studies
are open to debate (Chatterji, 2006; Dee & Evans, 2003; French & Popovici, 2009)

By contrast, more recent economic studies that arguably use better estimation methods have
found that drinking has modest or negligible effects on educational attainment. Dee and Evans
(2003) studied the effects of teen drinking on high school completion, college entrance, and
college persistence. Employing changes in the legal drinking age across states over time as an
instrument, they found no significant effect of teen drinking on educational attainment. Koch and
Ribar (2001) reached a similar conclusion applying family fixed effects and instrumental
variables to NLSY data. Though they found that drinking had a significant negative effect on the
amount of schooling completed among men, the effect was small.

Finally, Chatterji (2006) used a bivariate probit model of alcohol use and educational attainment
to gauge the sensitivity of the estimates to various assumptions about the correlation of
unobservable determinants of these variables. She concluded that there is no evidence of a causal
relationship between alcohol use

and educational attainment when the correlation coefficient is fixed at plausible levels. Alcohol
use could conceivably affect a student’s quality of learning and academic performance regardless
of its impact on school completion. This possibility is suggested by Renna (2008), who uses a
research design similar to that used by Dee and Evans (2003) and finds that although binge
drinking does not affect high school completion rates, it does significantly increase the
probability that a student graduates with a GED rather than a high school diploma.

Drinking could affect learning through a variety of mechanisms. Recent neurological research
suggests that underage drinking can impair learning directly by causing alterations in the
structure and function of the developing brain with consequences reaching far beyond
adolescence (Brown et al., 2000; White & Swartzwelder, 2004). Negative effects of alcohol use
can emerge in areas such as planning and executive functioning, memory, spatial operations, and
attention (Brown et al., 2000; Giancola & Mezzich, 2000; Tapert & Brown, 1999).

Alcohol use could also affect performance by reducing the number of hours committed to
studying, completing homework assignments, and attending school. We are aware of five
economic studies that have examined whether drinking affects learning per se. Bray (2005)
analyzed this issue indirectly by studying the effect of high school students’ drinking on
subsequent wages, as mediated through human capital accumulation. He found that moderate
high school drinking had a positive effect on returns to education and therefore on human capital
accumulation. Heavier drinking reduced this gain slightly, but net effects were still positive.

Theoretical Framework

In this chapter, the conceptual framework that will be a guide in this research.

The visual model shown below shows how the usage of drinking alcohol on senior high school
students towards engaging their social environment in Cronasia Foundation College
Incorporation. And how affects the environment and the community. It shows the responsibilities
of the Alcoholic drinkers and the implementers of it.

ALCOHOLIC DRINK

Objectives, Policies and Standards

Key Implementors

Role and Responsibilities

Enforcement Activities and

Penalties Sanctions

Effectiveness of the
 Assessment

Reinforcing Researcher
Figure 1: Visual Mode of Conceptual Framework

In this research, the Psychosocial Theories of Alcohol Abuse by Prem Prakash, Pradeep Kumar
& Amool Ranjan Singh are used to explain how the usage of Alcohol affects the human health of
the student of Cronasia Foundation College Inc.

Alcohol Abuse Psychosocial Theories

In this chapter, The Psychosocial Theories of Alcohol Abuse by Prem Prakash, Pradeep Kumar
& Amool Ranjan Singh is reflected as a major public health concern in worldwide. It has
affected many areas of life, including the family, professional, psychological, legal, social or
physical aspects of life. These people are widely considered to be a vulnerable population. The
purpose of this study is to explore the psychosocial theory related to alcohol abuse. Psychosocial
theories of alcohol abuse can be utilized to identify and contextualize trends in major treatment
approaches for the people of alcohol abuse and also provide possible future directions for
research in that specific area.

Their theory states that approximately 2 billion persons worldwide consume alcohol and one-
third (nearly 76.3 million) is likely to have one or more alcohol related disorders (WHO, 2002).
Research suggests that drinking alcohol is associated with nearly 1 out of 10 deaths in the ages15
to 49 years (Stockwell et al, 2016).

The theory explains that alcohol abuse leads to many social and personal problems such as;
health problems, disturbances in work life, poor family and social relationships, separation and
divorce and emotional problems in the family.
CHAPTER 3

Methodology

In this chapter, research design, area of study, population, sampling of the study, data collection
method, and subject matter will be discussed.

Research design

The researcher chose a survey research design, it served to answer the questions and the purpose
of the study.

The survey research is conducted in which the group of people and their insights are studied. In
the student institution of Cronasia Foundation College Inc., there are 7 sections at every level
where the survey will be performed. Only a part of the population in the community will be
studied, and the findings from this are expected to be generalized to the entire population.
Accessing the survey to the public opinion or individual opinion by the use of questionnaires.

Locale of the Study

Cronasia Foundation College Inc. is an unpopulated institution, there are 4 strands and 2
sections, the researchers are planning to conduct the research in the school that includes the
students who are studying in the institution of Cronasia Foundation College. For some studies,
the population may be small enough for study to have included for all of the studies.
Respondents of the Study

The target population for this research is 20 and more individuals, thus includes the local
school officials, institution teachers, and the local students of the institution who used to study
and work in Cronasia Foundation College Incorporation. But if a study will cover a large
population that could possibly cannot all be studied. That portion of the population that is studied
is called a sample of the population. The sample of the population of this study expects to stand
at 5 Cronasia Foundation College Incorporation Officials, 7 teachers, and 13 students of
Cronasia Foundation College Incorporation which gave a total of 25 respondents.

