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5
Science
Quarter 4 - Module 1
HOW ROCKS TURN TO SOIL

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Science- Grade 5
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 - Module 1: HOW ROCKS TURN INTO SOIL
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Ozamiz City

Schools Division Superintendent: Jean G. Veloso, CESO VI

Development Team of the Module

Author: Evelyn T. Luzana

Reviewers: Eugene C. Bucog, Milagros Z. Mendoza, Menerva D.
Barola and Jed Mae F. Coronel
Illustrator and Layout Artist: Daryl Henry Engracia and Desi G. Aninao

Management Team
Chairperson: Jean G. Veloso, CESO VI
Schools Division Superintendent

Co-Chairperson:

Audie S. Borres, CESE

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Members :
Anacleta A. Gacasan-CID Chief
Jed Mae F. Coronel, EPS-Science
Menerva D. Barola, PSDS
May P. Edullantes, LRMS Manager
Desi G. Aninao, PDO II
Mary Ann Grace J. Manili, Librarian II

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Division of Ozamiz City
Office Address: IBJT Compound, Carangan, Ozamiz City
Telefax: (088) 545-09-88
E-mail Address: [email protected]

Science 5
Quarter 4 - Module 1

HOW ROCKS TURN TO SOIL

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and

reviewed by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and
or/universities. We encourage teachers and other education
stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and
recommendations to the Department of Education at action@
deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

FAIR USE AND CONTENT DISCLAIMER: This module is for educational purposes only. Borrowed materials
(i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are
owned by their respective copyright holders. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them. Sincerest appreciation to those who have made significant contributions to this module.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

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 Table of Contents

What This Module is About.......................................................................i

What I Need to Know.................................................................................i
How to Learn from this Module.................................................................i
Icons of this Module.................................................................................ii

What I Know............................................................................................iii

Lesson 1:
(How rocks turn to soil)..........................................................................
What’s In …………………………………………………………Page 1
What I Need to Know………………………………..…………Page 1
What Is New………………………………..……………Page 2 and 3
What Is It ………………………………………………..Page 4 and 5
What Is More ……………………………………………Page 5, 6 and 7
What I Have Learned……………………………………………...Page 7
What I Can Do………………………………..………………….…Page 7

Summary……………………………………………………………………………Page 8
Assessment: (Post-Test)………………………………………………………..Page 9
Key to Answers……………………………………………………….Page 10 and 11
References…………………………………………………………………….…..Page 11
What This Module is About

This module is intended for Grade 5 Science in its 4 th quarter from

which you will learn all about weathering.

It further introduced the different processes and activities to fully

understand the process of breaking rocks to form soil.

What I Need to Know

There are different ways to break a rock and turn into soil and how
the different forces of nature help in breaking the rocks to soil to be used in
our day to day life.

At the end of this module, you are are also expected to describe the
different ways of breaking rocks to form into soil.

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:

• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.

• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and

exercises diligently.

• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

 This part contains learning objectives that
What I Need to
are set for you to learn as you go along the
Know
module.

This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
What I know
meant specifically to gauge prior related
knowledge

This part connects previous lesson with that

What’s In
of the current one.

An introduction of the new lesson through

What’s New various activities, before it will be presented
to you.

These are discussions of the activities as a

What is It way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

These are follow-up activities that are in-

What’s More tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

These are tasks that are designed to show-

What I can do case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.

This is an assessment tool for every module to

Assessment measure the knowledge and skills the learners
learned.

This provides answers to the different

Answer Key
activities and assessments.

Icons of this Module

What I Know

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 (Pre-test, checking prior knowledge)

Match Column A with Column B. Write the answers in your notebook.

1 . The kind of rock that is formed from molten rock. A. sedimentary

rock

2. The kind of rock that is changed from other rocks. B. sandstone

3. Shale is an example of this kind of rock. C. igneous rock

4. A metamorphic rock formed from limestone. D. metamorphic

5. A sedimentary rock formed from pressed sand. E. marble

Were your answers correct? Read these:

 Sedimentary rock are formed out of sediments

 Sandstones are made of mud and sand. They are used in walls
and buildings

 Igneous rocks are formed from magma

 Metamorphic rocks are composed of these that were once

igneous ot sedimentary rocks.

 A marble is made from limestone. Its colors depend on its

environment. It is used in making beautiful walls, floorings and
movements.

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 Lesson
How Rocks Turn to Soil
1

What’s In

In your previous lesson you learned about the different kinds of rocks and
on how they were formed, in this lesson you will learn how those rocks break and
turn to soil.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you will be able to:

- describe how the rocks turn to soil.

- identify the forces that break down rocks (e.g. water, people, animals, etc)

- show how each force break down rocks

- infer that continuous weathering lead to the formation of soil.

Vocabularies:
1. Weathering - is the breaking down of rocks, soils, and minerals as well
as wood and artificial materials through contact with the Earth's
atmosphere, water, and biological organisms.

