JACK & JILL SCHOOL

Homesite, Bacolod City

Educational Learning Packet
Grade School Department
FIRST QUARTER

COMPUTER 4- Q1W4

Topic: Computer Hardware

Reference/s & Page/s: MELCs

Materials/Resources/Links: (see endnotes below)
Objectives:
 Identify the parts of a computer system.
 Discover what is inside the CPU box.

Introduction
Computer is an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form, according to
instructions given to it in a variable program. Computer once meant a person who did computations,
but now the term almost universally refers to automated electronic machinery. The first section of this
article focuses on modern digital electronic computers and their design, constituent parts, and
applications. The second section covers the history of computing. i

PART 1- ENGAGE

A. Name the following parts of the computer.

1.

2. 6.

5.
3
4.

B. Direction: Check the pictures which you think you can find inside a CPU and put x if
not.

____________ _________ ___________ __________ _________________

 PART 2- EXPLORE

Help! The school computer had its memory scrambled and we need your help to get things
back in order. Can you unscrambled the computer terms and write the correct word on each
line?
1. EITRNNE_________ 6. IONC__________
2. SAERCH__________ 7. SOEUM________
3. LLCORS_____________ 8. SOTWRFEA_____________
4. FOTN_____________ 9. WSREROB_______________
5. CRESEN__________ 10. KCLIC _____________

PART 3- EXPLAIN

Desktop computer hardware are different devices with different tasks. These components are
called peripherals. All together they are system. The basic computer hardware system is
usually composed of the CPU in the CPU Box, keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer, and
speaker.ii

The Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The CPU or Central Processing Unit is found inside the CPU Box. The CPU is often called the
brain of the computer. The CPU follows special commands called programs. It processes the
data you entered into it using a program.

The Keyboard
The Keyboard is used to type data into the computer. It is one way of telling the computer
what to do. You can type in words using the keyboard. You can type in numbers. You can
type in commands and programs.
The Monitor
The monitor allows you to see what your computer is doing. It is like a television. You will see
your letter, drawing, pictures, or movies on the monitor screen.

The Mouse
The mouse is a pointing device. The mouse is used to enter data and commands into the
computer. The mouse moves the pointer on the monitor screen. When you move the mouse,
the pointer also moves. You can point to things on the screen using the mouse.

The Speakers
The speakers are the computer parts that convert electrical signal to sound. The speaker
allows you to listen to music from the computer. Other sounds can also be heard when the
computer is working.

The Printer
The printer is a machine that takes what you have created on your computer and puts them
on paper. The printer will print your letters on paper.
The Modem
The modem (Modulator- Demodulator) is a communication device that allows the computer to
receive and send data and information to and from other telephone lines, cables (also used
for cable TV), satellite, and other media. Modem allows the home and school computers to
connect to the internet. The capability to acquire and share information of one computer
significantly increases when connected to the internet.

What is inside the CPU Box?

Inside the CPU Box are the motherboard CPU, memory, internal storage, and power supply.

The MotherBoard also called the system board is the main base of a computer hardware
system. All parts, components, and devices connect to the motherboard. The motherboard is
also the host of the CPU, the memory and all the essential elements of the computer. All
other components are usually connected by a data cable.

CPU ( Central Processing Unit) , the brain of the computer, is inside the CPU box placed
on a special slot on the motherboard. The CPU is contained inside a small chip called the
microprocessor. The CPU processes all the basic and complex instructions given to it.

Memory is where data and programs are placed for execution by the CPU. The memory is
also directly connected to the motherboard through a slot called socket.
There are three kinds of memories:
1. RAM ( Random Access Memory) also called the main memory. Data and programs are
place here when the CPU is processing. Information in the RAM are lost when power is
turned off.
2. ROM ( Read Only Memory) stores important programs for example, to start the computer.
ROM information cannot be changed even when power is off.
3. CMOS ( COmplimentary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) stores the date, calendar, and
current time of the computer. It is powered by batteries so that even when the computer is off
information inside it, remains.

Internal Storage is where the data are kept for future use. This storage retains information
even when power is turned off. The common internal storage is the hard disk but solid state
drives, hard disk without moving parts, is now popular

Power supply. The CPU, motherboard, hard disk, and other components inside the CPU box
get their power source from the power supply.

The central Processing Unit (CPU)

The CPU executes a step by step instruction in its memory called program. The CPU has two
basic components; the arithmetic logic unit (ALL) and the control unit. These two components
work together to do the computer processing.

The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) does the arithmetic and logical operations for the computer.
The arithmetic function includes the basic math calculations such as addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division. The logical function on the other hand compares whether a data is
greater, less or equal another, and then certain action occurs.
The control unit function just like a traffic cop that directs what operation the CPU does first,
next and so on. It determines what numbers to add, what data to compare in arithmetic logic
unit.

Machine Cycle
There are four basic steps that the CPU does to process its operation: fetch, decode,
execute, and store. The process is repeated again and again until the last instruction. This is
also called the machine cycle.
Fetch- is the process getting a program instruction or data from memory.
Decode- is the process of translating these instructions data that the CPU can understand
and execute upon.
Execute- is the process of carrying out the command. It is either arithmetic or logical
operation.
Store- is the process of writing the result to memory. This memory is in the CPU itself and
they are called registers. This memory is not the RAM or the hard disk.

Registers
Inside the CPU are small but high-speed data storage called registers. Registers hold data
and instructions temporarily but are transferred to the CPU for processing at very high
speeds. Processors have different types of registers, some are used to store location of
instruction, while CPU decode it, store data while ALU computes it and store results ALU
calculations or comparison.

System Clock
The CPU clock is generated by a quartz crystal. The sytem clock provides the fixed
sequence in time that cannot be varied. The number of ticks in one cycle is called clock
rate.The faster the clock rate, the faster is the processor in processing instructions.

CPU Cooling
The CPU chip generates a lot of heat when processing and may burn up if not cooled. A
cooling system is needed to ensure that the processor chip is cooled to a level that it operates
efficiently. Most processors are provided with cooling fans but these may not be enough,
additional external cooling is needed.

Heat sink is a metal component attached to the CPU with fins designed to dissipate heat and
therefore cool the processor. Heat is absorbed by the heat sink and is dispersed to the air by
the fin. Sometimes heat pipes are used to blow heat away.

PART 4- EXTEND

A. Essay. Why is it important to learn about computer hardware?

_____________________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

PART 5- EVALUATE

A. Identify the following computer peripherals.

___________________ 1. ___________________6.

___________________ 2. ___________________7.

___________________3. ____________________8.

___________________4. ____________________9.

___________________5. _____________________10.

B. Choose only 3 among the parts of the computer system and give short description for
each.
1. ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

RUBRICS
 Content 5
Accuracy 5
Total 10

References:
A. Image Reference
___________________
Computer : https://www.britannica.com/technology/computer

BASIC PARTS OF A COMPUTER: https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/computerbasics/basic-parts-of-a-computer/1/

B. Online Sources
i
Computer : https://www.britannica.com/technology/computer

ii
BASIC PARTS OF A COMPUTER: https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/computerbasics/basic-parts-of-a-computer/1/