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UNIT3 Computer

The World Wide Web (WWW) was created in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN to enable researchers to share information. It uses URLs, HTTP, and HTML to share hyperlinked documents across a distributed network. Search engines help users find information on the web by using web crawlers to index web pages and return relevant results for keyword searches. A web server is a computer that delivers web pages using HTTP and can be a physical or virtual machine running programs like Apache, IIS, lighttpd or Jigsaw to serve websites.

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38 views

UNIT3 Computer

The World Wide Web (WWW) was created in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN to enable researchers to share information. It uses URLs, HTTP, and HTML to share hyperlinked documents across a distributed network. Search engines help users find information on the web by using web crawlers to index web pages and return relevant results for keyword searches. A web server is a computer that delivers web pages using HTTP and can be a physical or virtual machine running programs like Apache, IIS, lighttpd or Jigsaw to serve websites.

Uploaded by

Tamanna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WWW

The World Wide Web abbreviated as WWW and commonly known as the web.
The WWW was initiated by CERN (European library for Nuclear Research) in 1989.

It is a project created, by Timothy Berner’s Lee in 1989, for researchers to work


together effectively at CERN. is an organization, named World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C), which was developed for further development in the web. This
organization is directed by Tim Berner’s Lee, aka the father of the web.
Features of WWW:
• HyperText Information System
• Cross-Platform
• Distributed
• Open Standards and Open Source
• Uses Web Browsers to provide a single interface for many services
• Dynamic, Interactive and Evolving.
• “Web 2.0”
Components of Web: There are 3 components of web:
1. Uniform Resource Locator (URL): serves as system for resources on
web.
2. HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP): specifies communication of
browser and server.
3. Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML): defines structure, organisation
and content of webpage.

Write a short note on Search Engines?


Search engines are the programs that are needed to extract information from
the internet. They play a very important role in our daily routine, like today for
each and every information we are dependent on the internet.

Web search engines work with the help of two programs, Spider which fetches
as many documents as possible. Another program, called an indexer, reads the
documents and creates an index based on the words contained in each
document. Each search engine uses an algorithm to create its indices such that,
only related results for specified keywords are stored and returns a list of the
documents where the keywords were found.

A search engine works in the following order:


1. Web crawling: Web search engines work by storing information
about many web pages. These pages are retrieved by the program
known as Web crawler – which follows every link on the site. Web
crawler may also be called a Web spider.
2. Indexing: Indexing also known as web indexing, it stores data to
facilitate fast and accurate information retrieval.
3. Searching: A web search query fetches the result from the web
search engine entered by the user to meet his information needs.

What is Web Server?


A web server is a computer programs that delivers (serves) content, such as Web
pages, using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), over the World Wide Web. The
term Web server can also refer to the computer or virtual machine running the
program. In large commercial deployments, a server computer running a Web server
can be rack-mounted in a server rack or cabinet with other servers to’ operate a Web
farm.
Types of Server
Every Web site sits on a computer known as a Web server. This server is always
connected to the internet. Every Web server that is connected to the Internet is given
a unique address made up of a series of four numbers between 0 and 256 separated
by periods. For example; 68.178.157.132 or 68.122.35.127. When you register a Web
address, also known as a domain name, you have to specify the IP address of the Web
server that will host the site. There are four leading web browsers: Apache, IIS,
lighttpd and Jagsaw.
Apache HTTP Server: This is the most popular web server in the world developed
by the Apache Software Foundation. Apache web server is an open source software
and can be installed on almost all operating systems including Linux, Unix,
Windows, FreeBSD, Mac OS X and more. About 60% of the web server machines run
the Apache Web Server.
Internet Information Services: The Internet Infonnation Server (lIS) is a high
performance Web Server from Microsoft. This web server runs on Windows
NT/2000 and 2003 platforms (and may be on upcoming new Windows version also).
IIS comes bundled with Windows NT/20aO and 2003; Because IIS is tightly
integrated with the operating system so it is relatively easy to administer it.
Lighttpd: The lighttpd, pronounced lighty is also a free web server that is
distributed with the FreeBSD operating system. This open source web server is fast,
secure and consumes much less CPU power. Lighttpd can also run on Windows, Mac
OS X, Linux and Solaris operating systems.
Sun Java System Web Server: This web server from Sun Microsystems is suited
for medium and large web sites. Though the server is free it is not open source. It
however, runs on Windows, Linux and UNIX platforms. The Sun Java System web
server supports various languages, scripts and technologies required for Web 2.0
such as JSP, Java Servlets, PHP, Perl, Python, and Ruby on Rails, ASP and
ColdFusion etc.
Jigsaw Server: Jigsaw (W3C’s Server) comes from the World Wide Web
Consortium. It is open source and free and can run on various platforms like Linux,
UNIX, Windows, and Mac OS X Free BSD etc. Jigsaw has been written in Java and
can run CGI scripts and PHP programs.

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