2. Decay - Decomposition of organic matter

3. Quarrying - The method of removal of stones from their natural bed by

using different Operations

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 4. Temperature - is a physical property of matter that quantitatively
expresses hot and cold.

What’s New
Day-1: Exploration Time

Have you ever wondered where the soil comes from? If you do, you will find
out in this lesson how rocks could become soil.

Activity 1-Water, Rocks and Soil

In this activity, you will see how water affects breakdown of rocks to soil.

What you need:

Small and soft rocks samples, glass jar half-filled with water, piece of clean
cloth and rubber band.

What to do:

1. Put the small and soft rock samples that you have prepared inside
the glass jar half-filled with water then cover it tightly.

2. Shake the glass jar for about 2 minutes.

3. Remove the cover of the glass jar. Replace it with the piece of cloth
tied at the brim of the bottle with the use of the rubber band as shown
in the illustration.

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 4. Turn the glass jar upside down to empty the water in the bottle as
shown in the illustration below.

5. When the water is gone, remove the piece of cloth in the glass jar
and examine the rock samples that you placed inside. record your
observation in your notebook.

Answer these:

1. What happened to the rock samples that you have placed inside
the glass jar?

2. Where did the small particle in the glass jar

come from?

3. What caused the rock to break in small pieces?

4. Are these small particles look the same with the soil?

Did you get the correct answers? Find out.

The soft rock samples you put inside the jar half-filled with water

became small particles after shaking the jar for about two minutes. It’s

the water that caused the rocks to break into small pieces. The small

particles look like tiny bits and finally look the same the soil.

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 What Is It

Day 2: READ AND LEARN MORE

 Rocks are hard, compact and solid. They continuously break into small
pieces. This process is called weathering. There are factors that cause the
breaking down of rocks to small pieces and finally become soil.

 Different factors act constantly of rocks to

break and change them to soil. These factors
include heat, air, water, plants, animals and man.

 In weathering, the rock may just crumble down

into smaller process or it may produce some other
new substances.

 Plants may break down rocks. Some plants grow

on rocks. When they die and decay, they give off
acid which slowly breaks them down. Roots of
plants may find their way into cracks become
wider, this can cause the rock to break apart
.
 Man and animals help in breaking rocks are
digging mountains androcky places for mining
and quarrying activities. Animals breakdown
rocks with their claws and hooves as they move
around and their waste materials help in the
decay of rocks.

 Weather elements also help in breaking down

rocks. The alternate heating and cooling of rocks
for a long time cause them to break apart. When
the wind blows, it picks up sand and hurts them
against the rocks, as they hit the rocks, the rocks
wear away. Fast moving water carrying soil and
bigger ocean waves crash onto the shore and
pound against big rocks causing the, to break
down into smaller pieces. These are only some of
the forces that help in breaking down of rocks.

Additional information on:

 Watch video on https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fx8r3o2gsLk&t=103s

How was soil form from rocks.

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 Watch video on : https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=kybPmB1zBUw&t=10s Soil Formation | #aumsum #kids #science
#education #children

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 What’s More

Would you like to learn more ideas about the breaking down of
rocks? Try the next activity

Activity 2- Man, Animals, Plants and Rocks

In this Activity, you will observe how many, animals and

plants break down rocks to soil.

What to do:

1. Go round your garden. Look for plants that grew in rocks.

Observe them. You may even draw them in your notebook.

2. Observe how the roots of the plants anchor themselves in the rocks.

3. Observe a place which is often walked-through by people

and animals.

4. Record your observations.

Answer these:

1. What happened to the rocks where the plants grow?

2. Do roots have something to do with in the breakdown of rocks? How?

3. Describe the rocks that you saw in the place where people and
animals often walk-through. How do they look, like? Why?

Were you able to get the correct answer? Read the paragraph below.

Man, animals and plants contribute to the breaking down of

rocks. Some of the activities of men that help in breaking rocks are
digging mountains and rocky places of mining and quarrying
activities. Animals break down rocks with their claws and hooves as
they move around.

Some plants grow on rocks. When they die and decay, they
give off acid which slowly breaks them down. Roots of plants may
find their way into cracks. As the roots grow bigger, the cracks
become wider; this can cause the rocks to break apart.

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Day 3: Activity 3 – Heating and Cooling of Rocks

In this activity, you will see how heating and cooling affect rocks. Using
matches could be dangerous. It can cause fire.

What you need:

soft rocks such as limestone, sandstone or shale basin

cold water tongs candle safety match

What to do:

1. Observe one rock with your naked eye.

2. Hold the rock with the tongs.

3. Put the rock over the flame of the lighted candle for about 1minute

4. Observe what happens to the rock.

5. Heat the rock again for about 1 minute, then drop it into the cold water
water.

6. Take the crook out of the water, wipe it dry, and examine it.

7. Record your observation in your notebook.

Answer these;

1.Describe what happened to each rock when you applied heat.

