Chapter I Science, Technology and Society and the Human Condition PP2DP>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>> >>> >>> 222>> DDDDD>, 4 The Human Flourishing in Terms of ‘ LESSON 1 Science and Technology KKK KK KKK KKK Kec << K KK KKK KKK <<< << Learning Outcomes At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to: define human flourishing; interview different people about human flourishing; differentiate western and eastern philosophy about human flourishing; and cite the importance of Human flourishing. “All the world’s a stage, And all the wen and women merely players; They have their exits and entrances, and one man in his time plays many parts... -William Shakespeare ry G) Introduction fa ‘ Every living creature is meant to become what it is meant to be. The caterpillar is meant to become a beautiful butterfly; a small seed into a full-grown herb, bush or tree; and a human baby into a a “who i ive, the glory of God” in mature person, the person “who is fully alive, the glory the words of St. Irenaeus. (Corpuz, 2015). <° As we grow and develop there are different factors that affect 4+ US, there are different questions that need to be answered and .. there are steps and actions that need to be undertaken, Flouishing is the hi human attempt to achieve his/her goal. ta sco om 2 nie being when he/she achieved it for the betterment of his/her life. The best life is one of excellent human activity. “Eudaimonia’, literally “good spirited” is a term connected by renowned Greek Philosopher Aristotle (385-323B.C.) to describe 5 the peak of human's happiness that can be attained. The big question is *How?". How “will you achieve your flourishing? ee Chapter Il: STS and the Human Condition 25 “g Lesson 1: The Human Flourishing in Terms of Science and Technology €(A ) ACTIVITY #4 “ARISTOTLE ASKS” Aristotle tries to begin with common sense. He doesn't just want to build theory in thin air that have no connection to realty. He just collects different opinions fron different people about a certain topic, For your Activity you will ask the opinions of y different people about the following question: ‘A. What is happiness? B. What is/are your goal/s in life? ©. How can you achieve your goal/s? D. Who are the people you need to achieve your goal/s with? ‘A. What is happiness? Me De Bo B. What is/are your goals in life? 4 2 3. ©. How can you achieve your goal/s? Gather all the answers of the respondents. What are the top 3 most frequent answer? | { oo nals A CONCLUSION What is happiness from the data you've gathered from different respondents. 26 Science, Technology and SoclelyNANA Aristotle's human flourishing arises as a product of different factors such as phronesis, friendship, wealth and power. The Ancient Greek society believed that for the people to achieve the true meaning of happiness these qualities should be acquired, which in effect allow them to join in the greater notion of what we call the Good. For Aristotle, the good is what is good for purposeful and goal-directed entities He defines the good proper to human beings as the activities in which the life functions specific to human beings are most fully realized. For Aristotle, the good of each species is finality existing to that species. A person's nature as a human being provides him with guidance with respect to how he should live his life. A fundamental fact of human nature is the existence of individual human beings each with his own rational mind and free will. The highest or most general good to which all individuals should aim is to live most fully a life that is proper to man. The proper function of every person is to live happily, successfully, and well. This is done through the active exercise of a person's distinctive capacity, rationality, as he/she engages in activities to the degree appropriate 'o the person in the context of his/her own identity as a human being, One's own life is the only life that a person must live. It follows that, for Aristotle, the "good" is what is objectively good for a person. Aristotle's eudaimonia is formally egoistic in that a person's normative reason for choosing actions stems from the idea that he/she must pursue his/her own good or flourishing. Because self-interest is flourishing, the good in human conduct is connected to the self-interest of the acting person. Good means "good for" the individual moral agent. Egoism is an integral part of Aristotle's ethics. In his ethical writings, Aristotle endorses egoism, rationality, and the value of life. He insisted that the key idea in ethics is a human individual's own personal happiness and well-being. Each person is responsible for his/her own character. According to Aristotle, each person has a natural obligation to achieve, become, and make something of himself/herself by pursuing his/her true ends and goals in life. Each person should be concerned with the "best that is within him/her" and with the most accomplished and self-sufficient success and excellence. People found means to live more comfortably, explore more places, develop more products, and make more money, and then the cycle is just repeating to suffice their happiness. In the beginning, early people relied on animals for their transportation; they telied on stones and spears to hunt food; they used skin of animals to protect their skin and used it as clothes; they used stones to make fire and lastly; they just lived in a cave as their shelter. As the time went by there was a big change in the way the people lived before and the way the people live today. Development allowed them to make grander land more sophisticated machines to aid them in their endeavors that eventually led to space explorations, medicines innovations and ventures of life after death. Our concept of human flourishing today