Research Instrument

To get the data needed, the researcher will have a questionnaire. The research instrument consists
of answer sheets that have numbers 1 to 7 with their corresponding boxes where the answer is
answerable by agreeing or disagree and inserted an answer with a brief explanation.

After the validation of questionnaires, the questionnaires will be distributed directly to the
chosen sample of the study through an online process.
CHAPTER 4

Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

In this chapter, the data presentation, analysis and data interpretation. In presenting the data, the
researchers will present the data in tabular form, then the researchers will analyze the gathered
data in words and will interpret the data that we gathered from our conducted survey.

Data Presentation

AGREE DISAGREE

• High school students may

drink due to family and
school problems.

• Alcohol use is a risk factor

for morbidity, mortality,
and social harm among senior
high school students.

• Drinking can affect the

biological development
of students, as well as their
behavior and
academic performance.
 • Students drink alcohol
because they want to relax
with their friends.

• Alcohol use by senior high

school
students is a normal part of
growing up.

• Excessive alcohol abuse can

lead
to addiction and a host of
additional emotional,
physical, social, and
behavioral problems.

• Drinking alcohol will make

you feel better.

• Alcoholic beverages affect

your lifestyle.

• High school students cannot

think
clearly when they drink
alcohol.

Data Analysis

The Researchers conducted an online survey of Senior High School Students in Cronasia
Foundation College Inc., the number of the respondents is 20. So the result of the study is 8 out
of 20 of senior high school students agree that high school students may drink due to family and
school problems, 17 out of 20 respondents agree that alcohol use is a risk factor for morbidity,
mortality and social harm among senior high school students, 18 out of 20 of senior high school
students agree on drinking can affect the biological development of students, as well as their
behavior and academic performance, 15 out of 20 respondents of senior high school student are
disagree of the statement that students deink alcohol because they want to relax with their
friends, 12 out of 20 students disagree that alcohol use by senior high students is a normal part of
growing up, 18 out of 20 senior high school respondents agree that excessive alcohol abuse can
lead to addiction and a boost of additional emotional, physical, social and behavioral problems,
out of 20 respondents of senior high school students are both agree and disagree that drinking
alcohol make you feel better, 18 out of 20 students agree that alcoholic beverages affect your
lifestyle and lastly 14 out of 20 senior high school students in cronasia foundation college Inc.
agree that high school student cannot think clearly when they drink alcohol.

Data Interpretation

As the Researchers observed the answers of Senior High school students in Cronasia
Foundation College, Inc. Both reactions and opinions are almost the same yet most of them
agreed that drinking alcohol can affect the biological development of students as well as their
behavior and academic performance. The result of the study revealed that alcohol interferes with
the brain's communication pathways and can affect the way the brain looks and works. These
disruptions can change mood and behavior and make it harder to think clearly and move with
coordination. It highly explains that drinking may even become a priority over attending classes,
completing homework and studying for exams. They have also believe that drinking is just a part
of growing up. However, for many young people, they are disagreed that using alcohol is not
part of growing up for they strongly believe that alcohol is harmful in our health. Alcohol
drinking may really positively associated with many diseases and conditions. Results are yet
indicated that senior high school students drinking does indeed involve many negative
consequences. But logically, students are the one who are responsible to this action, students are
the one who control things in every decisions they make when it comes to this serious type of
doings focusing " Alcohol drinking. "

CHAPTER V

Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations

 In this chapter, the researchers will summarize the total gathered information as a finding
of this research. With all of the analyzed information, the researchers will have a final conclusion
of all the gathered information of this survey. The researchers will give some recommendations
regarding of the topic.

Summary of Findings
This study focuses on the effects of drinking alcohol on senior high school students
towards engaging their social environment, which is to significant the results.
The background study of this research come up to study the effects of drinking alcohol on
senior high school students towards engaging their social environment. This will help us to
spread awareness of the effects of drinking alcohol to the teenagers today.
The objective of this research is to assess, evaluate and investigate who are drinking
alcohol towards connecting with the social climate.
The study limits in the effects of drinking alcohol that will be conducted in the Cronasia
Foundation College, Inc.
The significance of this research is to help the students to lessen their alcohol intake to
not succumb to different social problems. The future researchers may use this research through
this study, and the results will provide more information.
The theoretical is about the affects of environment and community. It shows the
responsibilities of the alcoholic drinkers and the implementers of it.
Therefore, students should be aware on what the effects of drinking alcohol can do in our
social environment.

Conclusions

The result of the study that the researchers conducted, senior high school students of
Cronasia Foundation College Inc., that numerous youngsters or senior high students that the
effects of drinking alcohol on senior high school students towards engaging their social
environment are almost agree in engaging with hard drinking some of them are doing it as a way
of getting away from the issues or trouble they feel, others are additionally impacted by different
companions, understudies have an alternate condition of life, some others are in a decent
circumstance, others are not in a decent state so liquor is the competition to fail to remember
what is happening however a suggestion to senior secondary school understudies particularly
youngsters that Liquor keeps understudies from getting great rest. It dries out their body and can
rest related problems more regrettable, including rest apnea and a sleeping disorder. At the point
when understudies are not all around rested, they frequently sleep in and miss significant classes.
On the off chance that they do go to the class, they think that it is hard to amass and take part in
learning. it will affect your future. It is not bad to have fun sometimes but it is only limited so
keep in mind your health and future.

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