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CAT Sample Paper 2021

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Verbal and Reading Comprehension (RC)

Data Interpretation (DI) and Logical Reasoning (LR)

Quantitative Aptitude
Verbal and RC
Q. 1 Directions for questions :  The following passage consists of a set of six questions. Read the
passage and answer the questions that follow.

The principle of Darwinian evolution now is not just an explanatory theory, but also a debunker
of theism. As such, it has been elevated to a status of unquestionable truth to the extent that
biologists who may have doubts on its fireproof status would not admit so in public in case they
become pariahs in their community. The other downside of holding such an absolutist position
is that any proposal that may hint at other mechanisms that do not comfortably fit with the
orthodox beliefs are dismissed outright as they may imply some universal intelligence or
teleological plan that smack of a heavenly planner. Its most enthusiastic adherents assert that

0
the theory of evolution has no room for other mechanisms hence no other possibilities are
conceivable or indeed allowable. This in spite of the fact that an unresolved residue is always

36
present in science even after the most successful application of reductionist principles with the
corollary that all theories should be taken to be provisional and incomplete. In my view, this
unscientific attitude burdens the Darwinian theory of evolution with a weight it just cannot
carry.

S
There is no doubt that the theory of evolution is handsomely supported by the fossil records
and has considerable explanatory powers. However there are two areas where I find the
R
current version of evolution theory unconvincing. The first is the assertion that evolution is the
sole mechanism that drives matter towards biological development. The second is its incapacity
E
to explain the emergence of mentality.

Physicists tell us that following the big bang the only element in existence was hydrogen, the
E

simplest in the periodic table. It was from these humble beginnings that the remaining ninety
odd increasingly complex elements and their vastly more numerous and complex combinations
R

were gradually synthesised as eons passed. This points to the existence of a natural law which is
embedded in the nature of atomic physics and provides the potential of "evolution" of more
complex elements from simpler ones. One could argue that it is this law of striving complexity
A

that drove matter towards the emergence of increasingly complex molecules out of the basic
elements followed by the emergence of the building blocks necessary for the appearance of a
C

first self-replicating entity.

The second difficulty I have is related to the spontaneous appearance of information carrying
replicating systems and ultimately of what one may call mentality. At the pre-biotic stage of
evolution, Darwinian competition cannot, by definition, assist the evolution process. Natural
selection requires that primitive life is already there for the process to begin. The assumption is
therefore made that "mindless and blind" unguided processes have spontaneously resulted in a
self-replicating entity that encodes information, the precursor of the information carrying DNA.
This process has been described by some as "evolution of the gaps" to rhyme with "God of the
gaps." Self replicating systems encode information and therefore exhibit a quality that
transcends inert mater. It is at this stage that another explanation may help. Since ancient times
there have been philosophers, scientist and particularly mystics who held that matter and
mentality are inextricably mixed. I have the incontrovertible direct experience that my mind is
 capable of directing the motion of my limbs, i.e. to control god-like "the motion of the atoms,"
as Erwin Schrodinger observed. And I know that a drug can affect the state of my mind. This
complementary leverage of mind-over-matter and matter-over-mind is an extraordinary fact.
The phenomenon of mentality, highly developed as consciousness in man, is also apparent in
primates and in diminishing degree as one travels down the evolutionary tree of the animal
kingdom. In high dilution it manifests itself in primitive organisms and the plant kingdom. A
bacterium can be said to possess a faint glimmer of mentality expressed in its ability to react
intelligently to the environment. As the gradation of mentality is continuous I can see no
justification in stopping its diminution with a discontinuity when prions or ultimately "inorganic
matter" is reached. One can postulate that information paths, such as those provided by nerve
and synaptic systems, are capable of amplifying mentality and enhancing the richness of
experience as they become more complex. The idea that mentality is just a step-wise
epiphenomenon of complexity, usually illustrated by the hypothetical example of a computer

0
which, if made large enough, will spontaneously show signs of mentality or consciousness is
unproven and in my view absurd.

36
According to the passage, which of the following can be inferred about "the evolution of
the gaps"?

Option 1:
S
It is the rational and scientific counterpart of the concept of "God of the gaps."
R
Option 2:
E
It is an unscientific explanation which scientists use to hide any scientific loopholes in a theory.

Option 3:
E

It is the proof that the Darwinian theory of competition can't be utilized to understand the process of
evolution.
R

Option 4:
It is insufficient to provide an explanation for the missing link in the process of evolution.
A

Correct Answer:
C

It is insufficient to provide an explanation for the missing link in the process of evolution.

Solution:
Refer to the lines, "The assumption is therefore made that "mindless and blind" unguided processes have
spontaneously resulted in a self-replicating entity that encodes information, the precursor of the information
carrying DNA. This process has been described by some as "evolution of the gaps" to rhyme with "God of the
gaps."... It is at this stage that another explanation may
help."                                                                                                                    So, the author clearly states that this
evolution of the gaps is not enough. We need another theory.

Words like "mindless and blind" suggest that the author's tone is not positive. The other options are either
extreme or unsupported by the passage.
Q. 2 Directions for questions : The following passage consists of a set of six questions. Read the
passage and answer the questions that follow.

The principle of Darwinian evolution now is not just an explanatory theory, but also a debunker
of theism. As such, it has been elevated to a status of unquestionable truth to the extent that
biologists who may have doubts on its fireproof status would not admit so in public in case they
become pariahs in their community. The other downside of holding such an absolutist position
is that any proposal that may hint at other mechanisms that do not comfortably fit with the
orthodox beliefs are dismissed outright as they may imply some universal intelligence or
teleological plan that smack of a heavenly planner. Its most enthusiastic adherents assert that
the theory of evolution has no room for other mechanisms hence no other possibilities are
conceivable or indeed allowable. This in spite of the fact that an unresolved residue is always
present in science even after the most successful application of reductionist principles with the

0
corollary that all theories should be taken to be provisional and incomplete. In my view, this
unscientific attitude burdens the Darwinian theory of evolution with a weight it just cannot

36
carry.

There is no doubt that the theory of evolution is handsomely supported by the fossil records
and has considerable explanatory powers. However there are two areas where I find the
current version of evolution theory unconvincing. The first is the assertion that evolution is the

S
sole mechanism that drives matter towards biological development. The second is its incapacity
to explain the emergence of mentality.
R
Physicists tell us that following the big bang the only element in existence was hydrogen, the
simplest in the periodic table. It was from these humble beginnings that the remaining ninety
E
odd increasingly complex elements and their vastly more numerous and complex combinations
were gradually synthesised as eons passed. This points to the existence of a natural law which is
E

embedded in the nature of atomic physics and provides the potential of "evolution" of more
complex elements from simpler ones. One could argue that it is this law of striving complexity
R

that drove matter towards the emergence of increasingly complex molecules out of the basic
elements followed by the emergence of the building blocks necessary for the appearance of a
first self-replicating entity.
A

The second difficulty I have is related to the spontaneous appearance of information carrying
replicating systems and ultimately of what one may call mentality. At the pre-biotic stage of
C

evolution, Darwinian competition cannot, by definition, assist the evolution process. Natural
selection requires that primitive life is already there for the process to begin. The assumption is
therefore made that "mindless and blind" unguided processes have spontaneously resulted in a
self-replicating entity that encodes information, the precursor of the information carrying DNA.
This process has been described by some as "evolution of the gaps" to rhyme with "God of the
gaps." Self replicating systems encode information and therefore exhibit a quality that
transcends inert mater. It is at this stage that another explanation may help. Since ancient times
there have been philosophers, scientist and particularly mystics who held that matter and
mentality are inextricably mixed. I have the incontrovertible direct experience that my mind is
capable of directing the motion of my limbs, i.e. to control god-like "the motion of the atoms,"
as Erwin Schrodinger observed. And I know that a drug can affect the state of my mind. This
complementary leverage of mind-over-matter and matter-over-mind is an extraordinary fact.
 The phenomenon of mentality, highly developed as consciousness in man, is also apparent in
primates and in diminishing degree as one travels down the evolutionary tree of the animal
kingdom. In high dilution it manifests itself in primitive organisms and the plant kingdom. A
bacterium can be said to possess a faint glimmer of mentality expressed in its ability to react
intelligently to the environment. As the gradation of mentality is continuous I can see no
justification in stopping its diminution with a discontinuity when prions or ultimately "inorganic
matter" is reached. One can postulate that information paths, such as those provided by nerve
and synaptic systems, are capable of amplifying mentality and enhancing the richness of
experience as they become more complex. The idea that mentality is just a step-wise
epiphenomenon of complexity, usually illustrated by the hypothetical example of a computer
which, if made large enough, will spontaneously show signs of mentality or consciousness is
unproven and in my view absurd.

0
According to the passage, the existence of a natural law:                     

36
Option 1:
Makes it difficult for the author to accept the findings of Darwin.

Option 2:

S
Proves that the findings of Darwin are not practically applicable.
R
Option 3:
Adds to the author's dilemma in accepting the theory of evolution.
E
Option 4:
Was the main reason of the evolution of complex elements from humble beginnings.
E

Correct Answer:
R

Adds to the author's dilemma in accepting the theory of evolution.

Solution:
A

Refer to the line "The first is the assertion that evolution is the sole mechanism that drives matter towards
biological development." So, the author has a problem with this belief and not with the existence of a natural
C

law. In fact, the possibility of the existence of a natural law strengthens the author's scepticism about
evolution being the sole mechanism as this law would have played a vital role in the process too. Hence,
option 3 is a better answer than option 1.

Q. 3 Directions for questions : The following passage consists of a set of six questions. Read the
passage and answer the questions that follow.

The principle of Darwinian evolution now is not just an explanatory theory, but also a debunker
of theism. As such, it has been elevated to a status of unquestionable truth to the extent that
biologists who may have doubts on its fireproof status would not admit so in public in case they
become pariahs in their community. The other downside of holding such an absolutist position
is that any proposal that may hint at other mechanisms that do not comfortably fit with the
orthodox beliefs are dismissed outright as they may imply some universal intelligence or
teleological plan that smack of a heavenly planner. Its most enthusiastic adherents assert that
the theory of evolution has no room for other mechanisms hence no other possibilities are
conceivable or indeed allowable. This in spite of the fact that an unresolved residue is always
present in science even after the most successful application of reductionist principles with the
corollary that all theories should be taken to be provisional and incomplete. In my view, this
unscientific attitude burdens the Darwinian theory of evolution with a weight it just cannot
carry.

There is no doubt that the theory of evolution is handsomely supported by the fossil records
and has considerable explanatory powers. However there are two areas where I find the
current version of evolution theory unconvincing. The first is the assertion that evolution is the
sole mechanism that drives matter towards biological development. The second is its incapacity

0
to explain the emergence of mentality.

Physicists tell us that following the big bang the only element in existence was hydrogen, the

36
simplest in the periodic table. It was from these humble beginnings that the remaining ninety
odd increasingly complex elements and their vastly more numerous and complex combinations
were gradually synthesised as eons passed. This points to the existence of a natural law which is
embedded in the nature of atomic physics and provides the potential of "evolution" of more

S
complex elements from simpler ones. One could argue that it is this law of striving complexity
that drove matter towards the emergence of increasingly complex molecules out of the basic
R
elements followed by the emergence of the building blocks necessary for the appearance of a
first self-replicating entity.
E
The second difficulty I have is related to the spontaneous appearance of information carrying
replicating systems and ultimately of what one may call mentality. At the pre-biotic stage of
E

evolution, Darwinian competition cannot, by definition, assist the evolution process. Natural
selection requires that primitive life is already there for the process to begin. The assumption is
therefore made that "mindless and blind" unguided processes have spontaneously resulted in a
R

self-replicating entity that encodes information, the precursor of the information carrying DNA.
This process has been described by some as "evolution of the gaps" to rhyme with "God of the
A

gaps." Self replicating systems encode information and therefore exhibit a quality that
transcends inert mater. It is at this stage that another explanation may help. Since ancient times
there have been philosophers, scientist and particularly mystics who held that matter and
C

mentality are inextricably mixed. I have the incontrovertible direct experience that my mind is
capable of directing the motion of my limbs, i.e. to control god-like "the motion of the atoms,"
as Erwin Schrodinger observed. And I know that a drug can affect the state of my mind. This
complementary leverage of mind-over-matter and matter-over-mind is an extraordinary fact.
The phenomenon of mentality, highly developed as consciousness in man, is also apparent in
primates and in diminishing degree as one travels down the evolutionary tree of the animal
kingdom. In high dilution it manifests itself in primitive organisms and the plant kingdom. A
bacterium can be said to possess a faint glimmer of mentality expressed in its ability to react
intelligently to the environment. As the gradation of mentality is continuous I can see no
justification in stopping its diminution with a discontinuity when prions or ultimately "inorganic
matter" is reached. One can postulate that information paths, such as those provided by nerve
and synaptic systems, are capable of amplifying mentality and enhancing the richness of
 experience as they become more complex. The idea that mentality is just a step-wise
epiphenomenon of complexity, usually illustrated by the hypothetical example of a computer
which, if made large enough, will spontaneously show signs of mentality or consciousness is
unproven and in my view absurd.

According to the passage, which of the following is not a reason for the author to find the
current version of evolution theory unconvincing?

Option 1:
The existence of fossil records

Option 2:

0
The presumption of the absence of mentality in simple matter

36
Option 3:
The elevated status of the principle of Darwinian evolution

Option 4:
The possible existence of a natural law

Correct Answer: S
R
The existence of fossil records
E
Solution:
Refer to the first line of the second paragraph. The author mentions fossil records as a reason to support the
theory. Hence, this is the correct answer.
E

Q. 4 Directions for questions : The following passage consists of a set of six questions. Read the
R

passage and answer the questions that follow.

The principle of Darwinian evolution now is not just an explanatory theory, but also a debunker
A

of theism. As such, it has been elevated to a status of unquestionable truth to the extent that
biologists who may have doubts on its fireproof status would not admit so in public in case they
C

become pariahs in their community. The other downside of holding such an absolutist position
is that any proposal that may hint at other mechanisms that do not comfortably fit with the
orthodox beliefs are dismissed outright as they may imply some universal intelligence or
teleological plan that smack of a heavenly planner. Its most enthusiastic adherents assert that
the theory of evolution has no room for other mechanisms hence no other possibilities are
conceivable or indeed allowable. This in spite of the fact that an unresolved residue is always
present in science even after the most successful application of reductionist principles with the
corollary that all theories should be taken to be provisional and incomplete. In my view, this
unscientific attitude burdens the Darwinian theory of evolution with a weight it just cannot
carry.
There is no doubt that the theory of evolution is handsomely supported by the fossil records
and has considerable explanatory powers. However there are two areas where I find the
current version of evolution theory unconvincing. The first is the assertion that evolution is the
sole mechanism that drives matter towards biological development. The second is its incapacity
to explain the emergence of mentality.

Physicists tell us that following the big bang the only element in existence was hydrogen, the
simplest in the periodic table. It was from these humble beginnings that the remaining ninety
odd increasingly complex elements and their vastly more numerous and complex combinations
were gradually synthesised as eons passed. This points to the existence of a natural law which is
embedded in the nature of atomic physics and provides the potential of "evolution" of more
complex elements from simpler ones. One could argue that it is this law of striving complexity
that drove matter towards the emergence of increasingly complex molecules out of the basic

0
elements followed by the emergence of the building blocks necessary for the appearance of a
first self-replicating entity.

36
The second difficulty I have is related to the spontaneous appearance of information carrying
replicating systems and ultimately of what one may call mentality. At the pre-biotic stage of
evolution, Darwinian competition cannot, by definition, assist the evolution process. Natural
selection requires that primitive life is already there for the process to begin. The assumption is

S
therefore made that "mindless and blind" unguided processes have spontaneously resulted in a
self-replicating entity that encodes information, the precursor of the information carrying DNA.
R
This process has been described by some as "evolution of the gaps" to rhyme with "God of the
gaps." Self replicating systems encode information and therefore exhibit a quality that
transcends inert mater. It is at this stage that another explanation may help. Since ancient times
E
there have been philosophers, scientist and particularly mystics who held that matter and
mentality are inextricably mixed. I have the incontrovertible direct experience that my mind is
E

capable of directing the motion of my limbs, i.e. to control god-like "the motion of the atoms,"
as Erwin Schrodinger observed. And I know that a drug can affect the state of my mind. This
complementary leverage of mind-over-matter and matter-over-mind is an extraordinary fact.
R

The phenomenon of mentality, highly developed as consciousness in man, is also apparent in

primates and in diminishing degree as one travels down the evolutionary tree of the animal
A

kingdom. In high dilution it manifests itself in primitive organisms and the plant kingdom. A
bacterium can be said to possess a faint glimmer of mentality expressed in its ability to react
intelligently to the environment. As the gradation of mentality is continuous I can see no
C

justification in stopping its diminution with a discontinuity when prions or ultimately "inorganic
matter" is reached. One can postulate that information paths, such as those provided by nerve
and synaptic systems, are capable of amplifying mentality and enhancing the richness of
experience as they become more complex. The idea that mentality is just a step-wise
epiphenomenon of complexity, usually illustrated by the hypothetical example of a computer
which, if made large enough, will spontaneously show signs of mentality or consciousness is
unproven and in my view absurd.

In the context of this passage, which of the following is the best example of an
"unscientific attitude"?
 Option 1:
An renowned critic refusing to accept that he was wrong in his evaluation of a movie

Option 2:
A renowned batsman refusing to follow the suggestion of the new coach regarding his batting technique

Option 3:
A scholar of Theology rejecting the findings of an eminent but atheist scientist

Option 4:
A group of researchers refusing to consider data presented by a new scholar

Correct Answer:

0
A group of researchers refusing to consider data presented by a new scholar

36
Solution:
Refer to the second half of the first paragraph. The line "Its most enthusiastic adherents assert that the
theory of evolution has no room for other mechanisms ... with the corollary that all theories should be taken
to be provisional and incomplete...this unscientific attitude burdens the Darwinian..." So, according to the
author, refusal to consider any new possibility is unscientific.

S
 Option 1 - The movie critic might be right in refusing to accept any wrong judgement. The option is vague
R
regarding the validity of the accusation.

 Option 2 - The batsman might be right in his stance. The coach might be wrong.
E

 Option 3 - The scholar of Theology might be right in not accepting the findings. The scientist might not have
E

done a good research work.

 Option 4 - This is correct. Refusing to even consider any data is unscientific. The researcher may reject it
R

after evaluation. But not considering it in the first place is, as per the passage, unscientific.
A

Q. 5 Directions for questions : The following passage consists of a set of six questions. Read the
passage and answer the questions that follow.
C

The principle of Darwinian evolution now is not just an explanatory theory, but also a debunker
of theism. As such, it has been elevated to a status of unquestionable truth to the extent that
biologists who may have doubts on its fireproof status would not admit so in public in case they
become pariahs in their community. The other downside of holding such an absolutist position
is that any proposal that may hint at other mechanisms that do not comfortably fit with the
orthodox beliefs are dismissed outright as they may imply some universal intelligence or
teleological plan that smack of a heavenly planner. Its most enthusiastic adherents assert that
the theory of evolution has no room for other mechanisms hence no other possibilities are
conceivable or indeed allowable. This in spite of the fact that an unresolved residue is always
present in science even after the most successful application of reductionist principles with the
corollary that all theories should be taken to be provisional and incomplete. In my view, this
unscientific attitude burdens the Darwinian theory of evolution with a weight it just cannot
carry.

