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Chapter Wise Summary

The document outlines the key steps and considerations for conducting research. It discusses 8 phases of research: 1) deciding what to research by formulating a problem, 2) planning by designing the study, developing instruments, selecting samples, and writing proposals, 3) conducting research by collecting and processing data, and 4) writing a report. It also covers formulating research problems, identifying variables, research design, selecting study designs and data collection methods, and sampling. The chapters provide guidance on both quantitative and qualitative aspects of the research process.

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Noor Alam
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62 views2 pages

Chapter Wise Summary

The document outlines the key steps and considerations for conducting research. It discusses 8 phases of research: 1) deciding what to research by formulating a problem, 2) planning by designing the study, developing instruments, selecting samples, and writing proposals, 3) conducting research by collecting and processing data, and 4) writing a report. It also covers formulating research problems, identifying variables, research design, selecting study designs and data collection methods, and sampling. The chapters provide guidance on both quantitative and qualitative aspects of the research process.

Uploaded by

Noor Alam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER – 2 (The Research Process):

The eight-step model for carrying out research:


PHASE A DECIDING WHAT TO RESEARCH
Step I Formulating a research problem
PHASE B PLANNING A RESEARCH STUDY
Step II Conceptualising a research design
Step III Constructing an instrument for data collection
Step IV Selecting a sample
Step V Writing a research proposal
PHASE C CONDUCTING A RESEARCH STUDY
Step VI Collecting data
Step VII Processing and displaying data
Step VIII Writing a research report

The research process

Differences between qualitative and quantitative research:

CHAPTER – 4 (Formulating a Research Problem):


1. The importance of formulating a research problem
2. Sources of research problems
3. Considerations in selecting a research problem
4. Specific issues to consider when formulating a research problem in qualitative research
5. Steps in formulating a research problem
6. How to formulate research objectives?
7. The importance of establishing operational definitions

CHAPTER – 5 (Identifying Variables):


 What variables and concepts are and how they are different?
 How to turn concepts into operational variables?
 Types of variables from the viewpoint of:
o Causation
o The study design
o The unit of measurement
 Types of measurement scales:
o The nominal or classificatory scale
o The ordinal or ranking scale
o The interval scale
o The ratio scale

CHAPTER – 7 (The Research Design):


 What research design means
 The important functions of research design
 Issues to consider when designing your own research
 The theory of causality and the research design

CHAPTER – 8 (Selecting a Study Design):


 The differences between quantitative and qualitative study designs
 Common study designs in quantitative research and when to use them
 Common study design in qualitative research and when to use them
 The strengths and weaknesses of different study designs

CHAPTER – 9 (Selecting a Method of Data Collection):


 Differences in methods of data collection in quantitative and qualitative research
 Major approaches to information gathering
 Collecting data using primary sources
o Observation
o The interview
o The questionnaire
 Methods of data collection in qualitative research
 Collecting data using secondary sources

CHAPTER – 12 (Selecting a Sample):


 The differences between sampling in qualitative and quantitative research
 Definitions of sampling terminology
 The theoretical basis for sampling
 Factors affecting the inferences drawn from a sample
 Different types of sampling including:
o Random/probability sampling designs
o Non-random/non-probability sampling designs
o The ‘mixed’ sampling design
 The calculation of sample size
 The concept of saturation point

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