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HOA 3 Summary

Nepal has steep mountainous terrain including Mount Everest and is sparsely populated except for the Nepal Valley region. Notable architectural styles in Nepal include Stupas, Pagodas, and Shikharas which make prominent use of wood, brick, carving and other ornate designs. Tibet is located high in the Himalayas where most people live in southern agricultural and pastoral areas centered around monastic settlements, and Tibetan architecture prominently features multi-tiered Stupas and elaborate monastery complexes that incorporate local materials and Buddhist symbolism.

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461 views1 page

HOA 3 Summary

Nepal has steep mountainous terrain including Mount Everest and is sparsely populated except for the Nepal Valley region. Notable architectural styles in Nepal include Stupas, Pagodas, and Shikharas which make prominent use of wood, brick, carving and other ornate designs. Tibet is located high in the Himalayas where most people live in southern agricultural and pastoral areas centered around monastic settlements, and Tibetan architecture prominently features multi-tiered Stupas and elaborate monastery complexes that incorporate local materials and Buddhist symbolism.

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Nelscy Avancena
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HOA 3 - NEPAL & TIBET

NEPAL
GEOGRAPHICAL
- Largely comprised of steep mountains, including Mount Everest, and is sparsely populated, with the exception of a small region in
the middle called the Nepal valley.
- Nepal spans the Himalayas in the shape of an irregular parallelogram that is about 720 km long and 240 km wide.
- The Katmandu, Patan, and Bhatgaon are three of its former capitals.
ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER
- It inherited an architectural legacy that is characterized by stupas, temples, scenic townships, intricate native handicrafts , The
"Sikhara and pagoda" lastly the monumental "pillar", which usually supports a metal superstructure.
- Secular architecture is primarily made of wood, but it also uses metal adornment and brick for structural purposes. Such a floor is
supported by intricately carved and occasionally painted brackets and struts. For protection from the rain, the windows have
delicate lattice screens, and the roof has red curving tiles, metal gutters, and a projecting cornice. Each detail is intricately
embellished with carving, embossing, tinkling bells, and hanging lamps.
NEPAL ARCHITECTURAL: PROMINENT STYLES
The Stupa Style - Originating in ancient India, stupas are Buddhist in their concept and execution, designed as a tomb-like structure
to house sacred relics.
The Pagoda Style - The pagoda features prominently in Nepalese temples, with multi-roofed structures and wide eaves which are
supported by beautifully carved wooden struts. The roof is often topped by triangular spires which enclose an inverted bell, while
projecting windows are either latticed or grilled.
The Shikhara Style – a tall curvilinear or pyramidal tower. It translates from Sanskrit as “mountain peak” and usually exhibits a highly
ornate exterior. Shikhara were designed over the sanctum sanctorum where the presiding deities were enshrined and topped by a
bell-shaped “alasha”, or sacred brass receptacle.
The Newa Architecture - It is marked by impressive brickwork and wooden carvings. Traditional Newari houses were generally
three-storied, with pitched roofs and a small courtyard or chowk.

TIBET
GEOGRAPHICAL
- Tibet, located in the heart of the Himalayas, is the world's highest country. 
- The majority of the population lives in the south, where sheep, yaks, and other livestock can be grazed and some agriculture is
possible. These places are typically centered on monastic settlements.
HISTORICAL & SOCIAL - Tibetan kings promoted Buddhism, and Tibet's cultural history has been an accurate representation of the
growth of the religion. Monasteries increased and received great privilege, which finally resulted in a theocratic form of governance
in which the chief abbot (the Grand or Dalai Lama) was appointed ruler of Tibet.
ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER - The stupas, monastery complex, and decorative crafts all display architectural brilliance. The typical
stupa (Chorten) form includes a small bulbous dome on a multi-tiered plinth and, like the Nepalese type, a square harmika with a
most supporting a Chattra (umbrella) surmounted by a Flame Finial.
Plinth – the lowest square member of the base of a column, also applied to the projecting stepped or molded base of any building.
Finial – the upper portion of a pinnacle, bench end or other architectural feature.
Fresco – the term originally applied to a painting on a wall while the plaster is wet, but is often used for any wall painting not in oil
colors.
FEATURES OF TIBETAN ARCHITECTURE - Tibetan architecture is influenced by the geography and climate of Tibet plateau, Tibetan
culture and Buddhism, and traditional architectural styles of surrounding regions, like India, Mongol, Nepal, and mainland China
(Tang Dynasty).
Special Construction Materials of Tibetan Architectures - Tibetan houses are usually made out of a mixture of rocks, wood, cement,
and earth for Tibet are very rich in these materials. And it is easy to distinguish from the exterior.
Specific Colors of Tibetan Architectures - Red, white, and black are the predominant colors in Tibetan architecture. All three colors
are derived from the local soil and are purely natural pigments. These three colors also represent the three spirits that in Heaven, on
the earth, and below the ground. In Tibetan Buddhism, yellow is the color of the Gelugpa school and in Buddhism, it is the symbol of
Manjushri Bodhisattva.
The Special Roof of Tibetan Architecture - The roof of Tibetan houses is flat, it also built to conserve heat as little fuel is available for
heat or lighting in Tibet. Religious buildings in Tibet have sloping golden roofs, a symbol of respect and political and religious power
in Tibet.
The Featured Window Treatments in Tibetan Architecture
Windows of Tibetan houses are generally small. A major feature of Tibetan architecture is the decoration of the windows , despite
their small size, Tibetan-style windows are framed in black, which is called ‘Baka’ in Tibetan.
The Decoration of Tibetan Architecture
- Carved and decorated with religious motifs and paintings on their pillars and balustrades.
- Some Tibetan religious buildings also have decorations that are partially imitated from Han Chinese architecture, such as wood
carvings, fighting arches, and eaves. These are often found in palaces and monasteries.
- Red, blue, and white striped curtains are hung under the eaves of doors and windows, and the roofs are slightly raised at the
corners with prayer flags hanging on them This is the most common and eye-catching decoration of Tibetan houses.

Reporter: AVANCEÑA, GONZALES, & MOZO

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