There is no doubt that the theory of evolution is handsomely supported by the fossil records
and has considerable explanatory powers. However there are two areas where I find the
current version of evolution theory unconvincing. The first is the assertion that evolution is the
sole mechanism that drives matter towards biological development. The second is its incapacity
to explain the emergence of mentality.

Physicists tell us that following the big bang the only element in existence was hydrogen, the
simplest in the periodic table. It was from these humble beginnings that the remaining ninety
odd increasingly complex elements and their vastly more numerous and complex combinations
were gradually synthesised as eons passed. This points to the existence of a natural law which is

0
embedded in the nature of atomic physics and provides the potential of "evolution" of more
complex elements from simpler ones. One could argue that it is this law of striving complexity

36
that drove matter towards the emergence of increasingly complex molecules out of the basic
elements followed by the emergence of the building blocks necessary for the appearance of a
first self-replicating entity.

S
The second difficulty I have is related to the spontaneous appearance of information carrying
replicating systems and ultimately of what one may call mentality. At the pre-biotic stage of
evolution, Darwinian competition cannot, by definition, assist the evolution process. Natural
R
selection requires that primitive life is already there for the process to begin. The assumption is
therefore made that "mindless and blind" unguided processes have spontaneously resulted in a
E
self-replicating entity that encodes information, the precursor of the information carrying DNA.
This process has been described by some as "evolution of the gaps" to rhyme with "God of the
E

gaps." Self replicating systems encode information and therefore exhibit a quality that
transcends inert mater. It is at this stage that another explanation may help. Since ancient times
there have been philosophers, scientist and particularly mystics who held that matter and
R

mentality are inextricably mixed. I have the incontrovertible direct experience that my mind is
capable of directing the motion of my limbs, i.e. to control god-like "the motion of the atoms,"
A

as Erwin Schrodinger observed. And I know that a drug can affect the state of my mind. This
complementary leverage of mind-over-matter and matter-over-mind is an extraordinary fact.
The phenomenon of mentality, highly developed as consciousness in man, is also apparent in
C

primates and in diminishing degree as one travels down the evolutionary tree of the animal
kingdom. In high dilution it manifests itself in primitive organisms and the plant kingdom. A
bacterium can be said to possess a faint glimmer of mentality expressed in its ability to react
intelligently to the environment. As the gradation of mentality is continuous I can see no
justification in stopping its diminution with a discontinuity when prions or ultimately "inorganic
matter" is reached. One can postulate that information paths, such as those provided by nerve
and synaptic systems, are capable of amplifying mentality and enhancing the richness of
experience as they become more complex. The idea that mentality is just a step-wise
epiphenomenon of complexity, usually illustrated by the hypothetical example of a computer
which, if made large enough, will spontaneously show signs of mentality or consciousness is
unproven and in my view absurd.
 Why does the author write the line "This complementary leverage of mind-over-matter
and matter-over-mind is an extraordinary fact"?

Option 1:
To marvel at the inherent complexity and incomprehensibility of the process of evolution

Option 2:
To highlight a loophole in the current theory of evolution accepted by many

Option 3:
To drive home the point that the Darwinian theory of evolution cannot explain the emergence of
mentality

0
Option 4:

36
To question the spontaneous appearance of mentality in the evolution process

Correct Answer:
To highlight a loophole in the current theory of evolution accepted by many

Solution:
S
Options 1 and 4 are too generic. The author is not questioning the entire process of evolution.
R
Option 3 is irrelevant as the line in question is mentioned in a different context.     
E
Option 2 is the correct answer as the author writes this line to start a process of discussion.
E

Q. 6 Directions for questions : The following passage consists of a set of six questions. Read the
passage and answer the questions that follow.
R

The principle of Darwinian evolution now is not just an explanatory theory, but also a debunker
of theism. As such, it has been elevated to a status of unquestionable truth to the extent that
A

biologists who may have doubts on its fireproof status would not admit so in public in case they
become pariahs in their community. The other downside of holding such an absolutist position
C

is that any proposal that may hint at other mechanisms that do not comfortably fit with the
orthodox beliefs are dismissed outright as they may imply some universal intelligence or
teleological plan that smack of a heavenly planner. Its most enthusiastic adherents assert that
the theory of evolution has no room for other mechanisms hence no other possibilities are
conceivable or indeed allowable. This in spite of the fact that an unresolved residue is always
present in science even after the most successful application of reductionist principles with the
corollary that all theories should be taken to be provisional and incomplete. In my view, this
unscientific attitude burdens the Darwinian theory of evolution with a weight it just cannot
carry.

There is no doubt that the theory of evolution is handsomely supported by the fossil records
and has considerable explanatory powers. However there are two areas where I find the
current version of evolution theory unconvincing. The first is the assertion that evolution is the
 sole mechanism that drives matter towards biological development. The second is its incapacity
to explain the emergence of mentality.

Physicists tell us that following the big bang the only element in existence was hydrogen, the
simplest in the periodic table. It was from these humble beginnings that the remaining ninety
odd increasingly complex elements and their vastly more numerous and complex combinations
were gradually synthesised as eons passed. This points to the existence of a natural law which is
embedded in the nature of atomic physics and provides the potential of "evolution" of more
complex elements from simpler ones. One could argue that it is this law of striving complexity
that drove matter towards the emergence of increasingly complex molecules out of the basic
elements followed by the emergence of the building blocks necessary for the appearance of a
first self-replicating entity.

The second difficulty I have is related to the spontaneous appearance of information carrying

0
replicating systems and ultimately of what one may call mentality. At the pre-biotic stage of
evolution, Darwinian competition cannot, by definition, assist the evolution process. Natural

36
selection requires that primitive life is already there for the process to begin. The assumption is
therefore made that "mindless and blind" unguided processes have spontaneously resulted in a
self-replicating entity that encodes information, the precursor of the information carrying DNA.
This process has been described by some as "evolution of the gaps" to rhyme with "God of the

S
gaps." Self replicating systems encode information and therefore exhibit a quality that
transcends inert mater. It is at this stage that another explanation may help. Since ancient times
R
there have been philosophers, scientist and particularly mystics who held that matter and
mentality are inextricably mixed. I have the incontrovertible direct experience that my mind is
capable of directing the motion of my limbs, i.e. to control god-like "the motion of the atoms,"
E
as Erwin Schrodinger observed. And I know that a drug can affect the state of my mind. This
complementary leverage of mind-over-matter and matter-over-mind is an extraordinary fact.
E

The phenomenon of mentality, highly developed as consciousness in man, is also apparent in

primates and in diminishing degree as one travels down the evolutionary tree of the animal
kingdom. In high dilution it manifests itself in primitive organisms and the plant kingdom. A
R

bacterium can be said to possess a faint glimmer of mentality expressed in its ability to react
intelligently to the environment. As the gradation of mentality is continuous I can see no
A

justification in stopping its diminution with a discontinuity when prions or ultimately "inorganic
matter" is reached. One can postulate that information paths, such as those provided by nerve
and synaptic systems, are capable of amplifying mentality and enhancing the richness of
C

experience as they become more complex. The idea that mentality is just a step-wise
epiphenomenon of complexity, usually illustrated by the hypothetical example of a computer
which, if made large enough, will spontaneously show signs of mentality or consciousness is
unproven and in my view absurd.

Which of the following is the primary focus of the author in this passage?

Option 1:
The existence of logical problems in the explanation of theory of evolution
 Option 2:
The unscientific attitude demonstrated by many scientists when it comes to the reputation of Darwin

Option 3:
The God-like status of Darwin in the field of evolutionary biology

Option 4:
The lack of explanation regarding the emergence of mentality in the process of evolution

Correct Answer:
The existence of logical problems in the explanation of theory of evolution

Solution:

0
Option 1 - This is the correct answer. The author mentions two problems and tries to                 analyse those.

36
Option 2 - This is too narrow and also distorted."Many scientists" and the line is written in                  only one
paragraph.

Option 3 - It doesn't match the tone or intention of the author.

S
Option 4 - It is too narrow. It is mentioned only towards the end of the passage.

 
R
Q. 7 Directions for question : The following passage consists of a set of six questions. Read the
E
passage and answer the questions that follow.
E

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy was birthed out of two previously separate forms of therapy:
behavioral therapy and cognitive therapy. Behavioral therapy was developed, most famously, by
B.F. Skinner and was propelled into wide use by the needs of soldiers returning from World War
R

II. Cognitive therapy was developed by Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck. They identified irrational
thoughts and beliefs as the greatest cause of psychological problems. Beginning in the late
A

1970s, those who practiced behavioral therapy (behaviorists), recognizing the overly simplistic
nature of their theories, began incorporating cognitive approaches into their therapeutic
repertoire. This gave rise to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in the early 1980s. In observing CBT
C

today, the legacies of Skinner, Ellis, and Beck are still readily apparent. CBT recognizes that, just
as thoughts must be addressed in order to change behavior, changing behavior inevitably helps
in the process of changing thoughts.

But recognizing the roles these "grandfathers" of the movement played does not take us back
quite far enough. While the theoretical underpinnings of Skinners' behaviorism are well-known
among psychologists and can be traced back to the famous experiments of Pavlov, the
philosophical underpinnings of Ellis and Beck are less commonly recognized. Donald Robertson
explores this philosophical backdrop in his book, The Philosophy of Cognitive Behavioral
Therapy. He points out that both Stoicism and CBT assume that thoughts are effective enough
 to determine emotions and both see changing our thoughts as the greatest way to change our
emotions. In both Stoicism and CBT, cognitions are central to both the cause and the cure of
emotional disturbance.

Or put more simply, "Ellis' own approach was based on the ancient Stoic philosophy…[which]
stated that facts do not upset people, but rather people upset themselves with the view that
they take of those facts." This is the assumption that is at the core of Cognitive Behavioral
Therapy. 2,300 years after the first Stoics and 20 years after Ellis and Beck, David Burns, who
popularized CBT (selling over 4 million copies of his landmark bestseller), summarized CBT in a
way that is undeniably Stoic in nature: You can learn to change the way you think about things,
and you can also change your basic values and beliefs. And when you do, you will often
experience profound and lasting changes in your mood, outlook, and productivity. That, in a
nutshell, is what cognitive therapy is all about.

0
Michelle Craske agrees with Burns and says: "The primary assumption of cognitive therapy is
that dysfunctional thinking can be changed and, in turn, lead to symptomatic relief and

36
improvement in functioning." In short, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is the application of
behavioral and cognitive interventions to address an undesirable psychological problem.

Behavioral interventions are developed reactively from classical conditioning or proactively

S
from instrumental conditioning. Classical conditioning observes that there are certain innate,
involuntary responses that follow certain stimuli. But it also recognizes that these involuntary
responses can be changed.
R
Instrumental conditioning, on the other hand, is not aimed at reacting to involuntary responses
E
but at eliciting certain desirable responses by means of reinforcement or punishment. Simply
put, behavior can be altered through a systematic and consistent application of positive and
negative reinforcements that encourage adaptive behavior and discourage maladaptive
E

behavior.
R

Cognitive interventions differ from behavioral interventions in that they are consciously aimed
at the more complex cognitive process of how life is interpreted and discerned. Whereas a
behaviorist would simply observe that a certain event produces a certain behavior or emotion,
A

the cognitive therapist observes that, in fact, a certain event produces a certain cognition, which
in turn produces a certain behavior or emotion. When these "cognitions" are maladaptive or
C

problematic they are sometimes called "negative automatic thoughts." But these automatic
thoughts don't spring from thin air. If they did, they might be easier to change. However,
cognitive therapists observe that these negative automatic thoughts are the natural byproduct
of dysfunctional assumptions and that these dysfunctional assumptions stem from problematic
core beliefs.

According to the passage, CBT:

Option 1:
is one of the most empirically supported treatments available for a wide variety of psychological
disorders.
 Option 2:
is premised on the fact that thought patterns and beliefs, emotional state, and behavior are all
interconnected.

Option 3:
focuses on the development of personal coping strategies that target solving problems and changing
unhelpful patterns in cognitions, behaviors, and emotional regulation.

Option 4:
is different from historical approaches to psychotherapy, such as the psychoanalytic approach where the
therapist looks for the unconscious meaning behind behaviors and then formulates a diagnosis.

Correct Answer:

0
focuses on the development of personal coping strategies that target solving problems and changing
unhelpful patterns in cognitions, behaviors, and emotional regulation.

36
Solution:
Option (1) is ruled since the passage is silent on treatment of a variety of psychological                 disorders by
CBT.

S
Option (2) is ruled out since the passage does not talk about any such premise.
R
Option (4) is ruled out as the passage does not talk about psychoanalytic approach                  and what is
done in the approach.
E
Option (3) is the most appropriate as it can be found in paragraph 3. The passage                  talks about CBT
regulating the beliefs, attitudes and thoughts (all of which                  are covered under cognitions). Moreover,
E

emotional regulation is stated in                  terms of changing mood. CBT's focus on the development of
personal                  coping strategies can be found in the following-"In both Stoicism and CBT,                
 cognitions are central to both the cause and the cure of emotional                                  disturbance."
R

 
A

Q. 8 Directions for question : The following passage consists of a set of six questions. Read the
C

passage and answer the questions that follow.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy was birthed out of two previously separate forms of therapy:
behavioral therapy and cognitive therapy. Behavioral therapy was developed, most famously, by
B.F. Skinner and was propelled into wide use by the needs of soldiers returning from World War
II. Cognitive therapy was developed by Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck. They identified irrational
thoughts and beliefs as the greatest cause of psychological problems. Beginning in the late
1970s, those who practiced behavioral therapy (behaviorists), recognizing the overly simplistic
nature of their theories, began incorporating cognitive approaches into their therapeutic
repertoire. This gave rise to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in the early 1980s. In observing CBT
today, the legacies of Skinner, Ellis, and Beck are still readily apparent. CBT recognizes that, just
as thoughts must be addressed in order to change behavior, changing behavior inevitably helps
in the process of changing thoughts.
But recognizing the roles these "grandfathers" of the movement played does not take us back
quite far enough. While the theoretical underpinnings of Skinners' behaviorism are well-known
among psychologists and can be traced back to the famous experiments of Pavlov, the
philosophical underpinnings of Ellis and Beck are less commonly recognized. Donald Robertson
explores this philosophical backdrop in his book, The Philosophy of Cognitive Behavioral
Therapy. He points out that both Stoicism and CBT assume that thoughts are effective enough
to determine emotions and both see changing our thoughts as the greatest way to change our
emotions. In both Stoicism and CBT, cognitions are central to both the cause and the cure of
emotional disturbance.

Or put more simply, "Ellis' own approach was based on the ancient Stoic philosophy…[which]
stated that facts do not upset people, but rather people upset themselves with the view that
they take of those facts." This is the assumption that is at the core of Cognitive Behavioral

0
Therapy. 2,300 years after the first Stoics and 20 years after Ellis and Beck, David Burns, who
popularized CBT (selling over 4 million copies of his landmark bestseller), summarized CBT in a

36
way that is undeniably Stoic in nature: You can learn to change the way you think about things,
and you can also change your basic values and beliefs. And when you do, you will often
experience profound and lasting changes in your mood, outlook, and productivity. That, in a
nutshell, is what cognitive therapy is all about.

S
Michelle Craske agrees with Burns and says: "The primary assumption of cognitive therapy is
that dysfunctional thinking can be changed and, in turn, lead to symptomatic relief and
R
improvement in functioning." In short, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is the application of
behavioral and cognitive interventions to address an undesirable psychological problem.
E
Behavioral interventions are developed reactively from classical conditioning or proactively
from instrumental conditioning. Classical conditioning observes that there are certain innate,
E

involuntary responses that follow certain stimuli. But it also recognizes that these involuntary
responses can be changed.
R

Instrumental conditioning, on the other hand, is not aimed at reacting to involuntary responses
but at eliciting certain desirable responses by means of reinforcement or punishment. Simply
put, behavior can be altered through a systematic and consistent application of positive and
A

negative reinforcements that encourage adaptive behavior and discourage maladaptive

behavior.
C

Cognitive interventions differ from behavioral interventions in that they are consciously aimed
at the more complex cognitive process of how life is interpreted and discerned. Whereas a
behaviorist would simply observe that a certain event produces a certain behavior or emotion,
the cognitive therapist observes that, in fact, a certain event produces a certain cognition, which
in turn produces a certain behavior or emotion. When these "cognitions" are maladaptive or
problematic they are sometimes called "negative automatic thoughts." But these automatic
thoughts don't spring from thin air. If they did, they might be easier to change. However,
cognitive therapists observe that these negative automatic thoughts are the natural byproduct
of dysfunctional assumptions and that these dysfunctional assumptions stem from problematic
core beliefs.

Which of the following is a valid inference based on the above passage?

 Option 1:
No other form of therapy has the scientific validation and popular support currently enjoyed by CBT.

Option 2:
CBT has the power of treating chronic pain, insomnia, depression, OCD, opioid abuse, suicidal thoughts,
and even memory loss from chemotherapy.

Option 3:
Stoicism is a philosophical precursor to Skinner's theory of behaviorism.

Option 4:

0
CBT is essentially about altering the way one perceives things.

36
Correct Answer:
CBT is essentially about altering the way one perceives things.

Solution:
Option (1) is incorrect since the passage does not have any facts to prove the popularity                 of CBT.

S
Option (2) is ruled out since the passage does not give examples to show if CBT is                  treating all the
given ailments.
R
Option (3) is ruled out because only similarities between CBT and Stoicism are given in                  the passage.
E
Option (4) is correct as it is stated that-"CBT recognizes that, just as thoughts must be                  addressed in
order to change behavior, changing behavior inevitably helps in                  the process of changing thoughts.";
E

"….summarized CBT in a way that is                  undeniably Stoic in nature: You can learn to change the way
you think about                  things, and you can also change your basic values and beliefs."
R

Q. 9 Directions for question : The following passage consists of a set of six questions. Read the
passage and answer the questions that follow.
A

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy was birthed out of two previously separate forms of therapy:
C

behavioral therapy and cognitive therapy. Behavioral therapy was developed, most famously, by
B.F. Skinner and was propelled into wide use by the needs of soldiers returning from World War
II. Cognitive therapy was developed by Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck. They identified irrational
thoughts and beliefs as the greatest cause of psychological problems. Beginning in the late
1970s, those who practiced behavioral therapy (behaviorists), recognizing the overly simplistic
nature of their theories, began incorporating cognitive approaches into their therapeutic
repertoire. This gave rise to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in the early 1980s. In observing CBT
today, the legacies of Skinner, Ellis, and Beck are still readily apparent. CBT recognizes that, just
as thoughts must be addressed in order to change behavior, changing behavior inevitably helps
in the process of changing thoughts.
But recognizing the roles these "grandfathers" of the movement played does not take us back
quite far enough. While the theoretical underpinnings of Skinners' behaviorism are well-known
among psychologists and can be traced back to the famous experiments of Pavlov, the
philosophical underpinnings of Ellis and Beck are less commonly recognized. Donald Robertson
explores this philosophical backdrop in his book, The Philosophy of Cognitive Behavioral
Therapy. He points out that both Stoicism and CBT assume that thoughts are effective enough
to determine emotions and both see changing our thoughts as the greatest way to change our
emotions. In both Stoicism and CBT, cognitions are central to both the cause and the cure of
emotional disturbance.