proves to be different from what Aristotle originally perceived Humans of today are expected to become a “man of the world.” The person today is ‘Supposed to build himself/herself in a global neighborhood, working side by side among ‘institutions and different governments to be able to reach common goal. Competition @s a means of survival has become outdated; Cooperation and coordination among individuals are the new trend. There is a difference between eastern and western ideas regarding society nd human flourishing. The Western Society where Aristotle is included tends to é Chapter Il: STS and the Human Condition Lesson 1: The Human Flourishing in Tems of Science and Technology *be more focused on the individual, while those from the East aro more community. centric. individual flourishing as an end then is primarily more of a concern for westem civilization. Eastern civilization puts the community above the individual. Community ig given the highest regard and that the individual should sacrifice himself for the sake of society. ® APPLICATION Think of one issue/problem in your field that needs to be resolved by the unique individual characteristic/s of each member of the group. Characteristics: Member: Choracteristics: Member Characteristics Member: Choracterstics Member: Charocteristics: Member: Choracterist Characteristics: Member: Characteristics: 28 Science, Technology and SonetyD>Do>D>>d>>>>>DD>DDDPDPPDPPPPBBPPPPPAPPP PPPID> LESSON 2 Technology as a Way of Revealing KEKE KEK KECK KKK KEK KECK KEKE KEK KEE Learning Outcomes ‘At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to: + determine the steps of scientific method in solving problems; + identify the importance of diversity and collaboration in the scientific community towards human flourishing; and explain the concept of human conditions before and after science and technology. The maw of science has Learned to believe in justification, wot by faith, but by verification ~Thomas Huxley Introduction Science is a voyage of exploration just to find out how things work and it's really interesting because it is an ongoing and endless process. People tend to look for the betterment of their lives each and everyday. The longer the people explore science, the more the people become curious that science itself cannot answer its own questions. Where did we come from? , Are we alone in this universe? Can we ever make humans better with science for their happiness?, Why does something exist rather than nothing? Why are we here? These questions are yet to be answered scientifically. It is in this regard that human flourishing is deeply intertwined with goal setting relevant to science and technology. In this case, the end product is relevant as a tool in achieving the former Technology is a human activity that we excel in as a result of achieving science. The goals of science and technology and human flourishing fall on the same grounds which are the good and the truth. Science and technology have changed the ways we live, work, and think. The well-being of individuals, nations, and the Earth depends in part on techno-scientific discoveries and inventions. 30 Science, Technology and SocietyACTIVITY #1 GROUP PRESENTATION For each group, state the reason that brought abi fi isa ach ru, sa ight about the invention, the advantage, Reason for the Invention Invention Advantagels | Disadvantage/s | Inventor ——+ a, Telescope b. Skyscrapers c. Microscope | — , Radio e. Guns f. Internet = ‘ g. Cellphones 1 h. Cars i. Clothes + What are the Steps of Scientific Method? SCIENCE AS METHOD Science is an organized way of studying things and finding answers to questions. Scientific method is an approach to seeking knowledge that involves forming and testing a hypothesis. This methodology is used to answer questions in a wide variety of disciplines. In school, this method is taught in the earlier grade level. Though the number of steps is different, it presents a general view of how to solve problems: . Observe and identify using your senses the unexplainable occurrences around you. Identify the problem and identify the possible factors involved. Formulate hypothesis that could explain the said occurrences. Ideally, the goal is to reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis for the study to be significant and beneficial to the society. Conduct experiment by setting up dependent and independent variables and see how the independent variable affects the dependent variable. . Gather and analyze the data once your experiment is complete. Collect your measurements and analyze them to see if they support your hypothesis or not. Accept or reject the hypothesis or modify the hypothesis if necessary. 6. Formulate conclusion and provide recommendation in case others would like to extend and broaden the study you have conducted. The scientific method is a logical process for experimentation that is used to - 2 * a (Chapter I: STS and the Human Condition 341 Lesson 2: Technology as a Way of Revealingobserve and answer questions. Does this mean that all scientists follow exactly the scientific method? No. Some areas of science can be more easily tested than otherg, For example, scientists studying how stars change as they age cannot fastforward stars life by a million years. If direct experimentation is not possible, scientists modify the scientific method. In fact, there are probably as many versions of the scientiig method as long as the goal remains the same. Even though we show the scientific method as a series of steps, keep in ming that new information or thinking might cause a scientist to back up and repeat step at any point during the process. A process like the scientific method that involves such backing up and repeating is called an iterative process. Genius is 1% talent and 