1- Purpose and Scope

The purpose of this calculation is to determine the size of exhaust Fan of the battery room In Cont
The calculations are done manually in compliance with referenced standards.

2- Design Inputs
Inputs Value
2.1 Batteries maximum operating temperature -
2.2 Batteries minimum operating temperature -
2.3 Battery Room Dimension (length x Width x Height) 7.250x4.670x4.85 m
2.4 220-volt Battery Manufacturer/ Model EGYTRAFO/ KPM 400p
2.5 Total Floating Voltage ( KPM 500p) 257.6
2.6 Total Charging Voltage ( KPM 500p) 276
2.7 Cell Rated Capacity ( KPM 500p) 500 Ah
2.8 No. of cells /Battery ( KPM 500p ) 184 cell
2.9 No. of batteries ( KPM 500p) 2
2.10 Cell Dimensions ( KPM 500p ) 154x197x365 mm
2.11 48-volt Battery Manufacturer / Model EGYTRAFO/ KPM 500p
2.12 Total Floating Voltage ( KPM 400p) 56
2.13 Total Charging Voltage (KPM 400p) 60
2.14 Cell Rated Capacity (KPM 400p) 400 Ah
2.15 No. of cells /Battery (KPM 400p) 40 cell
2.16 No. of Batteries (KPM 400p) 1
2.17 Cell Dimensions (KPM 400p) 190x197x365 mm
2.18 Air Density at atmospheric pressure @ Room Temperature 1.2045 Kg/m3
2.19 Air Specific Heat at constant pressure @ Room Temperature 1.009 KJ/Kg.k

3- Assumptions
UV = Unverified , V= Verified , EJ= Engineering Judgement

Assumption

Temperature of air Entering the Battery Room from adjacent Conditioned Spaces , and unconditioned Corridor

3- Design Criteria
The Battery Room shall be serviced by 2x100% (interlocked duty/stand-by) configuration exhaust fans with explosion proof dr
The fan is sized to the largest required ventilation rate of the following criteria:
a-
The required flow to meet the required room temperature range (25:40 ◦c ) Although floating
conditions are the long term heat gain , the heat gain is calculated as per supplier recommendations
for charging and discharging conditions; the higher value shall be taken into consideration, the
ventialtion rate is then conservatively sized for the short-term peaks.Calculation methodology From
Battery Technical Manual.
 The required flow to meet the required room temperature range (25:40 ◦c ) Although floating
conditions are the long term heat gain , the heat gain is calculated as per supplier recommendations
for charging and discharging conditions; the higher value shall be taken into consideration, the
ventialtion rate is then conservatively sized for the short-term peaks.Calculation methodology From
Battery Technical Manual.

b- The ventilation is to maintain the hydrogen concentration below LEL (4% by Volume ) with a safety fact

c- Not less than 1 CFM/ft2 of the room area , as per the recommendations of :
ICC International Mechanical Code - Section 502.4
ICC International Fire Code - Section 608.6
NFPA 1- section 52.3.6

d- Not less than 5 AC/h as per ASHRAE 2011 Applications Handbook, Chapter 27
ttery room In Control Building .

-
-
70x4.85 m
O/ KPM 400p
7.6
76
0 Ah
cell
2
x365 mm
O/ KPM 500p
56
60
0 Ah
cell
1
x365 mm

Value Category Reference

30 ◦c EJ -

with explosion proof drive motor.

hough floating
ier recommendations
nsideration, the
n methodology From
 hough floating
ier recommendations
nsideration, the
n methodology From

ume ) with a safety factor of 5 , as per BS 50272-2, Article 7.2

 Calculations according to criteria (b)

EN 50272-2 Ventilation requirement for vented Ni-Cd batteries

At the end of charge and during overcharge, hydrogen is produced at the negative plate and oxygen
at the positive plate. Each Ah overcharge results in 0,42 liter hydrogen and 0,24 liter oxygen max. per cell.
The purpose of ventilating a battery location or enclosure is to maintain the hydrogen concentration
below the 4% hydrogen threshold. Battery accommodation rooms are to be considered as safe
from explosions, when by the natural or artificial ventilation the concentration of hydrogen is kept below this safety limit.
Note: Check local regulations regarding battery installation and ventilation