Or put more simply, "Ellis' own approach was based on the ancient Stoic philosophy…[which]
stated that facts do not upset people, but rather people upset themselves with the view that
they take of those facts." This is the assumption that is at the core of Cognitive Behavioral

0
Therapy. 2,300 years after the first Stoics and 20 years after Ellis and Beck, David Burns, who
popularized CBT (selling over 4 million copies of his landmark bestseller), summarized CBT in a

36
way that is undeniably Stoic in nature: You can learn to change the way you think about things,
and you can also change your basic values and beliefs. And when you do, you will often
experience profound and lasting changes in your mood, outlook, and productivity. That, in a
nutshell, is what cognitive therapy is all about.

S
Michelle Craske agrees with Burns and says: "The primary assumption of cognitive therapy is
that dysfunctional thinking can be changed and, in turn, lead to symptomatic relief and
R
improvement in functioning." In short, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is the application of
behavioral and cognitive interventions to address an undesirable psychological problem.
E
Behavioral interventions are developed reactively from classical conditioning or proactively
from instrumental conditioning. Classical conditioning observes that there are certain innate,
E

involuntary responses that follow certain stimuli. But it also recognizes that these involuntary
responses can be changed.
R

Instrumental conditioning, on the other hand, is not aimed at reacting to involuntary responses
but at eliciting certain desirable responses by means of reinforcement or punishment. Simply
put, behavior can be altered through a systematic and consistent application of positive and
A

negative reinforcements that encourage adaptive behavior and discourage maladaptive

behavior.
C

Cognitive interventions differ from behavioral interventions in that they are consciously aimed
at the more complex cognitive process of how life is interpreted and discerned. Whereas a
behaviorist would simply observe that a certain event produces a certain behavior or emotion,
the cognitive therapist observes that, in fact, a certain event produces a certain cognition, which
in turn produces a certain behavior or emotion. When these "cognitions" are maladaptive or
problematic they are sometimes called "negative automatic thoughts." But these automatic
thoughts don't spring from thin air. If they did, they might be easier to change. However,
cognitive therapists observe that these negative automatic thoughts are the natural byproduct
of dysfunctional assumptions and that these dysfunctional assumptions stem from problematic
core beliefs.

According to the last paragraph, how do cognitive interventions help people?

 Option 1:
They create mental representations that surface to consciousness when we perceive, reason, or form
mental images

Option 2:
They work on the principle that people acquire knowledge through their observations of the world
around them.

Option 3:
They facilitate the identification of problematic core beliefs and their replacement with more healthy
beliefs.

0
Option 4:

36
They inherently address psychological problems at the level of unconscious mind, through the activation
and analysis of thoughts, experiences, memories, and senses.

Correct Answer:
They facilitate the identification of problematic core beliefs and their replacement with more healthy
beliefs.
S
R
Solution:
Options (1) and (2) are ruled out as they are too generic.
E
(1) does not explain how do these mental representations help people.
E

(2) does not fulfill the requirement of the question. The question is not about the working       of cognitive
interventions.
R

Option (4) is ruled out because the last paragraph clearly states that cognitive                 interventions address
problems at the level of conscious mind, which a                               cognitive therapist does to produce a
A

certain behavior.

Option (3) is the most appropriate as it details how cognitive interventions help people by                  instilling
C

in them positive beliefs and removing all negative thoughts.

Q. 10 Directions for question : The following passage consists of a set of six questions. Read the
passage and answer the questions that follow.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy was birthed out of two previously separate forms of therapy:
behavioral therapy and cognitive therapy. Behavioral therapy was developed, most famously, by
B.F. Skinner and was propelled into wide use by the needs of soldiers returning from World War
II. Cognitive therapy was developed by Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck. They identified irrational
thoughts and beliefs as the greatest cause of psychological problems. Beginning in the late
1970s, those who practiced behavioral therapy (behaviorists), recognizing the overly simplistic
nature of their theories, began incorporating cognitive approaches into their therapeutic
repertoire. This gave rise to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in the early 1980s. In observing CBT
today, the legacies of Skinner, Ellis, and Beck are still readily apparent. CBT recognizes that, just
as thoughts must be addressed in order to change behavior, changing behavior inevitably helps
in the process of changing thoughts.

But recognizing the roles these "grandfathers" of the movement played does not take us back
quite far enough. While the theoretical underpinnings of Skinners' behaviorism are well-known
among psychologists and can be traced back to the famous experiments of Pavlov, the
philosophical underpinnings of Ellis and Beck are less commonly recognized. Donald Robertson
explores this philosophical backdrop in his book, The Philosophy of Cognitive Behavioral
Therapy. He points out that both Stoicism and CBT assume that thoughts are effective enough
to determine emotions and both see changing our thoughts as the greatest way to change our
emotions. In both Stoicism and CBT, cognitions are central to both the cause and the cure of

0
emotional disturbance.

Or put more simply, "Ellis' own approach was based on the ancient Stoic philosophy…[which]

36
stated that facts do not upset people, but rather people upset themselves with the view that
they take of those facts." This is the assumption that is at the core of Cognitive Behavioral
Therapy. 2,300 years after the first Stoics and 20 years after Ellis and Beck, David Burns, who
popularized CBT (selling over 4 million copies of his landmark bestseller), summarized CBT in a

S
way that is undeniably Stoic in nature: You can learn to change the way you think about things,
and you can also change your basic values and beliefs. And when you do, you will often
R
experience profound and lasting changes in your mood, outlook, and productivity. That, in a
nutshell, is what cognitive therapy is all about.
E
Michelle Craske agrees with Burns and says: "The primary assumption of cognitive therapy is
that dysfunctional thinking can be changed and, in turn, lead to symptomatic relief and
E

improvement in functioning." In short, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is the application of

behavioral and cognitive interventions to address an undesirable psychological problem.
R

Behavioral interventions are developed reactively from classical conditioning or proactively

from instrumental conditioning. Classical conditioning observes that there are certain innate,
involuntary responses that follow certain stimuli. But it also recognizes that these involuntary
A

responses can be changed.

C

Instrumental conditioning, on the other hand, is not aimed at reacting to involuntary responses
but at eliciting certain desirable responses by means of reinforcement or punishment. Simply
put, behavior can be altered through a systematic and consistent application of positive and
negative reinforcements that encourage adaptive behavior and discourage maladaptive
behavior.

Cognitive interventions differ from behavioral interventions in that they are consciously aimed
at the more complex cognitive process of how life is interpreted and discerned. Whereas a
behaviorist would simply observe that a certain event produces a certain behavior or emotion,
the cognitive therapist observes that, in fact, a certain event produces a certain cognition, which
in turn produces a certain behavior or emotion. When these "cognitions" are maladaptive or
problematic they are sometimes called "negative automatic thoughts." But these automatic
thoughts don't spring from thin air. If they did, they might be easier to change. However,
 cognitive therapists observe that these negative automatic thoughts are the natural byproduct
of dysfunctional assumptions and that these dysfunctional assumptions stem from problematic
core beliefs.

Which of the following best traces the relationship between CBT and Stoicism?

Option 1:
Both CBT and Stoicism tell us that beliefs and ideas are powerful and they can therefore alter the way we
feel in a particular situation or towards a particular thing.

Option 2:
CBT targets underlying value judgments, while Stoicism might be described as more philosophical as it

0
tends to concern the very nature of the good itself.

36
Option 3:
Both CBT and Stoicism tell us that our emotions are connected to our thoughts, and the importance and
value we assign to things.

Option 4:

S
There are different tenets of Stoicism that have formed the framework for CBT.
R
Correct Answer:
Both CBT and Stoicism tell us that beliefs and ideas are powerful and they can therefore alter the way we
feel in a particular situation or towards a particular thing.
E

Solution:
E

Option (2) is easily ruled out as the passage traces similarities between the two and not                 distinctions.
R

Option (3) is a close answer but is incorrect because the second half cannot be traced                 from the
passage.
A

Option (4) is ruled out as there is no mention about any such tenets.

Option (1) is the correct answer since it is stated in paragraph 3- "both Stoicism and CBT                 assume
C

that thoughts are effective enough to determine emotions and both see                 changing our thoughts as
the greatest way to change our emotions."

Q. 11 Directions for question : The following passage consists of a set of six questions. Read the
passage and answer the questions that follow.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy was birthed out of two previously separate forms of therapy:
behavioral therapy and cognitive therapy. Behavioral therapy was developed, most famously, by
B.F. Skinner and was propelled into wide use by the needs of soldiers returning from World War
II. Cognitive therapy was developed by Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck. They identified irrational
thoughts and beliefs as the greatest cause of psychological problems. Beginning in the late
1970s, those who practiced behavioral therapy (behaviorists), recognizing the overly simplistic
nature of their theories, began incorporating cognitive approaches into their therapeutic
repertoire. This gave rise to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in the early 1980s. In observing CBT
today, the legacies of Skinner, Ellis, and Beck are still readily apparent. CBT recognizes that, just
as thoughts must be addressed in order to change behavior, changing behavior inevitably helps
in the process of changing thoughts.

But recognizing the roles these "grandfathers" of the movement played does not take us back
quite far enough. While the theoretical underpinnings of Skinners' behaviorism are well-known
among psychologists and can be traced back to the famous experiments of Pavlov, the
philosophical underpinnings of Ellis and Beck are less commonly recognized. Donald Robertson
explores this philosophical backdrop in his book, The Philosophy of Cognitive Behavioral
Therapy. He points out that both Stoicism and CBT assume that thoughts are effective enough
to determine emotions and both see changing our thoughts as the greatest way to change our

0
emotions. In both Stoicism and CBT, cognitions are central to both the cause and the cure of
emotional disturbance.

36
Or put more simply, "Ellis' own approach was based on the ancient Stoic philosophy…[which]
stated that facts do not upset people, but rather people upset themselves with the view that
they take of those facts." This is the assumption that is at the core of Cognitive Behavioral
Therapy. 2,300 years after the first Stoics and 20 years after Ellis and Beck, David Burns, who

S
popularized CBT (selling over 4 million copies of his landmark bestseller), summarized CBT in a
way that is undeniably Stoic in nature: You can learn to change the way you think about things,
R
and you can also change your basic values and beliefs. And when you do, you will often
experience profound and lasting changes in your mood, outlook, and productivity. That, in a
nutshell, is what cognitive therapy is all about.
E

Michelle Craske agrees with Burns and says: "The primary assumption of cognitive therapy is
E

that dysfunctional thinking can be changed and, in turn, lead to symptomatic relief and
improvement in functioning." In short, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is the application of
behavioral and cognitive interventions to address an undesirable psychological problem.
R

Behavioral interventions are developed reactively from classical conditioning or proactively

from instrumental conditioning. Classical conditioning observes that there are certain innate,
A

involuntary responses that follow certain stimuli. But it also recognizes that these involuntary
responses can be changed.
C

Instrumental conditioning, on the other hand, is not aimed at reacting to involuntary responses
but at eliciting certain desirable responses by means of reinforcement or punishment. Simply
put, behavior can be altered through a systematic and consistent application of positive and
negative reinforcements that encourage adaptive behavior and discourage maladaptive
behavior.

Cognitive interventions differ from behavioral interventions in that they are consciously aimed
at the more complex cognitive process of how life is interpreted and discerned. Whereas a
behaviorist would simply observe that a certain event produces a certain behavior or emotion,
the cognitive therapist observes that, in fact, a certain event produces a certain cognition, which
in turn produces a certain behavior or emotion. When these "cognitions" are maladaptive or
problematic they are sometimes called "negative automatic thoughts." But these automatic
 thoughts don't spring from thin air. If they did, they might be easier to change. However,
cognitive therapists observe that these negative automatic thoughts are the natural byproduct
of dysfunctional assumptions and that these dysfunctional assumptions stem from problematic
core beliefs.

Which of the following does not explain the difference between classical conditioning and
instrumental conditioning?

Option 1:
Classical conditioning occurs when one learns to associate two different stimuli while instrumental
conditioning involves changing voluntary behaviors.

0
Option 2:
Instrumental conditioning is based on involuntary behavior, while classical conditioning involves

36
voluntary reflexive behavior.

Option 3:
Instrumental conditioning focuses on using two binaries to increase or decrease the intensity of
behavior, while classical conditioning is a process that involves creating an association between a
naturally existing stimulus and a response to it.
S
R
Option 4:
A basic feature of instrumental conditioning is using reinforcement or punishment, while classical
E
conditioning relies more on association between stimuli and responses.

Correct Answer:
E

Instrumental conditioning is based on involuntary behavior, while classical conditioning involves

voluntary reflexive behavior.
R

Solution:
According to the information provided in the passage- Classical conditioning is about involuntary association
A

between two responses, or two stimuli or one response and one stimuli. Instrumental conditioning is a
voluntary response that uses reinforcement or punishment. On the basis of this,
C

option (2) is the correct answer as it incorrectly describes the two types of conditioning.

Q. 12 Directions for question : The following passage consists of a set of six questions. Read the
passage and answer the questions that follow.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy was birthed out of two previously separate forms of therapy:
behavioral therapy and cognitive therapy. Behavioral therapy was developed, most famously, by
B.F. Skinner and was propelled into wide use by the needs of soldiers returning from World War
II. Cognitive therapy was developed by Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck. They identified irrational
thoughts and beliefs as the greatest cause of psychological problems. Beginning in the late
1970s, those who practiced behavioral therapy (behaviorists), recognizing the overly simplistic
nature of their theories, began incorporating cognitive approaches into their therapeutic
repertoire. This gave rise to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in the early 1980s. In observing CBT
today, the legacies of Skinner, Ellis, and Beck are still readily apparent. CBT recognizes that, just
as thoughts must be addressed in order to change behavior, changing behavior inevitably helps
in the process of changing thoughts.

But recognizing the roles these "grandfathers" of the movement played does not take us back
quite far enough. While the theoretical underpinnings of Skinners' behaviorism are well-known
among psychologists and can be traced back to the famous experiments of Pavlov, the
philosophical underpinnings of Ellis and Beck are less commonly recognized. Donald Robertson
explores this philosophical backdrop in his book, The Philosophy of Cognitive Behavioral
Therapy. He points out that both Stoicism and CBT assume that thoughts are effective enough

0
to determine emotions and both see changing our thoughts as the greatest way to change our
emotions. In both Stoicism and CBT, cognitions are central to both the cause and the cure of

36
emotional disturbance.

Or put more simply, "Ellis' own approach was based on the ancient Stoic philosophy…[which]
stated that facts do not upset people, but rather people upset themselves with the view that
they take of those facts." This is the assumption that is at the core of Cognitive Behavioral

S
Therapy. 2,300 years after the first Stoics and 20 years after Ellis and Beck, David Burns, who
popularized CBT (selling over 4 million copies of his landmark bestseller), summarized CBT in a
R
way that is undeniably Stoic in nature: You can learn to change the way you think about things,
and you can also change your basic values and beliefs. And when you do, you will often
experience profound and lasting changes in your mood, outlook, and productivity. That, in a
E
nutshell, is what cognitive therapy is all about.
E

Michelle Craske agrees with Burns and says: "The primary assumption of cognitive therapy is
that dysfunctional thinking can be changed and, in turn, lead to symptomatic relief and
improvement in functioning." In short, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is the application of
R

behavioral and cognitive interventions to address an undesirable psychological problem.

Behavioral interventions are developed reactively from classical conditioning or proactively

A

from instrumental conditioning. Classical conditioning observes that there are certain innate,
involuntary responses that follow certain stimuli. But it also recognizes that these involuntary
C

responses can be changed.

Instrumental conditioning, on the other hand, is not aimed at reacting to involuntary responses
but at eliciting certain desirable responses by means of reinforcement or punishment. Simply
put, behavior can be altered through a systematic and consistent application of positive and
negative reinforcements that encourage adaptive behavior and discourage maladaptive
behavior.

Cognitive interventions differ from behavioral interventions in that they are consciously aimed
at the more complex cognitive process of how life is interpreted and discerned. Whereas a
behaviorist would simply observe that a certain event produces a certain behavior or emotion,
the cognitive therapist observes that, in fact, a certain event produces a certain cognition, which
in turn produces a certain behavior or emotion. When these "cognitions" are maladaptive or
 problematic they are sometimes called "negative automatic thoughts." But these automatic
thoughts don't spring from thin air. If they did, they might be easier to change. However,
cognitive therapists observe that these negative automatic thoughts are the natural byproduct
of dysfunctional assumptions and that these dysfunctional assumptions stem from problematic
core beliefs.

Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?

Option 1:
A nurse walked into the room making the kid anxious because he associated her with getting needles.
Later, he repeatedly imagined a nurse into the room without giving him a needle.

0
Option 2:
Initially, a little girl did not fear a lizard. The lizard was paired or associated with scary noises but the girl

36
didn't become fearful of the lizard.

Option 3:
A man eats fish as a meal but later becomes extremely sick. Later, the taste of the fish does not cause the
person to feel nauseous because he does not associate it with an illness.

Option 4: S
R
When Roy was a kid he had seen a friend being bitten by a dog but that did not make him fear dogs. Now
that Roy is a grown up, he has three dogs at home.
E
Correct Answer:
A nurse walked into the room making the kid anxious because he associated her with getting needles.
E

Later, he repeatedly imagined a nurse into the room without giving him a needle.
R

Solution:
"Classical conditioning observes that there are certain innate, involuntary responses that follow certain
stimuli. But it also recognizes that these involuntary responses can be changed."
A

Option (2) is not an example of the same because-

C

                (i) scary noises ought to make one scared,

                (ii) there is no change in the response even when the lizard is associated                     with noises.

Option (3) is not an example of the same because something that makes you sick after                  you have
eaten it makes you avoid it as you tend to connect it with sickness                 again.

Option (4) is not an example of the same because if you see someone being bitten by                 a dog, the
innate reaction is that of being scared of a dog. However, here it                 is not the same.

Option (1) is the correct answer because the innate reaction of a kid seeing a needle is                 getting
scared. His imagining a nurse without needles, changed his fear to                 being calm. Hence (1) is an
example of classical conditioning.
 

Q. 13 Directions for questions 16-21: The following passage consists of a set of six questions. Read
the passage and answer the questions that follow.

As I mentioned the other day, I suspect that Jean-Luc Godard's new film, "Film Socialisme,"
which opens tomorrow, will rekindle discussion, such as had become common last fall (on the
occasion of his honorary Oscar), regarding his attitude toward Jews: in this film, he mentions
Jews on several occasions and in ways that are substantial and, to say the least, non-trivial. It's a
discussion that, for the most part, has been conducted sensationalistically and superficially,
which is unfortunate, because Jewish themes have been important, even central, to Godard's
films for almost thirty years. In "Film Socialisme," Godard brings to the discussion an extreme
form of his familiar (and always extraordinary) associative logic, or montage, of ideas. The

0
allusions and references he brings to bear on the subject are wide-ranging, surprising, and, at
times, shocking-a blend of historical curiosity and free-flowing hostility.

