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CNC Presentation

The document discusses CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machining. It explains that CNC uses automated control of machines through coded programmed instructions rather than manual operation. It describes the differences between manual and CNC lathes, noting CNC offers greater accuracy and precision. It also outlines the Cartesian coordinate system used in CNC with X, Y and Z axes. The document discusses safety devices on CNC lathes and precautions operators should take. It provides details on programming codes for functions like rapid traverse, feed rates, absolute/incremental modes, and auxiliary commands for coolant and tool changes.

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Maryam Albalooshi
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93 views

CNC Presentation

The document discusses CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machining. It explains that CNC uses automated control of machines through coded programmed instructions rather than manual operation. It describes the differences between manual and CNC lathes, noting CNC offers greater accuracy and precision. It also outlines the Cartesian coordinate system used in CNC with X, Y and Z axes. The document discusses safety devices on CNC lathes and precautions operators should take. It provides details on programming codes for functions like rapid traverse, feed rates, absolute/incremental modes, and auxiliary commands for coolant and tool changes.

Uploaded by

Maryam Albalooshi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CNC

P R E S E N T A T I O N

Done by: Budour AlHameli, Shamsa Yousif, and Maryam Murad


WHAT IS CNC?
Numerical control is the automated control of machining tools by means of a
computer. In short, A CNC machine processes a piece by following coded
programmed instructions and without a manual operator directly controlling the
machining operation.

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MANUAL


LATHE AND CNC MACHINING
The main difference between a manual lathe and CNC machining is accuracy and
time consumption. With careful cutting, you can get high accuracy on a manual
lathe, while CNC machining offers extreme accuracy and precise parts in less time
and price. CNC machining also saves tool life span when used correctly.
CNC MACHINE COORDINATE SYSTEM

CNC machines primarily use a Cartesian coordinate system that has an X, Y, and Z
axis. In the lathe, coordinates designate the positions of the workpiece so it can be
machined. X-axis allows movement “left” and “right”, Y-axis allows movement
“forward” and “backward”, Z-axis allows movement “up” and “down”.
CNC MACHINE COORDINATE SYSTEM

CNC machines primarily use a Cartesian coordinate system that has an X, Y, and Z
axis. In the lathe, coordinates designate the positions of the workpiece so it can be
machined. X-axis allows movement “left” and “right”, Y-axis allows movement
“forward” and “backward”, Z-axis allows movement “up” and “down”.
SAFETY DEVICES IN A CNC LATHE
A CNC lathe includes safety devices that help protect a suer or make the usage of the lathe safer:
-An emergency stop button: When an emergency stop button is pushed, the machine is immediately shut down. This
button is typically found on the handheld, the control panel, and in other places on the machine.
-A curtain guard: Guards are used to protect operators from the risk of tool fragments or chippings flying into the air.
-soundproof casing: Soundproof casings reduce the noise emitted by the operating section of the machine. They also
protect the machine operator from fluttering tool fragments and other flying objects.
-Contact mats: Contact Mats: When the operator stands on the mat, the machine immediately stops, guarding the
operator from moving parts. It's used to stop the CNC machine instantly.
-Guard fence: Guard fences allow the operator to remain completely away from moving parts of the machine as they
mark the superior working area.
PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES

The operator should also take steps to shield themselves from the machine's potential dangers. These
steps include standing at a safe distance from the machine when it is on, alerting anyone nearby who
may be at risk of getting too close, avoiding touching the cutting edges, and turns the machine off
completely and cleans it when it has finished working. Finally, it is crucial that an operator wears PPE
such as googles, gloves and to tie their hair and keep it away from the machine.
RAPID TRAVERSE AND FEED
TRAVERSE (G0 & G1)
Rapid traverse is used for rapidly positioning the tool, and not
used for machining the workpiece.
G0 is known as "move without activiting the tool ".
The G1 instruction instructs your printer to move in a straight line
to the specified destination. As well as it can be used to move a
single axis or numerous axes at the same time.
METRIC AND INCH CODES
(G70 & G71 OR G20 & G21)
G70 , G71 evaluates all geometric parameters that directly
refer to the workpiece(in incches or metric units).
G20: Programming in inches
G21: Programming in millimeters
ABSOLUTE AND INCREMENTAL
COMMANDS (G90 & G91)
G91 is incremental, while G90 is absolute.
THE WORKPIECE
Linear and circular interpolation G1 G2 G3:
- G1: Linear interpolation.
- G2:Circular interpolation CW.
- G3: Circular interpolation CC.

Auxiliary functions (m codes):

- M01: M01 Optional stop is used to give the operator the choice to stop the machine at a given point in the
program.
- M03: Spindle on in a clockwise direction.
- M04: Spindle on in a counterclockwise direction
- M05: Once the cutter is away from the component we can safely stop the spindle with an M05
- M06: Using the command M06 tells the machine to change the tool in the spindle if it has an automatic tool
changer.
- M08 and M09: M08 is the G Code command to turn on the main spindle coolant, M09 turns off all coolant.
Feed, coolant, speed, and tool exchange commands:
- M07: To turn coolant on, program.
- M08: To turn flood coolant on, program.
- M09: To turn all coolant off, program.

Program and codes (M2 & M30):


This would notify the software that it had completed its duty and cause the program to end.

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