IPA18-319-G
PROCEEDINGS, INDONESIAN PETROLEUM ASSOCIATION
Forty-Second Annual Convention & Exhibition, May 2018
OUTCROPS IN NATUNA ISLAND: NEW INSIGHTS OF RESERVOIR POTENTIAL AND
SEDIMENT PROVENANCE OF THE EAST NATUNA BASIN
Vivian Bonny Indranadi*
Yulfi Indra**
Aziz Rifai*
Asep Saripudin**
Firman Kamil*
Redo Waworuntu**
ABSTRACT Formation and Ranai Granodiorite as sedimentary
source provenance. The depositional environments
Although few hydrocarbon discoveries from Tertiary of these Tertiary sediments range from fluvial to
intervals have been made in East Natuna Basin, the shallow marine environments that have good
exploration stage of this basin is still considered potential for reservoir.
immature due to its remoteness. As a consequence
there is limited available well data and geological INTRODUCTION
information to perform a comprehensive geological
and geophysical evaluation. This poster highlights The East Natuna Basin is relatively under-explored
the Tertiary reservoir potential and probable compared to West Natuna Basin; therefore this basin
sediment provenance in East Natuna based on has become one of the focuses of Medco’s
outcrop observation. Some of interesting features exploration. A preliminary regional study has been
and potential hydrocarbon plays are seen on seismic conducted to re-evaluate all petroleum system
data in offshore East Natuna. Unfortunately due to elements in the basin. However, there is limited
limited well control, those seismic features cannot be subsurface data i.e. seismic and wells to develop a
calibrated. In order to develop a reliable geological reliable subsurface geologic model in the offshore
model of the subsurface a field visit to Natuna Island East Natuna Basin. In this study, we integrate surface
was conducted mid-2017 to integrate surface and geological data and subsurface data to assess
subsurface data, assess some of key petroleum petroleum system elements such as reservoir
system elements such as reservoir presence and their presence and corresponding depositional
corresponding depositional environments, and assess environments and potential provenance for the
the potential provenance for the expected reservoir expected reservoir intervals in the subsurface that
intervals. The oldest outcrops consist of Jurassic to have not been addressed by previous studies.
Early Cretaceous ophiolite and mélange sediments of
Bunguran Formation that were intruded by Late The Geological Map of the Teluk Butun & Ranai
Cretaceous Granodiorite in Ranai and surrounding Sheet shows distribution of Pre-Tertiary rocks and
areas. This assemblage and their stratigraphic Tertiary sediment outcrops on Natuna Island (Hakim
reconstruction can be explained easily by the & Suryono, 1994). Geologically, its tectonic history
“Oceanic Plate Stratigraphy” concept. The Bunguran is related to subduction during the Pre-Tertiary
sediment outcrops tie to the interval that is resulting in the formation of mélange complexes, as
considered as economic basement on offshore found in parts of the Natuna Islands in the Natuna
seismic data which was previously interpreted as an Arch (Hamilton, 1979). Structurally, this arch
Oligocene interval. Those Pre-Tertiary intervals separates the West and East Natuna Basins, and
were overlain by basal conglomerates, stacked provides the source of sediments for the two adjacent
sandstones and interbedded siltstone and claystone. basins during the Tertiary (White & Wing, 1978;
The exposed stacked sandstones generally have good Darman et al. 2015) (Figure 1).
net to gross ratio. Under thin-section, these
FIELDWORK
sandstones are mostly classified as sub-litharenite
dominated by quartz, chert and metamorphic Fieldwork conducted on Natuna Island took place in
fragments possibly derived from the Bunguran mid-2017 with the objective of observing outcrops,
* Medco E&P Indonesia
** Medco Natuna Ltd.
making rock descriptions, taking structural offshore Natuna Island. This seismic package was
measurements, documentation, and rock sampling previously interpreted as an Oligocene interval,
for paleontology, petrography and geochemistry (Figure 4).
analysis s. Two main traverses were made during the
fieldwork: the first was to observe the Pre-Tertiary Tertiary Sediments – Examination and
rocks along the roadside from Selat Lampa to Ranai, Interpretation
and the second was to examine the Tertiary
sediments from Ranai to Teluk Butun area (Figure Stratigraphically, there are two Tertiary sediment
2). formations on Natuna Island: Oligo-Miocene of
the Pangadah Formation and Mio-Pliocene of the
Pre-Tertiary Rocks – Observation and Raharjapura Formation (Hakim & Suryono, 1994).