36
Here's a non-comprehensive sampling of references to Jews in the film: Among the film's
international crew of political agents is an elderly Jewish man who, when asked what became of
the gold of the Bank of Palestine, points to his teeth (a sordid metaphorical reversal of the
process by which, in the concentration camps, the Germans extracted gold from the teeth of

S
Jews they executed). There's a woman who doubts her Jewish identity because, she says, "I was
told. My parents. So what? Telling never suffices." There's a cinematic musing on Hollywood-"It's
R
strange that Hollywood was invented by Jews: Adolph Zukor, William Fox, David Selznick,
Samuel Goldwyn, Marcus Loew, Carl Laemmle" -accompanied by an image of gangsters in a
E
shootout, as if these Hollywood pioneers were not merely perspicacious immigrant
businessmen but indeed gangsters. And there's the association of the French word "holocauste"
(meaning "burnt offering") in the Biblical tale of Abraham and Isaac to the modern usage, as if
E

to correlate Abraham's sacrifice of Isaac as a founding act of Jewish faith and the deaths of Jews
in the Holocaust as a comparable article of faith for the Jews who survived.
R

What's really strange about the connection of "Film Socialisme" to Jews is one that Godard
made, and didn't make, in a recent interview, in which he told Jean-Marc Lalanne of Les
A

Inrockuptibles that the film was inspired by the book "Le Voyage de Shakespeare," by Léon
Daudet, whom Godard referred to as "the polemicist of the turn of the century." Godard's
C

description of Daudet (1867-1942) is correct but vague. Daudet was an anti-Semitic polemicist:
an anti-Dreyfusard, a member of France's National Anti-Jewish Federation, a co-founder and
editor of the right-wing and anti-Semitic journal Action Fran çaise, and, ultimately, a supporter
of the Vichy regime.

It's remarkable that Godard doesn't find it worth mentioning-as if Daudet's views are merely the
background music of European ideology, a droning and over familiar constant. Godard's films
and thought, linked as they are to the great European tradition, are unable to get away from its
prejudices regarding Jews; yet the great paradox of "Film Socialisme" is that, from this tainted
heritage, Godard derives his most humane, internationalist, multicultural film.
 The question is why he finds these prejudices so difficult to escape-why these ugly insinuations
have become his habit. One answer is to be found in his way of working-indeed, in his latter-day
way of life. The film's fantasy of conspiracies and hidden motives, of deep contrivances and
elusive identities, suggests a suspicion of the world and a radical contrast between Godard's
hemmed-in, disconnected private realm and the wider world. Ultimately the political
conspiracies of "Film Socialisme" are as personal, for Godard, as the domestic intimacies: they
suggest the imaginings of a man, all too often alone, at his desk, submerged in the works of
investigative journalists and anecdotal historians and grandiloquent "polemicists," all the while
collating and comparing, remembering and speculating and imagining; the web of conspiracies
he envisions plays the role of Platonic forms, the realities behind the vain banalities of daily life.
His solitude is a creative solitude of political romanticism, filled with noble, quasi-utopian
feelings and with bitterness directed at the world in which they remain unrealized. The
coherence and the contradictions of "Film Socialisme" are equally the image of Godard's self-

0
exile, of his lonely idealism.

36
Which of the following, if true, would explain the reason behind Godard's habit of ugly
insinuations?

Option 1:

S
Godard's daughter recently married a Jewish man which made Godard revisit his political ideologies.
R
Option 2:
Godard's chief inspiration behind choosing a career in film making was to reinforce his political ideology.

E
 

Option 3:
E

After the uproar over his Oscar win, Godard became even more self-exiled.
 
R

Option 4:
 During his early film making days, Godard suffered many flops which added to his anger against
A

Hollywood studio bosses.

C

Correct Answer:
Godard's chief inspiration behind choosing a career in film making was to reinforce his political ideology.

Solution:
The clue to this question is "Godard's usual habit" of insinuating the anti-Jewish attitude which is the central
focus of the passage. It is not a recent habit. Hence, option 1 can be eliminated.

Options 3 and 4 don't answer this question logically as "Jews" are not part of the options. Option 2   is the
best answer.

Q. 14 Directions for questions 16-21: The following passage consists of a set of six questions. Read
the passage and answer the questions that follow.

As I mentioned the other day, I suspect that Jean-Luc Godard's new film, "Film Socialisme,"
which opens tomorrow, will rekindle discussion, such as had become common last fall (on the
occasion of his honorary Oscar), regarding his attitude toward Jews: in this film, he mentions
Jews on several occasions and in ways that are substantial and, to say the least, non-trivial. It's a
discussion that, for the most part, has been conducted sensationalistically and superficially,
which is unfortunate, because Jewish themes have been important, even central, to Godard's
films for almost thirty years. In "Film Socialisme," Godard brings to the discussion an extreme
form of his familiar (and always extraordinary) associative logic, or montage, of ideas. The
allusions and references he brings to bear on the subject are wide-ranging, surprising, and, at
times, shocking-a blend of historical curiosity and free-flowing hostility.

Here's a non-comprehensive sampling of references to Jews in the film: Among the film's

0
international crew of political agents is an elderly Jewish man who, when asked what became of
the gold of the Bank of Palestine, points to his teeth (a sordid metaphorical reversal of the

36
process by which, in the concentration camps, the Germans extracted gold from the teeth of
Jews they executed). There's a woman who doubts her Jewish identity because, she says, "I was
told. My parents. So what? Telling never suffices." There's a cinematic musing on Hollywood-"It's
strange that Hollywood was invented by Jews: Adolph Zukor, William Fox, David Selznick,

S
Samuel Goldwyn, Marcus Loew, Carl Laemmle" -accompanied by an image of gangsters in a
shootout, as if these Hollywood pioneers were not merely perspicacious immigrant
R
businessmen but indeed gangsters. And there's the association of the French word "holocauste"
(meaning "burnt offering") in the Biblical tale of Abraham and Isaac to the modern usage, as if
to correlate Abraham's sacrifice of Isaac as a founding act of Jewish faith and the deaths of Jews
E
in the Holocaust as a comparable article of faith for the Jews who survived.
E

What's really strange about the connection of "Film Socialisme" to Jews is one that Godard
made, and didn't make, in a recent interview, in which he told Jean-Marc Lalanne of Les
Inrockuptibles that the film was inspired by the book "Le Voyage de Shakespeare," by Léon
R

Daudet, whom Godard referred to as "the polemicist of the turn of the century." Godard's
description of Daudet (1867-1942) is correct but vague. Daudet was an anti-Semitic polemicist:
A

an anti-Dreyfusard, a member of France's National Anti-Jewish Federation, a co-founder and

editor of the right-wing and anti-Semitic journal Action Fran çaise, and, ultimately, a supporter
of the Vichy regime.
C

It's remarkable that Godard doesn't find it worth mentioning-as if Daudet's views are merely the
background music of European ideology, a droning and over familiar constant. Godard's films
and thought, linked as they are to the great European tradition, are unable to get away from its
prejudices regarding Jews; yet the great paradox of "Film Socialisme" is that, from this tainted
heritage, Godard derives his most humane, internationalist, multicultural film.

The question is why he finds these prejudices so difficult to escape-why these ugly insinuations
have become his habit. One answer is to be found in his way of working-indeed, in his latter-day
way of life. The film's fantasy of conspiracies and hidden motives, of deep contrivances and
elusive identities, suggests a suspicion of the world and a radical contrast between Godard's
hemmed-in, disconnected private realm and the wider world. Ultimately the political
 conspiracies of "Film Socialisme" are as personal, for Godard, as the domestic intimacies: they
suggest the imaginings of a man, all too often alone, at his desk, submerged in the works of
investigative journalists and anecdotal historians and grandiloquent "polemicists," all the while
collating and comparing, remembering and speculating and imagining; the web of conspiracies
he envisions plays the role of Platonic forms, the realities behind the vain banalities of daily life.
His solitude is a creative solitude of political romanticism, filled with noble, quasi-utopian
feelings and with bitterness directed at the world in which they remain unrealized. The
coherence and the contradictions of "Film Socialisme" are equally the image of Godard's self-
exile, of his lonely idealism.

As per the passage, which of the following is true regarding Godard's art?

0
36
Option 1:
Godard's cinematic ideologies are chiefly inspired by the inflammatory logic of writers like Daudet.

Option 2:

S
At least one of Godard's movies is unintentionally paradoxical.
R
Option 3:
 Godard's films have always resulted in a lively discussion regarding his attitude towards Jews.
 
E

Option 4:
E

Godard sometimes uses metaphorical distortions to drive home his artistic point.
R

Correct Answer:
Godard sometimes uses metaphorical distortions to drive home his artistic point.
A

Solution:
Option 1 - It is wrong because "chiefly" can't be factually supported by the passage.
C

Option 2 - "Unintentionally" is wrong and the film is not paradoxical. Its consequence or                     reception
is.

                "He makes his most humane film."It's an opinion.

Option 3 - "Always resulted" makes it wrong.

Option 4 - "Sometimes" is logically correct. "Metaphorical distortions" are clearly                

                 mentioned in the passage.

          
Q. 15 Directions for questions 16-21: The following passage consists of a set of six questions. Read
the passage and answer the questions that follow.

As I mentioned the other day, I suspect that Jean-Luc Godard's new film, "Film Socialisme,"
which opens tomorrow, will rekindle discussion, such as had become common last fall (on the
occasion of his honorary Oscar), regarding his attitude toward Jews: in this film, he mentions
Jews on several occasions and in ways that are substantial and, to say the least, non-trivial. It's a
discussion that, for the most part, has been conducted sensationalistically and superficially,
which is unfortunate, because Jewish themes have been important, even central, to Godard's
films for almost thirty years. In "Film Socialisme," Godard brings to the discussion an extreme
form of his familiar (and always extraordinary) associative logic, or montage, of ideas. The
allusions and references he brings to bear on the subject are wide-ranging, surprising, and, at
times, shocking-a blend of historical curiosity and free-flowing hostility.

0
Here's a non-comprehensive sampling of references to Jews in the film: Among the film's
international crew of political agents is an elderly Jewish man who, when asked what became of

36
the gold of the Bank of Palestine, points to his teeth (a sordid metaphorical reversal of the
process by which, in the concentration camps, the Germans extracted gold from the teeth of
Jews they executed). There's a woman who doubts her Jewish identity because, she says, "I was
told. My parents. So what? Telling never suffices." There's a cinematic musing on Hollywood-"It's

S
strange that Hollywood was invented by Jews: Adolph Zukor, William Fox, David Selznick,
Samuel Goldwyn, Marcus Loew, Carl Laemmle" -accompanied by an image of gangsters in a
R
shootout, as if these Hollywood pioneers were not merely perspicacious immigrant
businessmen but indeed gangsters. And there's the association of the French word "holocauste"
(meaning "burnt offering") in the Biblical tale of Abraham and Isaac to the modern usage, as if
E
to correlate Abraham's sacrifice of Isaac as a founding act of Jewish faith and the deaths of Jews
in the Holocaust as a comparable article of faith for the Jews who survived.
E

What's really strange about the connection of "Film Socialisme" to Jews is one that Godard
made, and didn't make, in a recent interview, in which he told Jean-Marc Lalanne of Les
R

Inrockuptibles that the film was inspired by the book "Le Voyage de Shakespeare," by Léon
Daudet, whom Godard referred to as "the polemicist of the turn of the century." Godard's
A

description of Daudet (1867-1942) is correct but vague. Daudet was an anti-Semitic polemicist:
an anti-Dreyfusard, a member of France's National Anti-Jewish Federation, a co-founder and
editor of the right-wing and anti-Semitic journal Action Fran çaise, and, ultimately, a supporter
C

of the Vichy regime.

It's remarkable that Godard doesn't find it worth mentioning-as if Daudet's views are merely the
background music of European ideology, a droning and over familiar constant. Godard's films
and thought, linked as they are to the great European tradition, are unable to get away from its
prejudices regarding Jews; yet the great paradox of "Film Socialisme" is that, from this tainted
heritage, Godard derives his most humane, internationalist, multicultural film.

The question is why he finds these prejudices so difficult to escape-why these ugly insinuations
have become his habit. One answer is to be found in his way of working-indeed, in his latter-day
way of life. The film's fantasy of conspiracies and hidden motives, of deep contrivances and
elusive identities, suggests a suspicion of the world and a radical contrast between Godard's
 hemmed-in, disconnected private realm and the wider world. Ultimately the political
conspiracies of "Film Socialisme" are as personal, for Godard, as the domestic intimacies: they
suggest the imaginings of a man, all too often alone, at his desk, submerged in the works of
investigative journalists and anecdotal historians and grandiloquent "polemicists," all the while
collating and comparing, remembering and speculating and imagining; the web of conspiracies
he envisions plays the role of Platonic forms, the realities behind the vain banalities of daily life.
His solitude is a creative solitude of political romanticism, filled with noble, quasi-utopian
feelings and with bitterness directed at the world in which they remain unrealized. The
coherence and the contradictions of "Film Socialisme" are equally the image of Godard's self-
exile, of his lonely idealism.

Which of the following can be inferred about the author's narrative style from the first
sentence of the passage?

0
36
Option 1:
The author is mildly sarcastic about the efficacy of Godard's latest film.

Option 2:

S
The author is optimistic about the discussion on Jews surrounding the latest film by Godard.
R
Option 3:
The author is mildly critical of Godard's portrayal of Jews in his latest film.
E
 

Option 4:
E

The author is suspicious of the effects of Godard's latest film on the discussion on anti-Semitic.
R

Correct Answer:
The author is mildly critical of Godard's portrayal of Jews in his latest film.
 
A

Solution:
C

Option 1 - The author is very direct. He is not sarcastic.

Option 2 - The tone is negative. This is a positive option.

Option 3 - The author is critical but not extreme in his approach. This is the correct option.

Option 4 -The author is very sure. He is not suspicious or sceptical.

Q. 16 Directions for questions 16-21: The following passage consists of a set of six questions. Read
the passage and answer the questions that follow.
As I mentioned the other day, I suspect that Jean-Luc Godard's new film, "Film Socialisme,"
which opens tomorrow, will rekindle discussion, such as had become common last fall (on the
occasion of his honorary Oscar), regarding his attitude toward Jews: in this film, he mentions
Jews on several occasions and in ways that are substantial and, to say the least, non-trivial. It's a
discussion that, for the most part, has been conducted sensationalistically and superficially,
which is unfortunate, because Jewish themes have been important, even central, to Godard's
films for almost thirty years. In "Film Socialisme," Godard brings to the discussion an extreme
form of his familiar (and always extraordinary) associative logic, or montage, of ideas. The
allusions and references he brings to bear on the subject are wide-ranging, surprising, and, at
times, shocking-a blend of historical curiosity and free-flowing hostility.

Here's a non-comprehensive sampling of references to Jews in the film: Among the film's
international crew of political agents is an elderly Jewish man who, when asked what became of

0
the gold of the Bank of Palestine, points to his teeth (a sordid metaphorical reversal of the
process by which, in the concentration camps, the Germans extracted gold from the teeth of

36
Jews they executed). There's a woman who doubts her Jewish identity because, she says, "I was
told. My parents. So what? Telling never suffices." There's a cinematic musing on Hollywood-"It's
strange that Hollywood was invented by Jews: Adolph Zukor, William Fox, David Selznick,
Samuel Goldwyn, Marcus Loew, Carl Laemmle" -accompanied by an image of gangsters in a
shootout, as if these Hollywood pioneers were not merely perspicacious immigrant

S
businessmen but indeed gangsters. And there's the association of the French word "holocauste"
(meaning "burnt offering") in the Biblical tale of Abraham and Isaac to the modern usage, as if
R
to correlate Abraham's sacrifice of Isaac as a founding act of Jewish faith and the deaths of Jews
in the Holocaust as a comparable article of faith for the Jews who survived.
E
What's really strange about the connection of "Film Socialisme" to Jews is one that Godard
made, and didn't make, in a recent interview, in which he told Jean-Marc Lalanne of Les
E

Inrockuptibles that the film was inspired by the book "Le Voyage de Shakespeare," by Léon
Daudet, whom Godard referred to as "the polemicist of the turn of the century." Godard's
description of Daudet (1867-1942) is correct but vague. Daudet was an anti-Semitic polemicist:
R

an anti-Dreyfusard, a member of France's National Anti-Jewish Federation, a co-founder and

editor of the right-wing and anti-Semitic journal Action Fran çaise, and, ultimately, a supporter
A

of the Vichy regime.

It's remarkable that Godard doesn't find it worth mentioning-as if Daudet's views are merely the
C

background music of European ideology, a droning and over familiar constant. Godard's films
and thought, linked as they are to the great European tradition, are unable to get away from its
prejudices regarding Jews; yet the great paradox of "Film Socialisme" is that, from this tainted
heritage, Godard derives his most humane, internationalist, multicultural film.

The question is why he finds these prejudices so difficult to escape-why these ugly insinuations
have become his habit. One answer is to be found in his way of working-indeed, in his latter-day
way of life. The film's fantasy of conspiracies and hidden motives, of deep contrivances and
elusive identities, suggests a suspicion of the world and a radical contrast between Godard's
hemmed-in, disconnected private realm and the wider world. Ultimately the political
conspiracies of "Film Socialisme" are as personal, for Godard, as the domestic intimacies: they
suggest the imaginings of a man, all too often alone, at his desk, submerged in the works of
 investigative journalists and anecdotal historians and grandiloquent "polemicists," all the while
collating and comparing, remembering and speculating and imagining; the web of conspiracies
he envisions plays the role of Platonic forms, the realities behind the vain banalities of daily life.
His solitude is a creative solitude of political romanticism, filled with noble, quasi-utopian
feelings and with bitterness directed at the world in which they remain unrealized. The
coherence and the contradictions of "Film Socialisme" are equally the image of Godard's self-
exile, of his lonely idealism.

Which of the following is a suitable title for the given passage?

Option 1:
 An analysis of Godard's exiled genius

0
 

36
Option 2:
Godard's artistic vision - An analysis

Option 3:
An analysis of Godard's artistic techniques
 
S
R
Option 4:
Godard - A study in contrast
E
Correct Answer:
Godard's artistic vision - An analysis
E

Solution:
R

The author's tone is analytical. The focus of the passage is Godard's art. Hence,

option 2 is the best answer.

A

Option 1 makes the author a fan of Godard. It is a twisted option.

C

Q. 17 Directions for questions 16-21: The following passage consists of a set of six questions. Read
the passage and answer the questions that follow.

As I mentioned the other day, I suspect that Jean-Luc Godard's new film, "Film Socialisme,"
which opens tomorrow, will rekindle discussion, such as had become common last fall (on the
occasion of his honorary Oscar), regarding his attitude toward Jews: in this film, he mentions
Jews on several occasions and in ways that are substantial and, to say the least, non-trivial. It's a
discussion that, for the most part, has been conducted sensationalistically and superficially,
which is unfortunate, because Jewish themes have been important, even central, to Godard's
films for almost thirty years. In "Film Socialisme," Godard brings to the discussion an extreme
form of his familiar (and always extraordinary) associative logic, or montage, of ideas. The
allusions and references he brings to bear on the subject are wide-ranging, surprising, and, at
times, shocking-a blend of historical curiosity and free-flowing hostility.

Here's a non-comprehensive sampling of references to Jews in the film: Among the film's
international crew of political agents is an elderly Jewish man who, when asked what became of
the gold of the Bank of Palestine, points to his teeth (a sordid metaphorical reversal of the
process by which, in the concentration camps, the Germans extracted gold from the teeth of
Jews they executed). There's a woman who doubts her Jewish identity because, she says, "I was
told. My parents. So what? Telling never suffices." There's a cinematic musing on Hollywood-"It's
strange that Hollywood was invented by Jews: Adolph Zukor, William Fox, David Selznick,
Samuel Goldwyn, Marcus Loew, Carl Laemmle" -accompanied by an image of gangsters in a
shootout, as if these Hollywood pioneers were not merely perspicacious immigrant

0
businessmen but indeed gangsters. And there's the association of the French word "holocauste"
(meaning "burnt offering") in the Biblical tale of Abraham and Isaac to the modern usage, as if

36
to correlate Abraham's sacrifice of Isaac as a founding act of Jewish faith and the deaths of Jews
in the Holocaust as a comparable article of faith for the Jews who survived.

