Programming languages use defined rules to express thoughts in a machine-readable format. Computer languages have more rigid rules than natural human languages. A compiler translates source code written in a high-level programming language into machine language that can be understood by computers. The compilation process involves lexical analysis, syntax analysis, and semantic analysis to check for errors and translate the source code correctly without issues.
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Programming languages use defined rules to express thoughts in a machine-readable format. Computer languages have more rigid rules than natural human languages. A compiler translates source code written in a high-level programming language into machine language that can be understood by computers. The compilation process involves lexical analysis, syntax analysis, and semantic analysis to check for errors and translate the source code correctly without issues.
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Language is a tool for expressing and PEOPLE’S LANGUAGE - NATURAL
recording human thoughts. LANGUAGE
Programming languages - a programming COMPUTER LANGUAGE -MACHINE language is defined by a certain set of rigid LANGUAGE rules, much more inflexible than any natural PORTABILITY -programs written in high- language. level language can translate to number of Lexicon – rules determine which symbols different machine languages and thus (letters, digits, punctuation marks, and so enable them to use on many different on. languages. Syntax- set of rules determines the COMPILER -specialized computer program appropriate ways of collating the symbols. COMPILATION -process of translating from SEMANTICS- Recognized the meaning of high-level language into a machine every statement expressed in the given language. language. SOURCE CODE – just text, SOURCE ERROR FREE THREE WAYS: SOURCE FILES- File which contains the - LEXICALLY source. - SYNTACTICALLY TEXT EDITOR – need to write the source - SEMANTICALLY code. Others wise program won’t run, or will be EXECUTABLE FILE -file containing your unacceptable. program translated into machine language. ERR -human a.out – output file name of compilers INSTRUCTION LIST- set of well-known designed for unix / linux system. command. Abbreviated to “IL”. .cpp to .exe -compiles design for use in MS IL - Fact an alphabet that is commonly WINDOWS can name the same name as the known as “MACHINE LANGUAGE”. source file. - simplest and the most primary language COMPILING PROCESSES TWO PHASES: we can use to give commands to our computer. - Compilation of source- in order to translate it into machine language THE OLD PROGRAMS COULD BE - JOINING (GLUING) -your executable COMPLETELY USELESS IF THE NEW code with the executable code COMPUTER USED A DIFFERENT “IL”. derives from the other developers HIGH-LEVEL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE – into a single and unified product. bridge LINKING - phase of gluing the different using namespace – must insert at the top executable codes. of each file, outside of any function. THE C++ PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE – Functions- common types of blocks used to book recommended for C++. build C++ programs. - FIRST BOOK TO DESCRIBE C++ FUNCTION ARGUMENTS – things to be put PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE. into the box. BJARNE STROUSTRUP – writer of book C++ FUNCTION RESULTS -Something to taken PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE. out of the box. 1979 – Beginning of developing C++. Main- the block that is always a function with the same name.; or the name of the A TOUR OF C++ -Reference book of C++. function. Same Author above. Integer value (int) -result of the function. JUMPING INTO C++ -book for beginners; step-step guide to becoming a C++ PROTOTYPE- SET OF INFORMATION. ITS programmer. LIKE LABEL AFFIXED TO A FUNCTION ANNOUNCING HOW YOU CAN USE THAT ALEX ALLAIN -author of jumping into C++. FUNCTION IN YOUR PROGRAM. EFFECTIVE C++ -BOOK FOR BEST PRACTICE FUNCTION BODY- interior of the function. ; TO IMPROVE PROGRAMMING.; SCOTT MEYERS (AUTHOR). it begins with the first opening bracket { PREPROCESSOR DIRECTIVE – the # at the and ends with closing bracket } beginning of the first line. << - DIGRAPH; specifies the direction in - Separate part of compiler. (pre-read which text is sent. the text of the program and make some modification in it. STRING -text in the fees.; must be enclosed
PRE - SUGGEST THAT THESE OPERATIONS in quotes (“,”).
ARE PERFORMED BEFORE THE FULL COUT << - called operator.; prints text on PROCESSING (COMPILATION) TAKES PLACE. the screen. NAMESPACE (std) – This is where all the elements of the standard C++ Infrastructure are declared. - It is an abstract container or environment created to hold a logical grouping of unique entitles. (BLOCKS). BINARY SYSTEM – system computers storing numbers and perform operation. TWO TYPES OF C++ LANGUAGE: 1. INTEGERS (int) 2. FLOATING TYPE (float) INTEGERS – those which are devoid of the fractional part. FLOATING-POINT – numbers (or simply floats), that contain (or are able to contain) the fractional part. TYPE - DETERMINES ITS KIND, RANGE AND APPLICATION. TIME MACHINE – Using single quotes as separators enhancing integer numbers readability have been introduced in C++17 – don’t be surprised if an older compiler rejects such as notation. OCTAL REPRESENTATION – if an integer number is precede