99% hard work according to Albert Einstein. Why are Diversity and Collaboration in the Scientific Community important towards Human Flourishing? Science as a Social Endeavor typanesa is CORRECT” Here is an illustration of a Geeky Scientist, isolated in the windowless basement lab, strictly following the rules of the, Scientific Method, until he finished a great discovery. In. this picture science works even all the steps in the scientific method not followed. The process of science is flexible and may take many possible paths. Science is done by unique individuals without following a certain routine with motivation, ambition, and creativity. Many of them are passionate about their work and many of them are creative towards achieving their goals. Scientists do spend time working alone in their own lab, field, or at the computer but also in collaborating with other scientists to widen their perspective as a scientist. Most scientific work also involves reviewing other scientists’ articles for journals, teaching, mentoring graduate students and younger scientists, speaking at conferences, and participating in scientific societies. The job of a scientist involves lots more than disappearing into a windowless lab and running an endless series of experiments. Scientists from such diverse backgrounds bring many points of view that have bearing ‘on scientific problems. . The following are the importance of diversity and collaboration in the. scientific community towards human flourishing oat the Fest two steps of Sante “Meth 7 4. Collaboration and diversity balance possible biases. Scientist benefits from other scientists and practitioners with different sets of beliefs, cultural backgrounds, and values to balance out the possible biases that might happen if science were practiced by a small group of humanity. Scientists should not be impartial but be objective in their assessments of scientific issues. In those occasional cases in which personal biases sneak in, they are kept in check by a diverse scientific community. 32 Sclence, Technology and Society2. Diversity and collaboration stimulate problem solving. Two heads are better than one. Science benefits greatly from a community. Problems arise from different sectors of society. A diverse community is better able to generate new research methods, explanations and ideas, which can help science over challenging obstacles and shed new light on Problems for the betterment of the society, 2 . Diversity and collaboration facilitate specialization. Scientists have — different strengths and different interests. Not only do people from different backgrounds choose to investigate different questions, but they may have different approaches in the same question. They may have different questions on a certain topic. They may have different respondents to validate their hypothesis. They have different methods that are based on their interests. Diversity and collaboration are inspiration and motivation. Interactions in society encourage innovation and development of ideas about new lines of evidence, new applications, new questions, and alternate explanations about a technology. Some people are driven by the thrill of competition like the runners run faster, politicians campaign harder, and students study more for college exams when they know that they are competing against others. Scientists are not exempted. Some scientists are motivated by the sense of competition offered by the community. Likewise, the community offers scientists the prospect of recognition from the other well-known scientists. In science, achievement is usually measured, not in terms of money or titles, but in terms of respect and esteem from colleagues. §. Diversity and collaboration divide labor. Science is too wide for an individual on his or her own to handle. Collaborations and division of labor are increasingly important today, as our scientific understanding, ‘echniques, and technologies expand. There is simply more to know than ever before and as we learn more about the world, more research is performed at the intersections Of different fields. Chapter Il: STS and the Human Condition 33, Lesson 2: Technology as @ Way of RevealingScientific method gives a logical way on how to solve a problem and to improve our daily living, but science does not work alone. There should be a collaboration among individuals and have different ideas, drives, characteristics, motivations, culture and beliefs that help us to attain what we call “human flourishing What are the Human Conditions Before and After Science and Technology? According to Ramey (2012) these are the concepts of human condition before and after science and technology. Technological Advancements and Their Effects on Humanity By Karehka Ramey -November 12, 2012 Our personal life is highly dependent on the technology that people have developed. Technology has advanced with years and it has changed the way we purchase products, the way we live, the way we communicate, the way we travel, the way we learn and so many changes have been brought about by these continuous technological advancements. As people's demands and life style change, the demand for advancing the type of technology we use is high. Almost everything we use has been innovated to belter standards, a good example is the ‘Mobile Phone,” the type of mobile phones we had in 1995 are no longer on demand in this century, the demands of mobile phone users have changed greatly, and this has resulted in the advancement of mobile phone technologies. Users of mobile phones demand simplicity and more functionality, which has forced mobile phone manufactures to develop computer minded smart phones, which are $0 easy fo use, but also, they come with more functionality compared to the type of mobile phones we used to