What's really strange about the connection of "Film Socialisme" to Jews is one that Godard
made, and didn't make, in a recent interview, in which he told Jean-Marc Lalanne of Les

S
Inrockuptibles that the film was inspired by the book "Le Voyage de Shakespeare," by Léon
Daudet, whom Godard referred to as "the polemicist of the turn of the century." Godard's
R
description of Daudet (1867-1942) is correct but vague. Daudet was an anti-Semitic polemicist:
an anti-Dreyfusard, a member of France's National Anti-Jewish Federation, a co-founder and
editor of the right-wing and anti-Semitic journal Action Fran çaise, and, ultimately, a supporter
E
of the Vichy regime.
E

It's remarkable that Godard doesn't find it worth mentioning-as if Daudet's views are merely the
background music of European ideology, a droning and over familiar constant. Godard's films
and thought, linked as they are to the great European tradition, are unable to get away from its
R

prejudices regarding Jews; yet the great paradox of "Film Socialisme" is that, from this tainted
heritage, Godard derives his most humane, internationalist, multicultural film.
A

The question is why he finds these prejudices so difficult to escape-why these ugly insinuations
have become his habit. One answer is to be found in his way of working-indeed, in his latter-day
C

way of life. The film's fantasy of conspiracies and hidden motives, of deep contrivances and
elusive identities, suggests a suspicion of the world and a radical contrast between Godard's
hemmed-in, disconnected private realm and the wider world. Ultimately the political
conspiracies of "Film Socialisme" are as personal, for Godard, as the domestic intimacies: they
suggest the imaginings of a man, all too often alone, at his desk, submerged in the works of
investigative journalists and anecdotal historians and grandiloquent "polemicists," all the while
collating and comparing, remembering and speculating and imagining; the web of conspiracies
he envisions plays the role of Platonic forms, the realities behind the vain banalities of daily life.
His solitude is a creative solitude of political romanticism, filled with noble, quasi-utopian
feelings and with bitterness directed at the world in which they remain unrealized. The
coherence and the contradictions of "Film Socialisme" are equally the image of Godard's self-
exile, of his lonely idealism.
 According to the passage, which of the following is can't be true regarding "Film
Socialisme"?

Option 1:
The film contains certain ironic references to historical images.

Option 2:
The film contains some reference to a Biblical metaphor.

Option 3:
The film is a continuation of Godard's narration of Jews in his art.

0
 

36
Option 4:
The film caters to a homogeneous audience.

Correct Answer:
The film caters to a homogeneous audience.

Solution:
S
R
All the other options are supported by the passage. This film caters to a variety of audience. Refer to the last
sentence of the first paragraph. Hence,                          
E
option 4 is the correct answer.
E

Q. 18 Directions for questions : The following passage consists of a set of six questions. Read the
passage and answer the questions that follow.
R

As I mentioned the other day, I suspect that Jean-Luc Godard's new film, "Film Socialisme,"
which opens tomorrow, will rekindle discussion, such as had become common last fall (on the
A

occasion of his honorary Oscar), regarding his attitude toward Jews: in this film, he mentions
Jews on several occasions and in ways that are substantial and, to say the least, non-trivial. It's a
C

discussion that, for the most part, has been conducted sensationalistically and superficially,
which is unfortunate, because Jewish themes have been important, even central, to Godard's
films for almost thirty years. In "Film Socialisme," Godard brings to the discussion an extreme
form of his familiar (and always extraordinary) associative logic, or montage, of ideas. The
allusions and references he brings to bear on the subject are wide-ranging, surprising, and, at
times, shocking-a blend of historical curiosity and free-flowing hostility.

Here's a non-comprehensive sampling of references to Jews in the film: Among the film's
international crew of political agents is an elderly Jewish man who, when asked what became of
the gold of the Bank of Palestine, points to his teeth (a sordid metaphorical reversal of the
process by which, in the concentration camps, the Germans extracted gold from the teeth of
Jews they executed). There's a woman who doubts her Jewish identity because, she says, "I was
 told. My parents. So what? Telling never suffices." There's a cinematic musing on Hollywood-"It's
strange that Hollywood was invented by Jews: Adolph Zukor, William Fox, David Selznick,
Samuel Goldwyn, Marcus Loew, Carl Laemmle" -accompanied by an image of gangsters in a
shootout, as if these Hollywood pioneers were not merely perspicacious immigrant
businessmen but indeed gangsters. And there's the association of the French word "holocauste"
(meaning "burnt offering") in the Biblical tale of Abraham and Isaac to the modern usage, as if
to correlate Abraham's sacrifice of Isaac as a founding act of Jewish faith and the deaths of Jews
in the Holocaust as a comparable article of faith for the Jews who survived.

What's really strange about the connection of "Film Socialisme" to Jews is one that Godard
made, and didn't make, in a recent interview, in which he told Jean-Marc Lalanne of Les
Inrockuptibles that the film was inspired by the book "Le Voyage de Shakespeare," by Léon
Daudet, whom Godard referred to as "the polemicist of the turn of the century." Godard's

0
description of Daudet (1867-1942) is correct but vague. Daudet was an anti-Semitic polemicist:
an anti-Dreyfusard, a member of France's National Anti-Jewish Federation, a co-founder and

36
editor of the right-wing and anti-Semitic journal Action Fran çaise, and, ultimately, a supporter
of the Vichy regime.

It's remarkable that Godard doesn't find it worth mentioning-as if Daudet's views are merely the
background music of European ideology, a droning and over familiar constant. Godard's films

S
and thought, linked as they are to the great European tradition, are unable to get away from its
prejudices regarding Jews; yet the great paradox of "Film Socialisme" is that, from this tainted
R
heritage, Godard derives his most humane, internationalist, multicultural film.

The question is why he finds these prejudices so difficult to escape-why these ugly insinuations
E
have become his habit. One answer is to be found in his way of working-indeed, in his latter-day
way of life. The film's fantasy of conspiracies and hidden motives, of deep contrivances and
E

elusive identities, suggests a suspicion of the world and a radical contrast between Godard's
hemmed-in, disconnected private realm and the wider world. Ultimately the political
conspiracies of "Film Socialisme" are as personal, for Godard, as the domestic intimacies: they
R

suggest the imaginings of a man, all too often alone, at his desk, submerged in the works of
investigative journalists and anecdotal historians and grandiloquent "polemicists," all the while
A

collating and comparing, remembering and speculating and imagining; the web of conspiracies
he envisions plays the role of Platonic forms, the realities behind the vain banalities of daily life.
His solitude is a creative solitude of political romanticism, filled with noble, quasi-utopian
C

feelings and with bitterness directed at the world in which they remain unrealized. The
coherence and the contradictions of "Film Socialisme" are equally the image of Godard's self-
exile, of his lonely idealism.

Which of the following is not true according to the passage?

Option 1:
The theme of "Film Socialisme" highlights the influence of the creator over his creation.

 
 Option 2:
Godard has made more than one movies which portray Jews in a poor light.

Option 3:
Godard discusses a myriad, wide-ranging, and sometimes shocking cinematography in "Film Socialisme".
 

Option 4:
Godard is hostile towards Semitism in "Film Socialisme".

Correct Answer:
Godard discusses a myriad, wide-ranging, and sometimes shocking cinematography in "Film Socialisme".
 

0
Solution:

36
The passage doesn't mention "cinematography". The other options can be located in the passage.

S
R
E
E
R
A
C
Q. 19 Directions for questions : The following passage consists of a set of three questions. Read the
passage and answer the questions that follow.

And here is another fact to which attention should be drawn. You would hardly appreciate the
comic if you felt yourself isolated from others. Laughter appears to stand in need of an echo,
listen to it carefully: it is not an articulate, clear, well-defined sound; it is something which would
fain be prolonged by reverberating from one to another, something beginning with a crash, to
continue in successive rumblings, like thunder in a mountain. Still, this reverberation cannot go
on forever. It can travel within as wide a circle as you please: the circle remains, none the less, a
closed one. Our laughter is always the laughter of a group. It may, perchance, have happened to
you, when seated in a railway carriage, to hear travellers relating to one another stories which
must have been comic to them, for they laughed heartily. Had you been one of their company,
you would have laughed like them; but, as you were not, you had no desire whatever to do so. A

0
man who was once asked why he did not weep at a sermon, when everybody else was shedding
tears, replied: "I don't belong to the parish!" What that man thought of tears would be still truer

36
of laughter. However spontaneous it seems, laughter always implies a kind of secret
freemasonry, or even complicity, with other laughers, real or imaginary.

How often has it been said that the fuller the theatre, the more uncontrolled the laughter of the

S
audience! On the other hand, how often has the remark been made that many comic effects are
incapable of translation from one language to another, because they refer to the customs and
ideas of a particular social group! It is through not understanding the importance of this double
R
fact that the comic has been looked upon as a mere curiosity in which the mind finds
amusement, and laughter itself as a strange, isolated phenomenon, without any bearing on the
E
rest of human activity. Hence those definitions which tend to make the comic into an abstract
relation between ideas: "an intellectual contrast," "a palpable absurdity," etc.,-definitions which,
even were they really suitable to every form of the comic, would not in the least explain why the
E

comic makes us laugh. How, indeed, should it come about that this particular logical relation, as
soon as it is perceived, contracts, expands and shakes our limbs, whilst all other relations leave
R

the body unaffected? It is not from this point of view that we shall approach the problem. To
understand laughter, we must put it back into its natural environment, which is society, and
A

above all must we determine the utility of its function, which is a social one. Such, let us say at
once, will be the leading idea of all our investigations. Laughter must answer to certain
requirements of life in common. It must have a social significance.
C

What do you understand by the phrase- "laughter always implies a kind of secret
freemasonry"?

Option 1:
Laughter comes on its own, without one having to bear any cost.

Option 2:
Origin of laughter is a secret, unknown to any.
 Option 3:
Laughter is accidental and unintentional.
 

Option 4:
Laughter develops a premeditated fellow feeling with modes that are identical.

Correct Answer:
Laughter develops a premeditated fellow feeling with modes that are identical.

Solution:
Option 4 is the correct answer.

0
Options 1, 2, and 3 cannot be inferred from the passage. The word 'freemasonry' means instinctive
sympathy between things with something in common. Moreover, the first half of the given sentence states

36
that laughter only seems to be spontaneous. This means that it is in real premeditated.

S
R
E
E
R
A
C
Q. 20 Directions for questions : The following passage consists of a set of three questions. Read the
passage and answer the questions that follow.

And here is another fact to which attention should be drawn. You would hardly appreciate the
comic if you felt yourself isolated from others. Laughter appears to stand in need of an echo,
listen to it carefully: it is not an articulate, clear, well-defined sound; it is something which would
fain be prolonged by reverberating from one to another, something beginning with a crash, to
continue in successive rumblings, like thunder in a mountain. Still, this reverberation cannot go
on forever. It can travel within as wide a circle as you please: the circle remains, none the less, a
closed one. Our laughter is always the laughter of a group. It may, perchance, have happened to
you, when seated in a railway carriage, to hear travellers relating to one another stories which
must have been comic to them, for they laughed heartily. Had you been one of their company,
you would have laughed like them; but, as you were not, you had no desire whatever to do so. A

0
man who was once asked why he did not weep at a sermon, when everybody else was shedding
tears, replied: "I don't belong to the parish!" What that man thought of tears would be still truer

36
of laughter. However spontaneous it seems, laughter always implies a kind of secret
freemasonry, or even complicity, with other laughers, real or imaginary.

How often has it been said that the fuller the theatre, the more uncontrolled the laughter of the

S
audience! On the other hand, how often has the remark been made that many comic effects are
incapable of translation from one language to another, because they refer to the customs and
ideas of a particular social group! It is through not understanding the importance of this double
R
fact that the comic has been looked upon as a mere curiosity in which the mind finds
amusement, and laughter itself as a strange, isolated phenomenon, without any bearing on the
E
rest of human activity. Hence those definitions which tend to make the comic into an abstract
relation between ideas: "an intellectual contrast," "a palpable absurdity," etc.,-definitions which,
even were they really suitable to every form of the comic, would not in the least explain why the
E

comic makes us laugh. How, indeed, should it come about that this particular logical relation, as
soon as it is perceived, contracts, expands and shakes our limbs, whilst all other relations leave
R

the body unaffected? It is not from this point of view that we shall approach the problem. To
understand laughter, we must put it back into its natural environment, which is society, and
A

above all must we determine the utility of its function, which is a social one. Such, let us say at
once, will be the leading idea of all our investigations. Laughter must answer to certain
requirements of life in common. It must have a social significance.
C

How can one comprehend laughter?

Option 1:
 By looking at the different definitions given to this term

Option 2:
By trying to fathom that it has a purpose for humankind
 Option 3:
 By understanding the different examples provided in the text
 

Option 4:
 By accepting the inherent futility of such a venture

Correct Answer:
By trying to fathom that it has a purpose for humankind

Solution:
Option 2 is the correct answer. Option 1 is incorrect as it has been stated in the passage                 that-
"Hence those definitions which tend to make the comic into an abstract                 relation……….would not in

0
the least explain why the comic makes us laugh."

36
Options 3 and 4 are incorrect as they are beyond the scope of the text. Option 2 is most
                           appropriate as towards the end of the passage it is stated that- "To
                            understand laughter, we must put it back into its natural environment,                             which
is society, and above all must we determine the utility of its                             function, which is a social one."

S
R
E
E
R
A
C
Q. 21 Directions for questions : The following passage consists of a set of three questions. Read the
passage and answer the questions that follow.

And here is another fact to which attention should be drawn. You would hardly appreciate the
comic if you felt yourself isolated from others. Laughter appears to stand in need of an echo,
listen to it carefully: it is not an articulate, clear, well-defined sound; it is something which would
fain be prolonged by reverberating from one to another, something beginning with a crash, to
continue in successive rumblings, like thunder in a mountain. Still, this reverberation cannot go
on forever. It can travel within as wide a circle as you please: the circle remains, none the less, a
closed one. Our laughter is always the laughter of a group. It may, perchance, have happened to
you, when seated in a railway carriage, to hear travellers relating to one another stories which
must have been comic to them, for they laughed heartily. Had you been one of their company,
you would have laughed like them; but, as you were not, you had no desire whatever to do so. A

0
man who was once asked why he did not weep at a sermon, when everybody else was shedding
tears, replied: "I don't belong to the parish!" What that man thought of tears would be still truer

36
of laughter. However spontaneous it seems, laughter always implies a kind of secret
freemasonry, or even complicity, with other laughers, real or imaginary.

How often has it been said that the fuller the theatre, the more uncontrolled the laughter of the

S
audience! On the other hand, how often has the remark been made that many comic effects are
incapable of translation from one language to another, because they refer to the customs and
ideas of a particular social group! It is through not understanding the importance of this double
R
fact that the comic has been looked upon as a mere curiosity in which the mind finds
amusement, and laughter itself as a strange, isolated phenomenon, without any bearing on the
E
rest of human activity. Hence those definitions which tend to make the comic into an abstract
relation between ideas: "an intellectual contrast," "a palpable absurdity," etc.,-definitions which,
even were they really suitable to every form of the comic, would not in the least explain why the
E

comic makes us laugh. How, indeed, should it come about that this particular logical relation, as
soon as it is perceived, contracts, expands and shakes our limbs, whilst all other relations leave
R

the body unaffected? It is not from this point of view that we shall approach the problem. To
understand laughter, we must put it back into its natural environment, which is society, and
A

above all must we determine the utility of its function, which is a social one. Such, let us say at
once, will be the leading idea of all our investigations. Laughter must answer to certain
requirements of life in common. It must have a social significance.
C

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

Option 1:
Laughter does not exist outside the pale of what is strictly human.

Option 2:
Laughter is not inherently impulsive.
 Option 3:
One may find something as beautiful or something as ugly, but it will never be laughable.
 

Option 4:
Indifference is laughter's natural environment, for laughter has no greater foe than emotion.

Correct Answer:
Laughter is not inherently impulsive.

Solution:
Option 2 is the correct answer.

0
Options 1, 3 and 4 cannot be inferred from the passage.

36
Option 2 is the most appropriate as it has been stated- "However spontaneous it seems,                 laughter
always implies a kind of secret freemasonry, or even complicity, with                 other laughers, real or
imaginary". This means that laughter only appears to be                 spontaneous but actually it is not.

Q. 22

S
Directions for questions : The following passage consists of a set of three questions. Read the
passage and answer the questions that follow.
R
Whether anyone likes it or not, classrooms in India are set to become more diverse.The always
heated debate over affirmative action in India has entered a new chapter with the recent
E
Supreme Court decision to uphold the controversial Right to Education Act. This requires
private, non-minority schools that don't receive government support to reserve 25% of their
seats for underprivileged kids. Conceivably, the son or daughter of an investment banker might
E

be sat at a school desk next to the son or daughter of their domestic help.
R

This new frontier of affirmative action in India will help underprivileged kids if they are quickly
integrated and socialized into the mainstream culture of the classroom. It crucially depends on
whether they see themselves as "insiders" rather than "outsiders," a point forcefully made by
A

economists George Akerlof and Rachel Kranton in their award winning book "Identity
Economics." Research from the U.S. strongly suggests that kids' educational performance is
C

closely correlated to how they perceive themselves in relation to the educational aspirations of
those around them.

An important piece of experimental research by economists Karla Hoff and Priyankav Pandey
using Indian data found that kids from historically disadvantaged castes performed just as well
as upper caste kids in aptitude tests such as solving puzzles and mazes. Vitally, this equal
performance happened only when caste identity was not revealed to their peers in the
experiment. In a mixed group, when the researchers revealed everyone's caste identity, the
disadvantaged kids performed fully 20% worse than their peers.

An underprivileged child's background might plausibly be kept hidden in a laboratory

experiment, but it's almost impossible to believe this could be replicated in the real world.
Underprivileged kids will almost certainly be dressed differently, have less fancy accoutrements,
 and will probably lack the self-confidence that accompanies wealth and privilege in India, as in
most other places. This is likely to reinforce what psychologists call the "stereotype threat,"
whereby being reminded of belonging to an underprivileged group creates cognitive challenges
and worsens performance. In fact, this is exactly the mechanism that was at work in the Hoff-
Pandey study.

While the Right to Education Act is too recent to have spawned any scientific research, there is
new evidence on how affirmative action can help undo stereotypes in another important arena,
namely gender.

In 1993, a law in India created reservation for women in leadership positions in village councils.
A study by few economists in the prestigious journal Science looked at the effects of this law. In
many states, at every election one third of village councils were picked randomly to have their
top spot reserved for a woman. The researchers sent out survey teams to almost 500 villages in

0
2006 and 2007, covering those that had the top spot in the local council reserved for women as
well as those without reservation. Compared to villages that had never had reservation, the

36
gender gap in aspirations - as measured by household surveys - narrowed by 25% for parents
and 32% for adolescents in those villages with reservation for two successive election cycles.
The gain was so great that it wiped out the gender gap in aspiration among adolescents: young
women now had the same aspirations as young men in terms of future education and job
market plans.

S
What can be inferred from the research done by economists Karla Hoff and Priyanka
R
Pandey?
E

Option 1:
E

The performance of disadvantaged children depends on whether they're able to manage the
psychological challenges of interacting at close quarters in an unfamiliar and potentially hostile
R

environment.

.
A

Option 2:
The reactions of peers strongly severely affects the performance of disadvantaged children as the latter
C

are always trying to acclimatize themselves within the group.

Option 3:
While the Right to Education Act is too recent to have spawned any scientific research, there is new
evidence on how affirmative action can help undo stereotypes in another important arena, namely
gender.
 