Calculation method:
0.42 liters of hydrogen per Ah and per cell are max. produced during overcharge assuming no gas recombination
24 Dilution factor to avoid a 4% hydrogen concentration in the air. ((100%-4%)/4%)
5 General safety factor.

resulting in a required ventilation of:

50 liter air ventilated for each cell Ah.

or 0.05 m3/Ah/cell
Current( Igas) during overcharge:
When charged with constant voltage, the current during overcharge can be assumed as:
5 mA/Ah during floating at 1,40 V to 1,43 V at 20 oC
50 mA/Ah during boost at 1,50 V to 1,55 V at 20 oC
A current safety factor 5 is included in above mentioned Igas :
for deviations, like: L,M or H type, some faulty cells and
temperatures up to 40°C
Current during commissioning:
200 mA/Ah during commissioning with 0,2C5Amp constant current

Note:
A: Ventilation air flow Q calculation: The charger must be protected
Q = 0,05 x n x Igas x Crt x 10 -3 (m3/h) against malfunction. If not, the
ventilation should be calculated
n: 184 40 number of cells to suit the greatest current
Crt: 500 400 rated capacity (C5Ah) available from the charger.

At float At boost Commissioning

Airflow Q (m3/h) 27.00 270.00 1080

B: Calculation number of air changes per hour

 No of racks Length Width Height
(m) (m) (m)
Volume battery accommodation: 7.25 4.67 4.85

Occupied volume 2 6.4 1.25 0.955

1 2.4 0.8 0.955

Volume free air

At float At boost
Nbr air changes per hour: 0.18 1.84

C: Natural ventilation
The amount of ventilation air flow shall preferably be ensured by natural ventilation, otherwise by forced
or artificial ventilation.
For natural ventilation, battery rooms or enclosures require an air inlet and an air outlet with a free area of opening
calculated by the formula A > 28 * Q (cm2): The air velocity is assumed to be 0,1 m/sec.

At float At boost
Free area of openings - inlet & outlet (cm2): 756.00 7560
 Values for current I when charging with IU or U charger
Lead-acid Lead-acid
vented cells VRLA cells
fg 1 0.2
fs 5 5
Ufloat V/cell 2.23 2.27
pt below this safety limit. Ifloat mA/Ah 1 1
Igas mA/Ah 5 1
Uboost V/cell 2.40 2.40
Iboost mA/Ah 4 8
Igas mA/Ah 20 8
** During commissionning or charge voltage > 1.45 V p/c use 0.1I

The charger must be protected

against malfunction. If not, the
ventilation should be calculated
to suit the greatest current
available from the charger.

Commissioning
 Volume
(m3)
164.21

17.11

147.10

Commissioning
7.34

Commissioning
30240
 EN 50272-2

harging with IU or U charger

NiCd Ultima UPTIMAX
vented cells Vantage VANTEX
1 0.2 0.2
5 5 5
1.4 1.42 1.43
1 2 3
5 2 3
1.55 1.45 1.45
10 5 6
50 5** 6**
e voltage > 1.45 V p/c use 0.1It
 Calculations according to criteria (a)

Heat Gain calculations for vented Ni-Cd batteries

When charging and discharging a battery, a certain quantity of heat is generated .In general;
this is relatively small and does not cause a significant increase in the battery temperature.
However, in some cases there may be a significant short-term increase.
Calculation method:
1- Heat Generation
a- Discharge
The Instantenous heat produced in the cell during the discharge is related to the voltage difference
(discharge voltage and thermodynamic voltage) and to the discharge current
PW = IAMP x (1.44-UV)
Where; PW : is the power heat generated in W
IAMP : is the average discharge current in A
UV : is the average discharge Voltage

b- Charge
When a battery is charged, the energy produced by the charger is stored in the battery . During the
first part of the charge, up to the gassing step , there is virtually no heat generation because during
this phase the electrochemical charging process is endothermic .Therefore , all small heating effects
due to resistance are masked by the cooling effect of the reaction.The Voltage at which the charge
converts from an endothermic to an exothermic reactions is 1.44 V . Thus , the power heat generated
in watts per cell is :
PW = IAMP x (UV - 1.44)
Where; PW : is the power heat generated in W
IAMP : is the average discharge current in A