have in the past. Technological advancements have helped businesses and organizations save time and cost of production, which has been an advantage to all business. They manage these advancements to gain competitive advantage. A good example is the 3G / 4G broadband, small businesses have taken advantage of this super-fast internet to reach target markets with less costs of operation. . Technology Advancement in Medicine and Health Care Technology has helped in saving many innocent lives. Human medicine and health sciences have improved. Doctors and medical students have-embarked on medical technological tools to carry out extensive research on human health problems and challenges. This extensive research has resulted into the development of new drugs, and treatments which have ‘helped in curing most challenging human diseases. This has helped in saving so ‘many lives and it has also prolonged the human lifespan. Let's look at some coo! medical technological advancements and how they help 4s treat diabetes, Robotic Surgeons, Neuroprosthetic Chips which prevent seizures and control artificial imbs with mind, Mutmodality Hybrid Imaging Technology which detects prostate cancer and Artificial Wombs which are used to grow an embryo outside of a woman's body. 34 Science, Technology and Societya a re Other health care technologies include Nano-composite Contact Lenses used for Technological advancements in communication. Communication is a major factor in both human lives and business. Communication technology has changed with years and it has even become better, | can tell what the future holds in this fleld of eemuntcation. They were using a fixed land line to communicate before, by then, this was the best Way to communicate with your family, friends or business partners ond suppliers. The only challenge it had was that it was fixed, 0 if you're not in the office oF at home, people could not communicate wit you. With years tis technology has evolved, and we have witnessed new mobile phones which made communication easier: The people can enjoy advanced communication technology (iPad). This is a new technology, which can do more than just making calls. With its technology, you en aren do a live video call and see the people you're communicating wit, like Smart phones, iPhone or Samsung galaxy which can have related functions. Technological Advancements in Agriculture has played a big role in changing the face of agriculture. This has resulted into increased production and abundant food supply. The farmers in a developing world use poor methods for irigating thelr plants. During droughts, crops will run out of water, so farmers must irrigate their crops for a better yield, but with the type of irigation method, the crops will nat yield well so the farmer will have a big loss. The advanced sprinklers are used to inigate a big farm, and this saves the farmer time. A farmer who used this advanced technology will have a large output as well as produce high quality products. This is an automated water sprinkler, which can be set based on time of the day and movement of the sun, so the crops will always get sufficient water. Technological Advancements in Education has greatly changed the education sector, We nowadays learn through mobile gadgets and tablets. Technology has simplified the way teachers reach their students and it has also helped students leam from anywhere as well as enable them access academic information at anytime from anywhere. Information is power, so both students and teachers can use advanced technologies for education to make research on subjects of interest. Some of the ‘most popular technology advances which have changed the face of education include use of smart phones in classroom, use of tablets and mobile computers in education and classroom, use of smart whiteboards for visual illustration in the classroom, use of internet for long distance learning, use of social, media fo connect students with teachers, for example Piazza.com. Lets’ look at this example: The teacher before was using a black board and chalk to explain mathematical equations, this is the type of education most of us had, but some students could fail to learn because of its lack Of real time visual illustration. The teacher today is using a smart whiteboard which gives students visual illustrations on each subject; you can see that all students in the classroom are well engaged compared to a classroom with a blackboard. Chapter Il: STS and the Human Condition 35 Lesson 2: Technology as a Way of Revealing@®) EVALUATION + Determine and apply the steps of scientific method + Identify the importance of diversity and collaboration in the scientt towards human flourishing. + Explain the concept of human conditions before and technology. in solving problems. ific community after science anq 4. Think of a problem in our daily life where you can apply the scientific method. Example: Observe: Low score in Math during quiz Identify the problem: I'm spending too much time in browsing Facebook rather than reading notes. Formulate Hypothesis: Lessen the number of hours in browsing Facebook and ‘Adding time reading notes Conduct Experiment: | will spend 1 hour in browsing the internet and 4 hours in reading my notes. Gather and Analyze: | will identify if my scores increase in all of my quizzes in Math or not. Formulate conclusion and provide recommendation: If my quizzes in Math are higher than my scores before so therefore | conclude that lessening the number of hours in browsing the Facebook is effective. If not, | will recommend that | will not spend time in browsing the Facebook but rather | will spend my time in reading notes in Math. 36 Science, Technology and Society>>>>D>>>>>>>>>>2>>>>>>9>>> >> >>> >>> DD PDDPD DDDDDD LESSON 3 The Good Life SSSKKKKKKx