Interpretation These sediments can be observed along the
roadside of the Ranai to Teluk Butun traverse
The Selat Lampa to Ranai traverse is the best section through Pengadah area which is the type location
to observe the Pre-Tertiary rock assemblages on of the Pengadah Formation (Stop-2.4 to Stop-2.7).
Natuna Island. Sequentially from older to younger This formation, which is equivalent to the Arang
sections are: Jurassic to Early Cretaceous ophiolite Formation in the West Natuna Basin, consists of
rocks (Stop-1.1), strongly folded deep marine pelagic conglomerates, stacked sandstones and siltstones,
cherts (Stop-1.2), interbedded hemi pelagic siltstone carbonaceous intercalations and streaks. Observed
and tuff (Stop-1.3), basalt (Stop-1.4), hemi pelagic sedimentary structures include flaser lamination to
sediments (Stop-1.6 and 1.7), sandstone blocks hummocky cross bedding. Structurally, the
within a scaly-clay matrix (olistostromes?) (Stop- Pengadah Formation at this locality is mostly
1.8) of the Bunguran Formation which were intruded dipping to the NW and SW based on the few strike
by Late Cretaceous Granodiorite rock in the Mount and dip measurements taken in the field. The
Ranai area (Stop-1.5, 1.9 and 2.1) which has an age difficulty of finding reliable strike and dip
dating of 73 Ma (Zvi Ben-Avraham, 1973 in Darman measurement in the outcrops is due to minimal
et al, 2015) and 71.56±0.32 Ma (Hakim & Suryono, shale interbeds between the sandstones (high
1994). energy environment) as well as the relatively
gently dipping beds. In addition, the topographic
Those Pre-Tertiary rocks are indicative of oceanic to
slope in Tanjung Datuk Hills indicates dipping to
subduction rock assemblages (mélange complex) in
the NW and Kelanga Hills in Pengadah area
which their reconstruction can easily be explained by
dipping to the SW (Figure 5).
the “Oceanic Plate Stratigraphy” (OPS) concept, a
stratigraphic formation from mid-oceanic ridge to
Raharjapura Formation is comprised of younger
subduction zone. Oceanic rocks move left from the
Tertiary sediments that are well-exposed in the
Mid-Oceanic Ridge (MOR) and were initially
Teluk Butun area (Stop-2.8 and 2.9). This
covered by deep-marine bedded chert. Laterally,
formation is equivalent to the Muda Formation in
away from the MOR, a seamount with Ocean Island
the offshore Natuna Basin and is predominated by
Basalts (OIB) was created when passes over a
sandstones and siltstones, spotty carbonaceous
hotspot plume. Laterally further toward the trench,
exposures and streaks with cross lamination and
these were covered by thicker deep marine pelagic
vertical burrow sedimentary structures.
cherts and hemipelagic sediments (mudstone,
Structurally, there are no obvious reliable strike-
siltstone, and shale). In the trench the sediments may
dip structures and it is likely to be an initial
gravitationally slide down to form olistostromes.
depositional dip (Figure 6).
Subsequently, the duplex structures of OPS bearing
accretionary complexes were formed near the
subduction zone by orogeny of subduction polarity Both, Pengadah and Raharjapura Formations in
(Maruyama et al. 2010) (Figure 3). Natuna Island generally have high net to gross
ratios. In hin-sections, these sandstones are mostly
The Bunguran Formation and Ranai Granodiorite are classified as sub-litharenite dominated by quartz,
interpreted as economic basement in the Natuna chert and metamorphic fragments possibly derived
Basin. On the composite section between surface from Bunguran Formation and Ranai Granodiorite
outcrops and seismic data, the remnant of Bunguran as sedimentary source provenance. The
Formation at the surface ties nicely with depositional environments of these Tertiary
northeasterly dipping seismic reflection packages sediments range from fluvial to shallow marine
obviously truncated by Tertiary sediments in eastern environments that have good reservoir potential.
CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGE MENTS
Based on field observations and petrographic The authors would like to thank Medco E&P
analysis new information related to reservoir Indonesia and Medco E&P Natuna management and
potential and sediment provenance of the East MIGAS for their kind permission to publish this
Natuna Basin can be inferred from the Pre-Tertiary paper.
rocks and Tertiary sediment outcrops in Natuna
REFERENCES
Island,
Darman, H., Murti, N. & Minarwan, 2015, The
Pre-Tertiary rocks of the Bunguran Formation Geology of Indonesia/Natuna,
and Ranai Granodiorite are representative of https://en.wikibooks.org
basement rocks of Natuna Basins comprising
oceanic to subduction rock assemblages Hakim, A.S., and Suryono, N., 1994, Geological
(mélange complex) that serve as local source Map of the Teluk Butun & Ranai Sheet, Sumatera,
sediment provenance in areas surrounding the Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Geologi.
Natuna Island area during Tertiary.
Hamilton, W., 1979, Tectonics of the Indonesian
Tertiary sediments of Pengadah and Region, Geol. SUN. Prof. Paper 1078, U.S. Gov.
Raharjapura Formations present good Printing Office, Washington.
reservoir rock properties in surrounding basin
Maruyama, S., Kawai, T., and Windley, B.F., 2010,
areas and are likely to be laterally continuous
Ocean plate stratigraphy and its imbrication in an
to offshore East Natuna Basin.
accretionary orogen: the Mona Complex, Anglesey–
Lleyn, Wales, UK. The Geological Society of
Integrated surface outcrop studies and seismic London.
data interpretation have provided a better
understanding of the regional geology of White, J.M. Jr., R.S. Wing, 1978. Structural
Natuna Island and the surrounding area. This Development of the S China Sea with Particular
can be followed up by creating a Gross Reference to Indonesia, Proceedings Indonesia
Depositional Environment (GDE) map Petroleum Association 7th Annual Convention, 159-
regarding potential reservoirs in offshore East 172.
Natuna Basin.
Figure 1 – Structural elements of the Natuna Basins. The Natuna Arch that separates the West and East
Natuna Basins is comprised Pre-Tertiary rocks and was the local source sediment provenance for
the two adjacent basins during Tertiary (Darman et al, 2015).
Figure 2 – Geological map and stratigraphy of the Teluk Butun & Ranai Sheet, Natuna Island, Sumatera containing information of Pre-Tertiary rocks and Tertiary
sediments outcrops distribution and showing two main traverses and stop locations (modified from Hakim & Suryono, 1994).
Figure 3 – Pre-Tertiary rock assemblages in Natuna Island are comprised basalt (Stop-1.4), strongly folded deep marine pelagic cherts (Stop-1.2), interbedded
hemi pelagic siltstone and tuff (Stop-1.3), basalt (Stop-1.4), hemi pelagic sediments (Stop-1.6, and -1.7), and sandstones blocks within scaly-clay
matrix (olistostromes?) (Stop-1.8) of Bunguran Formation, and Granodiorite rock in the Alif Stone Park (Stop-2.1), reconstructed on the “Oceanic
Plate Stratigraphy” model.
Figure 4 – Composite section between surface outcrops and seismic data showing the remnant of Bunguran Formation in the surface tie nicely with northeasterly
dipping seismic reflection package obviously truncated by Tertiary sediments in the eastern offshore of Natuna Island which was previously interpreted
as Oligocene interval.
Figure 5 – Oligo-Miocene Pengadah Formation outcrops observed along the roadside to Teluk Butun through Pengadah area, consisting of conglomerates, stacked
sandstones and siltstones, carbonaceous intercalations and streaks with flaser lamination to hummocky cross bedding sedimentary structures, and
structurally dipping to the NE and SW. These sandstones classified as sub-litharenite, dominated by quartz, chert and metamorphic fragments.
Figure 6 – Mio-Pliocene Raharjapura Formation outcrops well-exposed in Teluk Butun area, predominated by sandstones and siltstones, carbonaceous spotty
carbonaceous exposures and streaks with cross lamination and vertical burrow sedimentary structures, no obvious reliable strike-dip structure and
likely an initial dip depositional. These sandstones classified as sub-litharenite, dominated by quartz, chert and metamorphic fragments.