2. Describe what happened to the hot rock when placed in water.

3. Did the rock change? Why?

4. What is the effect of heating and cooling rocks?

Did you get the correct answers? Read the paragraph below.

At daytime, the rocks expand because the sun heats the surface. At night, it
is cold, so the rocks contract, crack or break. The continuous heating and
cooling of rocks break them up.

Some rocks have holes and cracks in them. Water enters through the holes
and cracks when it rains. When the rocks become cold, the water in these
holes and cracks freezes and the rocks cracks. When this process continues
for many years, the rocks break into pieces.
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 What I Have Learned

In 3 to 5 sentences, answer the following questions. Write the answers in

your notebook.

1. What are the ways how the rocks turn into soil?

2. Descrive how the rocks turn into soil?

What I Can Do

Day 4: For you to do:

In 3 to 5 sentences, answer the following questions. Write the

answers in your notebook.

1. Your father bought a hundred pieces of concrete hollow blocks

for your house to be constructed soon. Where will you store
them to preserve their strength ? Why?

2. A manager of a quarrying firm visited your barangay and

expresses his intention to conduct quarrying business in your
place. He promises to give donations to the people of your
barangay once he is permitted to operate this business. As a
member of the community, will you go for it? Why?

3. Collect broken bits of soil, stones from a broken rocks and put it in a
pot then select any plant you want to place . Keep that plant and use
it during the “Pahina” of your purok. Take pictures during the
gathering and planting then post it on your wall either in Facebook,
Twitter, Instagram or Youtube.

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Summary

The process of beaking rocks to form a soil is called weathering.

Weathering comes in different factors i t act constantly on rocks to
break and change them to soil. These factors include heat, air, water,
plants, animals and man.

Plants grow on rocks. When they die and decay, they give off acid
which slowly breaks them down. Roots of plants may find their way into
cracks become wider, this can cause the rock to break apart.

Man and animals help in breaking rocks with their claws and hooves
as they move around and their waste materials help in the decay of rocks.

Weather elements also help in breaking down rocks. The alternate

heating and cooling of rocks for a long time cause them to break apart.
When the wind blows, it picks up sand and hurts them against the rocks, as
they hit the rocks, the rocks wear away. Fast moving water carrying soil and
bigger ocean waves crash onto the shore and pound against big rocks
causing the, to break down into smaller pieces. These are some of the forces
that help in breaking down of rocks.

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 Day 5: Assessment: (Post-Test)

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the answer in your notebook.

1. Which of the following activities of man contribute to the breaking

down of rocks?

A. fishing
B. mining
C. studying
D. sky diving

2. How do roots of plant break down rocks?

A. They heat the rocks

B. They split the rocks apart.
C. They absorbed rock particles
D. They leave materials on the rocks

3. How does temperature breakdown rocks?

A. Rocks break when it is cooled.

B. Rocks break when it is heated.
C. Rocks break when it is not exposed to water.
D. Rocks break when it is heated and then cooled.

4. Some animals like the rabbits and moles dig up soil for shelter or to
find food. How does its activity contribute to the breaking down of
rocks?

A. Small rocks that be exposed to sunlight.

B. The digging of burrowing of animals breaks the rocks into

small pieces.

C. The food that these animals bring underground causes the

breaking of rocks.

D. Animals will enjoy staying in the dug holes and cause the
rising of temperature inside.

5. Water, people, animals wear away bits of rocks . When this happens,
which of these is going on?

A. erosion
B. fermenting
C. weathering
D. mountain building

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 Answer Key

What I Know Day 1 - Activity 1

(Pre-test)
1. The rocks turn to small particles
1. C
2. The small particles in the glass came from a the
2. D
rocks that was broken.
3. E
3. The causes why the rocks broke was the movement
4. A
of the water as it hit the rocks,and also when the
5. B rocks hit its other the pressure cause it to break
into particles.
4. Yes

Day 2 - Activity 2

1. The rocks where the plants grow were broken.

2. Yes, roots of plants may find their way into cracks as the roots
grow bigger, the cracks become wider; this can cause the rocks to
break apart.
3. Some of the rocks were broken into small particles due to the
pressure and hooves that hit the rocks and broke it.

Day 3 - Activity 3

1. The rock expands and it creates small craks on rocks.

2. The Rock breaks.
3. Yes, the continues change in temperatures cause the rocks to brake.
4. The continuous heating and cooling of rocks break them up.

Day 4 Post Test

1. Answers may vary 1. B

2. B
2. Answers may vary
3. D
3. Answers may vary 4. B
5. C

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References:

 Wikipedia, Google search.

 https://soilsmatter.wordpress.com/2017/08/15/when-does-rock-
become-soil/

 MELCS, SCIENCE 5, Quarter 4, S5FE-IVa-1.

 https://www.youtube.com

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For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

DepEd Division of Ozamiz City

Office Address: IBJT Compound, Carangan, Ozamiz City
Telefax: (088) 545-09-88
E-mail Address: [email protected]

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