Option 4:
Negative images about disadvantaged children that main-stream most private schools are inevitably
practiced by upper caste kids through their attitudes and hence misconceptions color everyone's
personal socialization experience
 Correct Answer:
The performance of disadvantaged children depends on whether they're able to manage the
psychological challenges of interacting at close quarters in an unfamiliar and potentially hostile
environment.

Solution:
 Option (2) is ruled out as the passage is silent on whether the disadvantaged children try to adapt
themselves with other children or not. Option (3) is a distorted option. The given option is mentioned in the
paragraph in another context. Option (4) is ruled out since what is practiced by upper caste kids is not the
point of concern. The point is to bring out that performance of disadvantaged children is closely related to
their surrounding environment and how they are able to deal with the pressures of that world. Moreover,
the statement preceeding the research done by economists Karla Hoff and Priyanka Pandey states-

0
"educational performance is closely correlated to how they perceive themselves in relation to the
educational aspirations of those around them." This clearly makes option (1) correct.

36
Q. 23 Directions for questions : The following passage consists of a set of three questions. Read the
passage and answer the questions that follow.

S
Whether anyone likes it or not, classrooms in India are set to become more diverse.The always
heated debate over affirmative action in India has entered a new chapter with the recent
R
Supreme Court decision to uphold the controversial Right to Education Act. This requires
private, non-minority schools that don't receive government support to reserve 25% of their
seats for underprivileged kids. Conceivably, the son or daughter of an investment banker might
E
be sat at a school desk next to the son or daughter of their domestic help.
E

This new frontier of affirmative action in India will help underprivileged kids if they are quickly
integrated and socialized into the mainstream culture of the classroom. It crucially depends on
whether they see themselves as "insiders" rather than "outsiders," a point forcefully made by
R

economists George Akerlof and Rachel Kranton in their award winning book "Identity
Economics." Research from the U.S. strongly suggests that kids' educational performance is
A

closely correlated to how they perceive themselves in relation to the educational aspirations of
those around them.
C

An important piece of experimental research by economists Karla Hoff and Priyankav Pandey
using Indian data found that kids from historically disadvantaged castes performed just as well
as upper caste kids in aptitude tests such as solving puzzles and mazes. Vitally, this equal
performance happened only when caste identity was not revealed to their peers in the
experiment. In a mixed group, when the researchers revealed everyone's caste identity, the
disadvantaged kids performed fully 20% worse than their peers.

An underprivileged child's background might plausibly be kept hidden in a laboratory

experiment, but it's almost impossible to believe this could be replicated in the real world.
Underprivileged kids will almost certainly be dressed differently, have less fancy accoutrements,
and will probably lack the self-confidence that accompanies wealth and privilege in India, as in
most other places. This is likely to reinforce what psychologists call the "stereotype threat,"
 whereby being reminded of belonging to an underprivileged group creates cognitive challenges
and worsens performance. In fact, this is exactly the mechanism that was at work in the Hoff-
Pandey study.

While the Right to Education Act is too recent to have spawned any scientific research, there is
new evidence on how affirmative action can help undo stereotypes in another important arena,
namely gender.

In 1993, a law in India created reservation for women in leadership positions in village councils.
A study by few economists in the prestigious journal Science looked at the effects of this law. In
many states, at every election one third of village councils were picked randomly to have their
top spot reserved for a woman. The researchers sent out survey teams to almost 500 villages in
2006 and 2007, covering those that had the top spot in the local council reserved for women as
well as those without reservation. Compared to villages that had never had reservation, the

0
gender gap in aspirations - as measured by household surveys - narrowed by 25% for parents
and 32% for adolescents in those villages with reservation for two successive election cycles.

36
The gain was so great that it wiped out the gender gap in aspiration among adolescents: young
women now had the same aspirations as young men in terms of future education and job
market plans.

S
Following the 1993 law made in India for the reservation of women, why do you think
were surveys conducted in the year 2006 and 2007?
R
Option 1:
E
To show the positive impact on women themselves being able to turn to others in positions of power at
the local level

 
R

Option 2:
To figure out if the presence of women leaders in the community shaped the aspirations of people in
villages
A

Option 3:
To show that village councils led by women are more responsive to women's needs
C

Option 4:
To overturn centuries of ingrained gender stereotypes that had held women back and denied them
leadership positions in the community

Correct Answer:
To figure out if the presence of women leaders in the community shaped the aspirations of people in
villages

Solution:
The answer can be traced from the last paragraph of the given passage. Option (1) is ruled out since there is
no example to prove the same. It is a farfetched statement. Option (3) is ruled out since there is no example
to validate the same. Option (4) is ruled out since a survey can't overturn an "ingrained gender stereotype".
Rather, it is the performance by women themselves that can challenge an existing stereotype against them.
Option (2) is the correct answer as it is stated that the survey saw aspirations of women had now changed
and were similar to men. "Compared to villages that had never had reservation, the gender gap in
aspirations - as measured by household surveys - narrowed by 25% for parents and 32% for adolescents in
those villages with reservation for two successive election cycles. The gain was so great that it wiped out the
gender gap in aspiration among adolescents: young women now had the same aspirations as young men in
terms of future education and job market plans."

Q. 24 Directions for questions : The following passage consists of a set of three questions. Read the
passage and answer the questions that follow.

0
Whether anyone likes it or not, classrooms in India are set to become more diverse.The always
heated debate over affirmative action in India has entered a new chapter with the recent

36
Supreme Court decision to uphold the controversial Right to Education Act. This requires
private, non-minority schools that don't receive government support to reserve 25% of their
seats for underprivileged kids. Conceivably, the son or daughter of an investment banker might
be sat at a school desk next to the son or daughter of their domestic help.

S
This new frontier of affirmative action in India will help underprivileged kids if they are quickly
integrated and socialized into the mainstream culture of the classroom. It crucially depends on
R
whether they see themselves as "insiders" rather than "outsiders," a point forcefully made by
economists George Akerlof and Rachel Kranton in their award winning book "Identity
E
Economics." Research from the U.S. strongly suggests that kids' educational performance is
closely correlated to how they perceive themselves in relation to the educational aspirations of
those around them.
E

An important piece of experimental research by economists Karla Hoff and Priyankav Pandey
R

using Indian data found that kids from historically disadvantaged castes performed just as well
as upper caste kids in aptitude tests such as solving puzzles and mazes. Vitally, this equal
performance happened only when caste identity was not revealed to their peers in the
A

experiment. In a mixed group, when the researchers revealed everyone's caste identity, the
disadvantaged kids performed fully 20% worse than their peers.
C

An underprivileged child's background might plausibly be kept hidden in a laboratory

experiment, but it's almost impossible to believe this could be replicated in the real world.
Underprivileged kids will almost certainly be dressed differently, have less fancy accoutrements,
and will probably lack the self-confidence that accompanies wealth and privilege in India, as in
most other places. This is likely to reinforce what psychologists call the "stereotype threat,"
whereby being reminded of belonging to an underprivileged group creates cognitive challenges
and worsens performance. In fact, this is exactly the mechanism that was at work in the Hoff-
Pandey study.

While the Right to Education Act is too recent to have spawned any scientific research, there is
new evidence on how affirmative action can help undo stereotypes in another important arena,
namely gender.
 In 1993, a law in India created reservation for women in leadership positions in village councils.
A study by few economists in the prestigious journal Science looked at the effects of this law. In
many states, at every election one third of village councils were picked randomly to have their
top spot reserved for a woman. The researchers sent out survey teams to almost 500 villages in
2006 and 2007, covering those that had the top spot in the local council reserved for women as
well as those without reservation. Compared to villages that had never had reservation, the
gender gap in aspirations - as measured by household surveys - narrowed by 25% for parents
and 32% for adolescents in those villages with reservation for two successive election cycles.
The gain was so great that it wiped out the gender gap in aspiration among adolescents: young
women now had the same aspirations as young men in terms of future education and job
market plans.

What do you understand by the term "stereotype threat" used in the passage?

0
 

36
Option 1:
 It is a situation that potentially contributes to long-standing gender and racial gaps in academic
performance.

 
S
R
Option 2:
 It is a situation that refurbishes the performance of individuals who belong to negatively stereotyped
groups.
E

Option 3:
E

 It is a situational predicament in which people feel themselves to be at risk of conforming to an idea that
is held as a standard about their social group and hence affects their quality of work.
R

Option 4:
A

It is a situational predicament that arises from a particular situation, rather than from a person's
personality traits or characteristics.
C

Correct Answer:
 It is a situational predicament in which people feel themselves to be at risk of conforming to an idea that
is held as a standard about their social group and hence affects their quality of work.
 

Solution:
According to paragraph 4, stereotype threat is- "belonging to an underprivileged group creates cognitive
challenges and worsens performance." It does not contribute to any kind of performance. Hence (1) is ruled
out. For the same reason option (2) is ruled out. The use of the term "refurbishes" completely twists the
meaning. Option (4) is ambiguous. There is no basis to make such a claim. Option (3) is the most appropriate
as it talks about- "affecting quality of work" (performance); "feel themselves to be at risk" (cognitive
challenges) etc. Moreover, option (3) very aptly summarizes paragraph 4, which talks about stereotype
threat.

Q. 25 Directions for question :  The following question consists of a paragraph followed by four summaries.
Choose the option that best captures the essence of the paragraph. Type in the option number in the
space provided below the question.

Post-structuralist' is a non- or even anti-name ...the name pins the writer down, makes it
possible to speak species, and offers a bootstrap by which talk about the new theory can raise
itself above the old. But this name also begs the question of another, previous name:
...'structuralism' ... Post-structuralism offered structuralism its last chance to make a science out
of theorizing literature. It is as though the post structuralists represented the culmination and

0
the grand finale of all previous attempts to produce a scientific theory of literature; in this case,
no 'new structuralism' was possible. Perhaps post-structuralism more usefully describes what

36
happened next; it hints, among other things, at both the dangerously over-productive parent
and the contentiously illegitimate offspring. But even this seems too closely to confine, or even
to exclude its subject. In the event we have the equally graphic 'post-structuralism', a term that
seems not to name what we do in the present at all, but rather to re-name structuralism itself,

S
as what we used to do in the past. It provides a post to which structuralism is then hitched,
confining it by means of the shortest tether the language has to offer".
R
(1)  The concepts 'structuralism' and 'post-structuralism' take on a relationship in which the
outmoded 'structuralism' has been redrafted by the improved 'post-structuralism'.
E
(2)  'Post-structuralism' is a body of work that followed structuralism, and sought to
comprehend a world irrevocably dissected into several small parts, just like in deconstruction.
E

(3)  The terms 'structuralist' and 'post-structuralist' are labels imposed for a heterogeneous
R

array of often conflicting or divergent theoretical positions.

(4)  'Post-structuralism', unlike 'structuralism', destabilizes traditional unities of the text and the
A

subject.

 
C

Correct Answer:
1

Solution:
The entire paragraph discusses that structuralism is outdated, it has culminated and has reached its grand
finale. And it is post structuralism that presents this end of structuralism by rewriting it. Post structuralism is
just a re-naming of structuralism. This is aptly summarized in option (1).

Options (2) and (4) are incorrect because they only focus on what post structuralism is  and what it does.

Option (3) is ruled out because it calls the two theories as divergent and conflicting, which                 is not
stated in the paragraph.

Q. 26 Directions for questions : The following questions consist of a paragraph each followed by
four summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the paragraph. Type in
the option number in the space provided below the question.

Plato and Aristotle get a bad rap these days for their rejection of democracy. But the substance
of their objections were spot-on, and not just because they saw that majority opinion is not the

0
same as wisdom. For Aristotle, democracy's fatal problem is that it divides society by pitting the
majority - however slender - against the minority. We're seeing this playing out in America,
where the divide between Republican and Democrat has never been wider, but in elections the

36
winner takes all. We're also seeing this in Britain, where cosmopolitan liberal cities and
conservative communitarian towns and villages view each other with incomprehension.

(1)  The modern day political reality of America and Britain prove Aristotle and Plato's objection
to democracy correct.

S
 (2)  The widening divisiveness of the politics in America and Britain reinforce the validity of
R
Aristotle's criticism of democracy.
E
 (3)  Plato and Aristotle were right in rejecting the synonymous treatment of majority opinion
with wisdom.
E

(4)  People are wrong in criticizing Plato and Aristotle as the two were spot on in their rejection
of the inherent divisiveness of democracy.
R
A

Correct Answer:
2
C

Solution:
Option 1 is wrong - Plato's criticism is not part of the discussion on Britain and America. Option 2 - It
mentions the central focus of the paragraph. Option 3 - It is a conclusion, not a summary. Option 4 - Again, it
is a conclusion, a farfetched one too.
 Q. 27 Directions for questions : The following questions consist of a paragraph each followed by
four summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the paragraph. Type in
the option number in the space provided below the question.

A key 'negative principle' of twentieth-century conservatism has been opposition to socialism

with its progressive and rationalist approach, and to the totalitarian excesses of communism.
The threats posed by radical creeds reinforce the conservative conviction that traditional social
institutions like private property and the family must be upheld. Conservatives do no harbour
any utopian expectation that human beings can become perfect, and so their hope for a well-
ordered society is based on the control of the darker side of human nature and damage
limitation through strong legal controls and a non-permissive moral culture.

(1)  Conservatives are inherently sceptical of the ability of humans to be perfect.

0
(2)  Conservatives believe in social institutions and, hence, they try to protect these by not

36
harbouring any utopian expectation of human perfection.

 (3)  Conservatives, in the 20th century, try to protect their belief from radical threats by legal
controls and a strict moral code.

S
(4)  Conservatives oppose the inherent violence of socialism and take the help of legal controls
and a strict moral code to protect their interest.
R
E
Correct Answer:
3
E

Solution:
The paragraph talks about "conservatism in the 20th century". Every other option talks about conservatism
R

in the general sense. Only option 3 mentions the key point of 20th century. Hence, it is the correct option.
Option 1 - Too narrow.
A

Option 2 - A wrong causal relation. Their disbelief in the utopian system is not a defence mechanism.

Option 4 - Twists the tone by talking about "their interest". It should be "their belief"
C
 Q. 28 Directions for questions : Question consists of a set of five sentences. These sentences need
to be arranged in a coherent manner to create a meaningful paragraph. Type in the correct
order of the sentences in the space provided below the question.

(1)  Christopher Nolan, director of Memento, The Prestige, Inception, Interstellar and the Dark
Knight Trilogy is using some of his considerable industry clout to promote a programme of
newly scrubbed-up 35mm short films by stop-motion animators the Brothers Quay.

(2)  This is a session with a man, usually hammered by fanboy-ish questions, getting a chance to
do a little geeking out.

(3)  This men-behind-the-curtain peek is directed, shot, edited and scored by Nolan, and is
essentially the movie version of a fan winning Wonka's golden ticket and poking around the

0
factory.

(4)  This is no ordinary Q&A .

36
(5)  In addition to In Absentia (2000), The Comb (1991) and Street of Crocodiles (1986), the
collection includes Quay, an eight-minute mini-documentary of the brothers in their cramped,
magical London studio filled with decaying doll parts, screws, wigs chewed by bugs and old
cameras.

S
R
Correct Answer:
E
42153

Solution:
E

Sentence 2 introduces Nolan (a man).

R

Sentence 1 comes up with the identity of this man. Hence, create a mandatory pair. Sentences and
further talk about Nolan's style. Hence, 2153 is a mandatory sequence.
A

Sentence 4 can't fit anywhere but the beginning of the paragraph. It, indirectly, introduces the session under
discussion. Hence, 42153 is the correct sequence.
C
 Q. 29 Directions for questions : Question consists of a set of five sentences. These sentences need
to be arranged in a coherent manner to create a meaningful paragraph. Type in the correct
order of the sentences in the space provided below the question.

        (1)  Nonetheless, she says: "I've gotten really fortunate that Feminist Frequency now has
staff, and there are people who will look at it."

          (2)  Sarkeesian is the founder of Feminist Frequency, a not-for-profit educational

organisation "that analyses modern media's relationship to societal issues such as gender, race
and sexuality".

          (3)  But it's a double-edged sword: not having to regularly process horrific abuse means
Sarkeesian finds it more difficult when she does see it.

0
          (4)  She suffered under Gamergate, the campaign conducted under the guise of
representing those concerned about ethics in game journalism, but which was, in reality, a

36
hashtagged rallying cry for those wanting to harass women in the games industry.

          (5)  As Feminist Frequency tweeted in June of this year, "Gamergate still exists, still
harasses marginalised voices and still affects our daily lives. The abuse has never stopped."

 
S
R
 
E

Correct Answer:
E

24513
R

Solution:
Sentence 2 opens the discussion. It also gives the name of the person in focus. talks                     about her
experience. Hence, become a mandatory pair.   will also                     become a mandatory pair
A

(nonetheless...it counters the idea mentioned in 5).  Sentence 3 comes at the end as it gives a conclusion /
opinion on the issue.
C

 
 Q. 30 Directions for questions : Each of the following questions consists of a set of five sentences.
These sentences need to be arranged in a coherent manner to create a meaningful paragraph.
Type in the correct order of the sentences in the space provided below the question.

(1)  While the market is forecast to quadruple within six years to more than $26 billion,
according to a 2017 study by consultant Wohlers Associates, it's still mostly confined to small
projects and customized businesses rather than mass manufacturing

(2)  Already, the company is working on using additive manufacturing to reduce vehicle weight.

(3)  The executive's pitch highlights the hurdles faced by proponents of industrial 3-D printing.

(4)  "There's still a lot of work to do to make sure we can make additive manufacturing work,"

0
said Alexander Susanek, head of BMW's Plant

 (5)  They say deep-seated reluctance to try the production method is holding back wider

36
acceptance of the technology on factory floors.

Correct Answer: S
R
35142
E
Solution:
is a mandatory pair (reduce vehicle weight - method is holding back).
E

Sentences 1, 4, and 2 make a sequence.

Company's name - a person's opinion - the company

R
A
C
 Q. 31 Directions for questions : Each of the following questions consists of a set of five sentences.
These sentences need to be arranged in a coherent manner to create a meaningful paragraph.
Type in the correct order of the sentences in the space provided below the question.

1)  They are, thus, immersed in widespread inequitable gender norms and attitudes, with
almost half of adolescents agreeing that wife-beating is justified in some situations.

(2)  Moreover, many adolescents are unaware and unprepared to protect themselves from
sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancies.

(3)  Many adolescents are poorly informed about the changes taking place in their bodies and
minds at puberty, and unprepared to deal with them.

0
(4)  We know that this is not happening; studies from around the world show that children are
not getting the information and education they need.

36
(5)  Or they lack the skills to refuse unwanted advances from peers or adults who use coercive
physical or emotional pressure.

Correct Answer:
43251 S
R
Solution:
E
  is a mandatory pair. (Moreover...or they..). adds to the discussion of 4 and 3 (moreover). 1 is the
concluding sentence (thus).
E
R
A
C
 Q. 32 Directions for questions : In each of the following questions, five sentences are given. Of
these, sentences can be logically sequenced to make a coherent paragraph. One of the
sentences does not belong to the paragraph. Type in the sentence number that doesn't fit into
the paragraph.

(1)  Omnipotence and foreknowledge of God utterly destroy the doctrine of 'free will'.

 (2)  It naturally follows by irrefutable logic that we were not made by ourselves, nor live by
ourselves, nor do anything by ourselves, by his omnipotence.