2- Air Flow
The required air flow is calculated from the following equation :
Q = q / (ρ x Cp x ∆T)
Where; Q: is the required air flow in (m3/s)
q : is the total heat generation in (W)
ρ : is the ambient air density (kg/m3)
Cp : is the specific heat of air (J/kg.K)
∆T : is the temperature difference between room design temperature and entering air temperature ( ͦC)

Calculations :
A: Inputs
Battery Data n: 184 40 number of cells/Rack
Crt: 500 400 rated capacity (C5Ah)
2 1 No. of Racks

Air Data ρ = 1.2 kg/m3 Air Density

 Cp = 1009 J/kg.K Air Specific heat

Room Data TRoom = 40 C Room Design Temperature

Tair = 30 C Entering Air Temperature

No of racks length width

(m) (m)
Room Dimensions 7.25 4.67

2 6.4 1.25
Occupied volume
1 2.4 0.8

Volume of free air

B: IAMP 220 Volts = 100 A

IAMP 48 Volts = 80 A
Assuming 5 h contious constant discharging

UV 220 Volts (charging) = 1.5 V

UV 48 Volts (charging) = 1.5 V

UV 220 Volts (charging) = 1.22 V

UV 48 Volts (charging) = 1.22 V

C: Results
Discharging
Pw = 22 Watt/Cell
Pw = 17.6 Watt/Cell

q= 8800 Watt

Q= 0.726792 m3/s
2616.452 m3/h

Charging
Pw = 6 Watt/Cell
Pw = 4.8 Watt/Cell

q= 2400 Watt

Q= 0.198216 m3/s
713.5778 m3/h
Nbr air changes per hour:

At discharging 17.79
At boost charging 4.85
vented Ni-Cd batteries

uantity of heat is generated .In general;

t increase in the battery temperature.
ort-term increase.

e discharge is related to the voltage difference

to the discharge current

he charger is stored in the battery . During the

is virtually no heat generation because during
dothermic .Therefore , all small heating effects
the reaction.The Voltage at which the charge
tions is 1.44 V . Thus , the power heat generated

e and entering air temperature ( ͦC)

number of cells/Rack
rated capacity (C5Ah)
No. of Racks

Air Density
 Air Specific heat

Room Design Temperature

Entering Air Temperature

height Volume
(m) (m3)
4.85 164.208875

0.955
17.1136
0.955

147.095275

Average charge/Discharge Current

t discharging

Average Charge Voltage at Boost

Average Discharge Voltage

220 Volts batteries

48 Volts batteries

Heat Gain at discharge

Air flow at Discharge

220 Volts batteries

48 Volts batteries

Heat Gain at Boost

Air flow at boost

AC/h
AC/h
 Calculations according to criteria (a)

Calculation sheet for rate of Heat Gain

Results:
17.79 AC/h at discharging over 5 hour period
4.85 AC/h at boost charging

Calculations according to criteria (c)

The minimum allowed air flow for this criterion is CFM/ft 2

∴ Minimum Allowed air flow = 1 ( CFM/ft 2 )x Room Area in square feet

= 619.1814 m3/hr
which is equivalent to (Ac/h) 4.20939

Conclusion

The ruling criteria shall be Criteria (a), with 17.79 AC/h, Required only at commissioning
The Exhaust fan shall be sized to achieve 20 AC/h

Flow Rate = 20 AC/h x Battery room free volume (m3)

2941.906 m /h
3
Flow Rate
Flow Rate 1730.533 CFM

The actual fan flow shall be selected to the next larger available size.
 Calculations according to criteria (b)

Calculation sheet for hydrogen generation rate

Results:
0.18 AC/h at floating
1.84 AC/h at boost charging
7.34 AC/h at commissioning

Calculations according to criteria (d)

The minimum allowed air change rate 5 AC/h, which is equivalent to 735.5 m 3/h air flow through the room

Flow Rate = 5 AC/h x Battery Room Free volume (m 3)

Flow Rate 735.4764 m3/h
432.6332 CFM