 (3)  It is this that has been such a stumbling block to so many great men down through the
ages.

0
 (4)  It gives the greatest possible offense to common sense or natural reason, that God, Who is
proclaimed as being full of mercy and goodness, should of His own will- abandon, harden and
damn men.

36
 (5)  It seems an iniquitous, cruel, and intolerable thought to think of God.

S
R
Correct Answer:
2
E
Solution:
The correct sequence is 1354. The paragraph is about the omnipotence and foreknowledge of God, which is
E

hard on men and destroys them. 2 is not a part of this paragraph as the entire paragraph is a third person
narrative, however, 2 is in first person, and is hence ruled out.
R
A
C
 Q. 33 Directions for questions : In each of the following questions, five sentences are given. Of
these, sentences can be logically sequenced to make a coherent paragraph. One of the
sentences does not belong to the paragraph. Type in the sentence number that doesn't fit into
the paragraph.

(1)  The 23-times grand slam winner writes that black women have to work eight months longer
to earn the same as their male counterparts do in one year.

 (2)  Black women, moreover, earn 17% less than their white female counterparts.

(3)  In the essay published by Fortune, Serena Williams says that for every dollar earned by men
in the United States, black women earn just 63 cents.

0
(4)  Williams is lucky to pick up a tennis racquet and breakthrough, else she would have been
like the other 24 million women facing wage disparities in the US.

36
(5)  Serena Williams has issued a stirring call for black women to demand equal pay using a
personal essay to highlight the financial disparity they suffer.

Correct Answer:
4 S
R
Solution:
E
The correct sequence is 5312. The paragraph is about Serene Williams' essay on equal pay for black women.
4 is thematically part of the discussion. But it is not a part of this paragraph. 5312 make a mandatory
sequence. Sentence 4 talks about "women" and not "black women". Hence, it is the odd one out.
E

Q. 34 Directions for questions : In each of the following questions, five sentences are given. Of
R

these, sentences can be logically sequenced to make a coherent paragraph. One of the
sentences does not belong to the paragraph. Type in the sentence number that doesn't fit into
A

the paragraph.

(1)  He said, 'language is a system of signs' that has a form, known as the signifier, and an
C

associated idea or concept, known as         the signified.

(2)  In 20th century, Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure pioneered work in semiotics.

(3)  Saussure and other constructionists saw the relationship between signs and meaning as
arbitrary.

(4)  Together the signifier and the signified produce meaning.

(5)  He and his counterparts acknowledge the importance of individual social context.
 Correct Answer:
5

Solution:
The correct sequence is 2143. The paragraph is about Saussure's work in semiotics. It talks about signifier
and signified and their relation to signs and meaning. 5 is not a part of this paragraph as it goes on a
different tangent and talks about the 'individual social context'. This is not related to the logical sequence of
the paragraph

DI and LR

0
36
S
R
E
E
R
A
C
 Q. 1 Directions for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

A leading e-commerce company had a huge order rush during the Diwali week and was
struggling to deliver the orders that it had received. For all the orders that were not delivered as
per the customer’s requested category, the customer was given a credit voucher of Rs. 50 for
each day delay. For example, if a customer had requested same day delivery but the product is
being delivered to him after 2 days, he will get a credit voucher worth Rs. 100. Ordinary delivery
represents delivery in 3 days but in case of delay, credit voucher is not given to the customer.

The table given below represents the number of orders received on each day from October 2,
2017, which was Monday, to October 8, 2017, which was Sunday, and the number of orders
delivered from October 2, 2017 to October 11, 2017.

0
36
S
R
E
E
R

If there are two orders, one is written delayed by x days and the other by more than x days, the
A

company would always deliver the order which is written delayed by more than x days before
the order that is written delayed by x days. The company also tried to ensure that order should
be delivers as per the schedule.
C

What was the number of orders that were delivered late over all the categories? 

Correct Answer:
509

Solution:
Same day Delivery
Next day Delivery

0
36
S
R
Two day Delivery
E
E

Ordinary delivery
R
A
C

Number of orders that were delivered late

 Q. 2 Directions for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

A leading e-commerce company had a huge order rush during the Diwali week and was
struggling to deliver the orders that it had received. For all the orders that were not delivered as
per the customer’s requested category, the customer was given a credit voucher of Rs. 50 for
each day delay. For example, if a customer had requested same day delivery but the product is
being delivered to him after 2 days, he will get a credit voucher worth Rs. 100. Ordinary delivery
represents delivery in 3 days but in case of delay, credit voucher is not given to the customer.

The table given below represents the number of orders received on each day from October 2,
2017, which was Monday, to October 8, 2017, which was Sunday, and the number of orders
delivered from October 2, 2017 to October 11, 2017.

0
36
S
R
E
E
R

If there are two orders, one is written delayed by x days and the other by more than x days, the
A

company would always deliver the order which is written delayed by more than x days before
the order that is written delayed by x days. The company also tried to ensure that order should
be delivers as per the schedule.
C

What was the amount of credit vouchers issued by the company? 

Correct Answer:
32850

Solution:
Same day Delivery
Next day Delivery

0
36
Two day Delivery

S
R
E
E
R

            
A

Ordinary delivery
C

Amount of credit voucher issued by the

company
 Q. 3 Directions for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

A leading e-commerce company had a huge order rush during the Diwali week and was
struggling to deliver the orders that it had received. For all the orders that were not delivered as
per the customer’s requested category, the customer was given a credit voucher of Rs. 50 for
each day delay. For example, if a customer had requested same day delivery but the product is
being delivered to him after 2 days, he will get a credit voucher worth Rs. 100. Ordinary delivery
represents delivery in 3 days but in case of delay, credit voucher is not given to the customer.

The table given below represents the number of orders received on each day from October 2,
2017, which was Monday, to October 8, 2017, which was Sunday, and the number of orders
delivered from October 2, 2017 to October 11, 2017.

0
36
S
R
E
E
R

If there are two orders, one is written delayed by x days and the other by more than x days, the
A

company would always deliver the order which is written delayed by more than x days before
the order that is written delayed by x days. The company also tried to ensure that order should
be delivers as per the schedule.
C

How many orders were delivered late in the category of 2 day delivery order?   

Correct Answer:
87

Solution:
Same day Delivery
 Next day Delivery

Two day Delivery

0
36
SOrdinary delivery
R
E
E
R

Number of orders that were delivered late

A

in the category of two day delivery orders is 87.

C
 Q. 4 Directions for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

A leading e-commerce company had a huge order rush during the Diwali week and was
struggling to deliver the orders that it had received. For all the orders that were not delivered as
per the customer’s requested category, the customer was given a credit voucher of Rs. 50 for
each day delay. For example, if a customer had requested same day delivery but the product is
being delivered to him after 2 days, he will get a credit voucher worth Rs. 100. Ordinary delivery
represents delivery in 3 days but in case of delay, credit voucher is not given to the customer.

The table given below represents the number of orders received on each day from October 2,
2017, which was Monday, to October 8, 2017, which was Sunday, and the number of orders
delivered from October 2, 2017 to October 11, 2017.

0
36
S
R
E
E
R

If there are two orders, one is written delayed by x days and the other by more than x days, the
A

company would always deliver the order which is written delayed by more than x days before
the order that is written delayed by x days. The company also tried to ensure that order should
be delivers as per the schedule.
C

If the number of next day delivery orders got delayed by two or more days is x, what is the value of
(x – 10)?

Correct Answer:
56

Solution:
Same day Delivery
 Next day delivery

0
36
Two day Delivery

S
R
Ordinary Delivery
E
E
R
A
C

 
Q. 5 Directions for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

A public poll was conducted to find the most popular sportsman in the year 2016. The public
poll was conducted in five rounds namely Round I, Round II, Round III ,Round IV and Round V in
that particular order. The same group of 200 people voted in each of the five rounds. The
nominees for the most popular sportsman award were P, Q, R, S, T and U. The following table
provides information about the number of votes received by each of these six nominees in the
given rounds. One person could vote for only one nominee in the given rounds.

0
36
Additional Information:

S
1.       People who voted for P in any round voted for either S or T in the following round.
R
2.       Only those people who voted for Q or U in any round can vote for P in the following
round.
E
3.       People who voted for T in any round voted for either R or U in the following round.

4.       People who voted for S in round I voted for S in each of the next three rounds.
E

Magic number for a nominee is defined as the number of nominees who have got less
R

number of votes than him/her in the same round for exactly two rounds. Find the
aggregate sum of the magic numbers for all the nominees.
A

Option 1:
C

Option 2:
1

Option 3:
2

Option 4:
3
 Correct Answer:
2

Solution:
Magic number for P, Q, R, S is 0 and magic number for T and U is 1. Therefore, required sum is 2.

Q. 6 Directions for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

A public poll was conducted to find the most popular sportsman in the year 2016. The public
poll was conducted in five rounds namely Round I, Round II, Round III ,Round IV and Round V in
that particular order. The same group of 200 people voted in each of the five rounds. The
nominees for the most popular sportsman award were P, Q, R, S, T and U. The following table
provides information about the number of votes received by each of these six nominees in the

0
given rounds. One person could vote for only one nominee in the given rounds.

36
S
R
E
Additional Information:

1.       People who voted for P in any round voted for either S or T in the following round.
E

2.       Only those people who voted for Q or U in any round can vote for P in the following
R

round.

3.       People who voted for T in any round voted for either R or U in the following round.
A

4.       People who voted for S in round I voted for S in each of the next three rounds.
C

Out of the number of people who voted for P in any round, the number of people who
voted for S in the next round is at least

Option 1:
10

Option 2:
11
 Option 3:
9

Option 4:
8

Correct Answer:
11

Solution:
Since out of the number of persons who voted for P in any round, the number of persons who voted for S
should be least, we need to maximize the number of persons who voted for P in any round and then voted
for T in the next round.

0
(Additional Information (1)).

36
 34 persons who voted for P in round I, voted for T in round II. Out of the 39 persons who voted for P in
round II, 36 voted for T in round III and 3 voted for S in round III. Out of the 43 persons who voted for P in
round III, 35 voted for Tin round III and only 8 can vote for S in round IV as out of the 29 persons who voted
for S in round IV, 21 have to be those who voted for S in round I.

S
 (Additional Information IV) Out of the 29 persons who voted for P in round IV, 29 voted for T in round V)
R
Therefore, out of the persons who voted for P in any round, the number of persons who voted for S is at
least

              
E
E
R
A
C
Q. 7 Directions for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

A public poll was conducted to find the most popular sportsman in the year 2016. The public
poll was conducted in five rounds namely Round I, Round II, Round III ,Round IV and Round V in
that particular order. The same group of 200 people voted in each of the five rounds. The
nominees for the most popular sportsman award were P, Q, R, S, T and U. The following table
provides information about the number of votes received by each of these six nominees in the
given rounds. One person could vote for only one nominee in the given rounds.

0
36
Additional Information:

S
1.       People who voted for P in any round voted for either S or T in the following round.
R
2.       Only those people who voted for Q or U in any round can vote for P in the following
round.
E
3.       People who voted for T in any round voted for either R or U in the following round.

4.       People who voted for S in round I voted for S in each of the next three rounds.
E

The number of people who voted for the same nominee across all the five rounds is at most
R
A

Option 1:
36
C

Option 2:
31

Option 3:
35

Option 4:
32

Correct Answer:
32
Solution:
Number of persons who voted for Q in every round is at most (In round II number of persons voting for
Q and U is and respectively and the number of persons voting for P in round III is .) This is possible
when the persons who voted for U in any round always voted for P in the next round. Number of persons
who voted for R in every round is at most (Number of persons who voted for T in every round is at most
the sum total of persons who voted for R and U in round II is ).  Therefore, the number of persons who
voted for the same nominee in every round is at most .   Note: 21(S) means votes for
S.

Q. 8 Directions for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

A public poll was conducted to find the most popular sportsman in the year 2016. The public
poll was conducted in five rounds namely Round I, Round II, Round III ,Round IV and Round V in

0
that particular order. The same group of 200 people voted in each of the five rounds. The
nominees for the most popular sportsman award were P, Q, R, S, T and U. The following table

36
provides information about the number of votes received by each of these six nominees in the
given rounds. One person could vote for only one nominee in the given rounds.

S
R
E
E

Additional Information:

1.       People who voted for P in any round voted for either S or T in the following round.
R

2.       Only those people who voted for Q or U in any round can vote for P in the following
A

round.

3.       People who voted for T in any round voted for either R or U in the following round.
C

4.       People who voted for S in round I voted for S in each of the next three rounds.

Unlucky number for a nominee is defined as the number of nominees who have got more
number of votes than him/her in the same round for exactly three rounds. How many
nominees has zero as there unlucky number?

Option 1:
1
 Option 2:
2

Option 3:
0

Option 4:
4

Correct Answer:
2

Solution:

0
Only R and S has 0 as there unlucky number.

36
S
R
E
E
R
A
C
Q. 9 Directions for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

The following bar - graph provides information about the number of days on which it rained in
India in each of the six months viz. January, February, April, July, August and October of the year
2016.

0
36
The following table provides information about the number of days on which it rained in five
states in India in each of the six mentioned months of the year 2016. Punjab and Haryana are in
Northern India; Kerala and Karnataka are in Southern India; and Maharashtra is in Western
India. Assume that it rained only in the five given states in the year 2016.

S
R
E
E
R

Additional Information

The maximum possible number of days on which it rained in 2016 in exactly one state in
A

southern India in January, February, April, July, August and October are denoted by A, B, C, D, E
and F respectively.
C

The minimum possible number of days on which it rained in 2016 in both Western India and in
Southern India in January, February, April, July, August and October are denoted by P, Q, R, S, T
and U respectively.

What is the value of D?

Option 1:
8
 Option 2:
9

Option 3:
10

Option 4:
11

Correct Answer:
10

Solution:

0
To find the maximum possible number of days on which it rained in exactly one state in Southern India we
need to minimize the number of days on which it rained in both the states in Southern India.The minimum

36
possible number of days it rained in both Kerala and Karnataka in January as .Therefore
maximum value for A is . Similarly it can be calculated for other months.

S
R
Therefore the value of A, B, C, D, E and F are and respectively.The minimum possible
number of days on which it rained in both Western India and in Southern India in January

. Similarly the value of other variables can be calculated.

E
E
R

Therefore the value of P, Q, R, S, T and U  are and respectively.

A

The value of D is

Q. 10 Directions for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.
C

The following bar - graph provides information about the number of days on which it rained in
India in each of the six months viz. January, February, April, July, August and October of the year
2016.
 The following table provides information about the number of days on which it rained in five
states in India in each of the six mentioned months of the year 2016. Punjab and Haryana are in
Northern India; Kerala and Karnataka are in Southern India; and Maharashtra is in Western
India. Assume that it rained only in the five given states in the year 2016.

0
36
S
R
Additional Information
E
The maximum possible number of days on which it rained in 2016 in exactly one state in
southern India in January, February, April, July, August and October are denoted by A, B, C, D, E
E

and F respectively.

The minimum possible number of days on which it rained in 2016 in both Western India and in
R

Southern India in January, February, April, July, August and October are denoted by P, Q, R, S, T
and U respectively.
A

Out of A, B, C, D, E and F, which letter has the maximum value?

C

Option 1:
B

Option 2:
F

Option 3:
D

Option 4:
E
 Correct Answer:
E

Solution:
To find the maximum possible number of days on which it rained in exactly one state in Southern India we
need to minimize the number of days on which it rained in both the states in Southern India.The minimum
possible number of days it rained in both Kerala and Karnataka in January as .Therefore
maximum value for A is . Similarly it can be calculated for other months.

0
Therefore the value of A, B, C, D, E and F are and respectively.The minimum possible

36
number of days on which it rained in both Western India and in Southern India in January

. Similarly the value of other variables can be calculated.

S
R
Therefore the value of P, Q, R, S, T and U  are and respectively.
E
Out of the six mentioned letters, E has the maximum value.
E
R
A
C
Q. 11 Directions for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

The following bar - graph provides information about the number of days on which it rained in
India in each of the six months viz. January, February, April, July, August and October of the year
2016.

0
36
The following table provides information about the number of days on which it rained in five
states in India in each of the six mentioned months of the year 2016. Punjab and Haryana are in
Northern India; Kerala and Karnataka are in Southern India; and Maharashtra is in Western
India. Assume that it rained only in the five given states in the year 2016.

S
R
E
E
R

Additional Information

The maximum possible number of days on which it rained in 2016 in exactly one state in
A

southern India in January, February, April, July, August and October are denoted by A, B, C, D, E
and F respectively.
C

The minimum possible number of days on which it rained in 2016 in both Western India and in
Southern India in January, February, April, July, August and October are denoted by P, Q, R, S, T
and U respectively.

What is the value of S?

Option 1:
14
 Option 2:
15

Option 3:
16

Option 4:
17

Correct Answer:
14

Solution:

0
To find the maximum possible number of days on which it rained in exactly one state in Southern India we
need to minimize the number of days on which it rained in both the states in Southern India.The minimum

36
possible number of days it rained in both Kerala and Karnataka in January as .Therefore
maximum value for A is . Similarly it can be calculated for other months.

 
S
R
Therefore the value of A, B, C, D, E and F are and respectively.The minimum possible
E
number of days on which it rained in both Western India and in Southern India in January

. Similarly the value of other variables can be calculated.

E
R
A

Therefore the value of P, Q, R, S, T and U  are and respectively.

The number of days in July on which it rained in both Western and Southern India that is the value of S is .
C
Q. 12 Directions for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

The following bar - graph provides information about the number of days on which it rained in
India in each of the six months viz. January, February, April, July, August and October of the year
2016.

0
36
The following table provides information about the number of days on which it rained in five
states in India in each of the six mentioned months of the year 2016. Punjab and Haryana are in
Northern India; Kerala and Karnataka are in Southern India; and Maharashtra is in Western
India. Assume that it rained only in the five given states in the year 2016.

S
R
E
E
R

Additional Information

The maximum possible number of days on which it rained in 2016 in exactly one state in
A

southern India in January, February, April, July, August and October are denoted by A, B, C, D, E
and F respectively.
C

The minimum possible number of days on which it rained in 2016 in both Western India and in
Southern India in January, February, April, July, August and October are denoted by P, Q, R, S, T
and U respectively.

Out of  P, Q, R, S, T and U, the value of how many of the letters is zero?

Option 1:
Four
 Option 2:
Zero

Option 3:
Two

Option 4:
One

Correct Answer:
Zero

Solution:

0
To find the maximum possible number of days on which it rained in exactly one state in Southern India we
need to minimize the number of days on which it rained in both the states in Southern India.The minimum

36
possible number of days it rained in both Kerala and Karnataka in January as .Therefore
maximum value for A is . Similarly it can be calculated for other months.

 
S
R
Therefore the value of A, B, C, D, E and F are and respectively.The minimum possible
E
number of days on which it rained in both Western India and in Southern India in January

. Similarly the value of other variables can be calculated.

E
R
A

Therefore the value of P, Q, R, S, T and U  are and respectively.

From the table given above, we can conclude that there is no such month  in which the number of days on
C

which it rained in both Western and Southern India is .

 Q. 13 Directions for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

Six persons–Arjun, Jesse, Chris, Martin, Peter and Ram – took a skill test which judged each of
them on three different skills viz. Flexible skill , Organizational skill and Team skill . On the basis
of the scores obtained by the persons in each of these three skills, a final score called the 'Skill
Score' is calculated for each of the six persons. The following table provides information about
the scores obtained by the six people in each of the three skills. It is also known that the 'Skill
Score' of Ram is not less than that of Jesse.

Skill Score = ( p × flexible score + q  × organizational score + r × team score), where p + q + r = 1

and p, q and r are non negative real numbers.

0
36
The 'Skill Score' for how many of the persons must be integer? 

Option 1: S
R
0

Option 2:
E
1
E

Option 3:
2
R

Option 4:
More than 2
A

Correct Answer:
1
C

Solution:
, where the contribution to the scores obtained in ‘Flexible’ and ‘Organizational’ skills in the
‘Skill Score’ be and respectively. So, the relative contribution of the scores obtained in ‘Team’ skills in
the ‘Skill Score’ will be .  The following table lists down the ‘Skill Score’ of each of the six
persons.            

The following table lists down the ‘Skill Score’ of each of the six persons.                            
Given that the ‘Skill Score’ of Ram is not less than that of Jesse.

0
 The skill score of Peter must be integer.

36
 

              

Q. 14 S
Directions for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.
R
Six persons–Arjun, Jesse, Chris, Martin, Peter and Ram – took a skill test which judged each of
them on three different skills viz. Flexible skill , Organizational skill and Team skill . On the basis
E
of the scores obtained by the persons in each of these three skills, a final score called the 'Skill
Score' is calculated for each of the six persons. The following table provides information about
E

the scores obtained by the six people in each of the three skills. It is also known that the 'Skill
Score' of Ram is not less than that of Jesse.
R

Skill Score = ( p × flexible score + q  × organizational score + r × team score), where p + q + r = 1

and p, q and r are non negative real numbers.
A
C

If the 'Skill Score' of Chris is denoted by C, then which of the following is necessarily true?

Option 1:
   

  
 Option 2:
    

Option 3:

Option 4:

Correct Answer:
   

  

0
Solution:

36
, where the contribution to the scores obtained in ‘Flexible’ and ‘Organizational’ skills in the
‘Skill Score’ be and respectively. So, the relative contribution of the scores obtained in ‘Team’ skills in
the ‘Skill Score’ will be .  The following table lists down the ‘Skill Score’ of each of the six
persons.            

S
The following table lists down the ‘Skill Score’ of each of the six persons.                            
R
E
E
R

Given that the ‘Skill Score’ of Ram is not less than that of Jesse.
A
C

It is obvious that the minimum value of ‘C’ will be , when the value of ’ is . Also, the value of will be
maximum when the value of will be minimum. So, the maximum possible value of will be
So, the maximum possible value of ‘C’ becomes 
 Q. 15 Directions for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

Six persons–Arjun, Jesse, Chris, Martin, Peter and Ram – took a skill test which judged each of
them on three different skills viz. Flexible skill , Organizational skill and Team skill . On the basis
of the scores obtained by the persons in each of these three skills, a final score called the 'Skill
Score' is calculated for each of the six persons. The following table provides information about
the scores obtained by the six people in each of the three skills. It is also known that the 'Skill
Score' of Ram is not less than that of Jesse.

Skill Score = ( p × flexible score + q  × organizational score + r × team score), where p + q + r = 1

and p, q and r are non negative real numbers.

0
36
  If the value of p and q are equal and the skill scores of Martin and Ram is denoted by M and R
respectively, then which of the following statements is/are true?

S
R
E

Option 1:
E

Only I

Option 2:
R

Only II
A

Option 3:
Both I and II
C

Option 4:
Neither I nor II

Correct Answer:
Both I and II

Solution:
, where the contribution to the scores obtained in ‘Flexible’ and ‘Organizational’ skills in the
‘Skill Score’ be and respectively. So, the relative contribution of the scores obtained in ‘Team’ skills in
the ‘Skill Score’ will be .  The following table lists down the ‘Skill Score’ of each of the six
persons.            
The following table lists down the ‘Skill Score’ of each of the six persons.                            

Given that the ‘Skill Score’ of Ram is not less than that of Jesse.

0
36
Let , then must be greater than or equals to and less than or equals to . Using the
values of  the skill score is  tabulated as

            

S
R
 
E
 
E
R
A
C
 Q. 16 Directions for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

Six persons–Arjun, Jesse, Chris, Martin, Peter and Ram – took a skill test which judged each of
them on three different skills viz. Flexible skill , Organizational skill and Team skill . On the basis
of the scores obtained by the persons in each of these three skills, a final score called the 'Skill
Score' is calculated for each of the six persons. The following table provides information about
the scores obtained by the six people in each of the three skills. It is also known that the 'Skill
Score' of Ram is not less than that of Jesse.

Skill Score = ( p × flexible score + q  × organizational score + r × team score), where p + q + r = 1

and p, q and r are non negative real numbers.

0
36
When the score obtained by Arjun in 'Team' skill was increased by 4, the 'Skill Score' of Arjun
became one and a half times the 'Skill Score' of Chris. Find the value of 100r.

 
S
R
Option 1:
E
15
E

Option 2:
40
R

Option 3:
25
A

Option 4:
Cannot be determined
C

Correct Answer:
Cannot be determined
 

Solution:
, where the contribution to the scores obtained in ‘Flexible’ and ‘Organizational’ skills in the
‘Skill Score’ be and respectively. So, the relative contribution of the scores obtained in ‘Team’ skills in
the ‘Skill Score’ will be .  The following table lists down the ‘Skill Score’ of each of the six
persons.            
The following table lists down the ‘Skill Score’ of each of the six persons.                            

Given that the ‘Skill Score’ of Ram is not less than that of Jesse.

0
36
When the score obtained by Arjun in Team skills was increased by , the ‘Skill Score’ of Arjun became one
and a half times the ‘Skill Score’ of Chris 

New ‘Skill Score’ of Arjun Therefore,

But, since the value of

S
is not fixed, therefore the value of cannot be determined.
R
 

Q. 17 Directions for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.
E

Four wholesellers – Ramlal, Shyamlal, Jaadulal, Chunnilal – purchased 4 different brands of

E

sugar at

Rs 24/kg, Rs 48/kg, Rs 84/kg and Rs 108/kg, not necessarily in the same order. Each of them
R

bought a different quantity (in kg) of sugar from among 36 kg, 60 kg, 96 kg and 120 kg in any
order. It is also known that:
A

(i)       Had Shyamlal bought at Ramlal’s price, the expenditure would have been less by Rs 5760.

(ii)      Had Jaadulal bought the sugar at Chunnilal’s price, he would have spent Rs 3600 more.
C

(iii)      The total expenses of each of the 4 persons were different.

If the minimum expense incurred by a wholeseller was Rs 1440, then which wholeseller incurred
the maximum expense?

Option 1:
Ramlal 
 Option 2:
Shyamlal 

Option 3:
Jaadulal 

Option 4:
Chunnilal

Correct Answer:
Shyamlal 

Solution:

0
                        Price          ×  Consumption  =    Expenditure

36
Ramlal                                                        

Shyamlal                                                    

where,       
S
R
                  
E
and             

                   
E

Given,         
R

or                 
A

If  which is not  possible by any of the combinations.

·If which is again not possible.

C

If which is possible for as well as 

 If which is again not possible.

          Hence only value of Therefore and           or and

From statement (ii):

                        Price              Consumption        Expenditure

Jaadulal                                                         

Chunnilal                                                         

Again         &

                 &

Now,        

               

     If which is not possible.

     If again not possible.
     If which is possible.

0
So, we can make the following conclusions.                                                          

36
There will be 2 cases.

Case I:

S
R
E
·   In this case (Case I), quantity purchased by Ramlal cannot be , as in that case expenditure of Ramlal
and Jaadulal would be same.
E

 Case II:
R

 
A
C

This is about case II and in case II, Shyamlal’s expenditure is maximum.

 Q. 18 Directions for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

Four wholesellers – Ramlal, Shyamlal, Jaadulal, Chunnilal – purchased 4 different brands of

sugar at

Rs 24/kg, Rs 48/kg, Rs 84/kg and Rs 108/kg, not necessarily in the same order. Each of them
bought a different quantity (in kg) of sugar from among 36 kg, 60 kg, 96 kg and 120 kg in any
order. It is also known that:

(i)       Had Shyamlal bought at Ramlal’s price, the expenditure would have been less by Rs 5760.

(ii)      Had Jaadulal bought the sugar at Chunnilal’s price, he would have spent Rs 3600 more.

(iii)      The total expenses of each of the 4 persons were different.

0
If it is known that Chunnilal bought 36 kg sugar, then find the difference (in Rs) of expenditure
between Ramlal and Shyamlal.

36
Option 1:
Rs 4812

Option 2: S
R
Rs 4808
E
Option 3:
Rs 4608
E

Option 4:
Rs 5612
R

Correct Answer:
Rs 4608
A

Solution:
C

                        Price          ×  Consumption  =    Expenditure

Ramlal                                                        

Shyamlal                                                    

where,       

                  

and             
                   

Given,         

or                 

If  which is not  possible by any of the combinations.

·If which is again not possible.

If which is possible for as well as 

 If which is again not possible.

0
          Hence only value of Therefore and           or and

36
From statement (ii):

                        Price              Consumption        Expenditure

Jaadulal                                                         

S
R
Chunnilal                                                         
E
Again         &

                 &
E

Now,        
R

               

     If which is not possible.

A

     If again not possible.

     If which is possible.
C

So, we can make the following conclusions.                                                          

There will be 2 cases.

Case I:

·   In this case (Case I), quantity purchased by Ramlal cannot be , as in that case expenditure of Ramlal
and Jaadulal would be same.
 Case II:

This is about case II. So, if Chunnilal bought  sugar, Ramlal would have bought sugar.

 Hence, expenditure of Ramlal

0
 Expenditure of Shyamlal

36
 Hence, required difference

Q. 19 Directions for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

sugar at

S
Four wholesellers – Ramlal, Shyamlal, Jaadulal, Chunnilal – purchased 4 different brands of

Rs 24/kg, Rs 48/kg, Rs 84/kg and Rs 108/kg, not necessarily in the same order. Each of them
R
bought a different quantity (in kg) of sugar from among 36 kg, 60 kg, 96 kg and 120 kg in any
order. It is also known that:
E
(i)       Had Shyamlal bought at Ramlal’s price, the expenditure would have been less by Rs 5760.
E

(ii)      Had Jaadulal bought the sugar at Chunnilal’s price, he would have spent Rs 3600 more.

(iii)      The total expenses of each of the 4 persons were different.

R

If Ramlal bought sugar at Rs 24/kg, then find the difference between expenditures of Jaadulal and
A

Chunnilal.

 
C

Option 1:
Rs 9060 

Option 2:
Rs 12060

Option 3:
Rs 11080
 Option 4:
Rs 10080

Correct Answer:
Rs 10080

Solution:
                        Price          ×  Consumption  =    Expenditure

Ramlal                                                        

Shyamlal                                                    

0
 

where,       

36
                  

and             

                   
S
R
Given,         

or                 
E

If  which is not  possible by any of the combinations.

E

·If which is again not possible.

R

If which is possible for as well as 

A

 If which is again not possible.

C

          Hence only value of Therefore and           or and

From statement (ii):

                        Price              Consumption        Expenditure

Jaadulal                                                         

Chunnilal                                                         

Again         &

                 &
Now,        

               

     If which is not possible.

     If again not possible.
     If which is possible.

So, we can make the following conclusions.                                                          

There will be 2 cases.

Case I:

0
36
·   In this case (Case I), quantity purchased by Ramlal cannot be , as in that case expenditure of Ramlal
and Jaadulal would be same.

 Case II:
S
R
 
E
E

 
R

This is about case I.

A

Expenditure of Jaadulal

 Expenditure of Chunnilal
C

   Required difference
 Q. 20 Directions for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

Four wholesellers – Ramlal, Shyamlal, Jaadulal, Chunnilal – purchased 4 different brands of

sugar at

Rs 24/kg, Rs 48/kg, Rs 84/kg and Rs 108/kg, not necessarily in the same order. Each of them
bought a different quantity (in kg) of sugar from among 36 kg, 60 kg, 96 kg and 120 kg in any
order. It is also known that:

(i)       Had Shyamlal bought at Ramlal’s price, the expenditure would have been less by Rs 5760.

(ii)      Had Jaadulal bought the sugar at Chunnilal’s price, he would have spent Rs 3600 more.

(iii)      The total expenses of each of the 4 persons were different.

0
Which of the following statements are definitely false?

36
          I.    Ramlal bought sugar which is Rs 60/kg less as compared to that bought by Shyamlal.

          II.   Shyamlal bought 36 kg less sugar than what Jaadulal bought.

          III.  Chunnilal spent Rs 1584 more than what Jaadulal spent.

S
          IV. Expenditure of Ramlal could be either Rs 10368 or Rs 10080.
R
E
Option 1:
All are definitely false  
E

Option 2:
II and IV
R

Option 3:
I, II and IV   
A

Option 4:
C

III and IV

Correct Answer:
II and IV

Solution:
                        Price          ×  Consumption  =    Expenditure

Ramlal                                                        

Shyamlal                                                    

 
where,       

                  

and             

                   

Given,         

or                 

If  which is not  possible by any of the combinations.

0
·If which is again not possible.

If which is possible for as well as 

36
 If which is again not possible.

          Hence only value of Therefore

S and           or and

R
From statement (ii):
E
                        Price              Consumption        Expenditure

Jaadulal                                                         

E

Chunnilal                                                         

R

Again         &

                 &
A

Now,        
C

               

     If which is not possible.

     If again not possible.
     If which is possible.

So, we can make the following conclusions.                                                          

There will be 2 cases.

Case I:
·   In this case (Case I), quantity purchased by Ramlal cannot be , as in that case expenditure of Ramlal
and Jaadulal would be same.

 Case II:

0
36
 

I.     This is true in case I.

II.    This is false in both the cases.

III.   This could be true in case II. S

R
IV.   This is false in both the cases.
E
Hence II and IV are definitely false. Hence, option (2).

 
E

Q. 21 Direction for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.
R

Five brothers–Yudhistir, Bheem, Arjun, Nakul and Sahdev – played a game of dice with 18 of
A

their kingdoms and some gold jewelry at stake. The value of each Kingdom was the same. At the
end of the game, it was found that each brother won at least 2 kingdoms and each of them won
an even number of kingdoms. The value of the jewelry won by each brother was positive
C

integral multiple of Rs. 20 billion. The value of the jewelry won by Bheem was equal to the value
of 2 kingdoms. The value of the jewelry won by Bheem was the highest. Sahdev won maximum
number of kingdoms and the number of kingdoms won by Yudhistir was equal to the sum of
the number of kingdoms won by Bheem and Arjun. The value of jewelry won by Bheem was
double of that won by Nakul, but the value of the total assets (values of kingdoms and jewelry
put together) won by Nakul was Rs. 40 billion more than that won by Bheem. The value of the
jewelry won by Arjun was more than that won by Yudhistir but less than that won by Sahdev.

What was the value of the total assets that was at stake in the game of dice?

 
 Option 1:
Rs.960 billion  

Option 2:
Rs. 900 billion 

Option 3:
Rs. 800 billion 

Option 4:
Rs. 720 billion

Correct Answer:

0
Rs.960 billion  

36
Solution:
Number of kingdoms:

Total number of kingdoms at stake is equal to .

S
Each brother has won at least  kingdoms and each one of them has an even number of kingdoms.
R
Sahdev has won maximum number of kingdoms. The number of kingdoms won by Yudhistir is equal to the
sum of the number of kingdoms won by Bheem and Arjun together.
E
This means there can be two possibilities:

Case 1: Bheem , Arjun , Yudhistir , Nakul , Sahdev 

E

Case 2: Bheem , Arjun , Yudhistir , Nakul 4, Sahdev

R

Value of gold jewelry:

A

The value of the jewelry won by each brother is an integral multiple of  billion. The value of the jewelry
won by Bheem is just enough to trade kingdoms against it. The value of the jewelry won by all the other
brothers is less than that won by Bheem.
C

The value of the jewelry won by Arjun is more than that won by Yudhistir but less than that won by Sahdev.

The value of jewelry won by Bheem is double that won by Nakul. Value of total assets (kingdom + jewelry):

Total assets won by Bheem = kingdoms + jewelry worth kingdoms = value of kingdoms

The value of jewelry won by Nakul = half the value of jewelry won by Bheem = value of kingdom

So, total assets with Nakul can be either: kingdoms + jewelry worth kingdom = value of kingdoms (case
1)

or kingdoms + jewelry worth 1 kingdom = value of kingdoms (case 2).

The value of the total assets won by Nakul is more than that won by Bheem. But, in case 1,
value of the total assets won by Nakul ( kingdoms) which is less than that won by Bheem (4 kingdoms).

Hence, this cannot be the correct possibility.

The correct possibility is Case 2:

Total assets won by Nakul = value of kingdoms.

Total assets won by Bheem = value of kingdoms.

Difference = value of 1 kingdom  

Now, in terms of the value of jewelry won: Yudhistir Arjun  Sahdev Bheem (i.e. )

0
Hence, Value of jewelry won by Sahdev , Arjun and Yudhistir

36
Hence total assets won by each of the brothers:

Bheem: Kingdoms = 2 ( ), Jewelry = worth 2 kingdoms Nakul: Kingdoms

 Jewelry = worth 1 kingdom

Yudhistir: Kingdoms ,Jewelry S Arjun: Kingdoms ,

R
Jewelry

Sahdev: Kingdoms , Jewelry

E
 As we can see, the value of the total assets at stake
E

 
R

Q. 22 Direction for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.
A

Five brothers–Yudhistir, Bheem, Arjun, Nakul and Sahdev – played a game of dice with 18 of
their kingdoms and some gold jewelry at stake. The value of each Kingdom was the same. At the
C

end of the game, it was found that each brother won at least 2 kingdoms and each of them won
an even number of kingdoms. The value of the jewelry won by each brother was positive
integral multiple of Rs. 20 billion. The value of the jewelry won by Bheem was equal to the value
of 2 kingdoms. The value of the jewelry won by Bheem was the highest. Sahdev won maximum
number of kingdoms and the number of kingdoms won by Yudhistir was equal to the sum of
the number of kingdoms won by Bheem and Arjun. The value of jewelry won by Bheem was
double of that won by Nakul, but the value of the total assets (values of kingdoms and jewelry
put together) won by Nakul was Rs. 40 billion more than that won by Bheem. The value of the
jewelry won by Arjun was more than that won by Yudhistir but less than that won by Sahdev.

Who won the highest value worth of total assets at the end of the game?
 Option 1:
Yudhistir   

Option 2:
Bheem

Option 3:
Nakul   

Option 4:
Sahdev

Correct Answer:

0
Sahdev

36
Solution:
Number of kingdoms:

Total number of kingdoms at stake is equal to .

S
Each brother has won at least  kingdoms and each one of them has an even number of kingdoms.
R
Sahdev has won maximum number of kingdoms. The number of kingdoms won by Yudhistir is equal to the
sum of the number of kingdoms won by Bheem and Arjun together.
E
This means there can be two possibilities:

Case 1: Bheem , Arjun , Yudhistir , Nakul , Sahdev 

E

Case 2: Bheem , Arjun , Yudhistir , Nakul 4, Sahdev

R

Value of gold jewelry:

A

The value of the jewelry won by each brother is an integral multiple of  billion. The value of the jewelry
won by Bheem is just enough to trade kingdoms against it. The value of the jewelry won by all the other
brothers is less than that won by Bheem.
C

The value of the jewelry won by Arjun is more than that won by Yudhistir but less than that won by Sahdev.

The value of jewelry won by Bheem is double that won by Nakul. Value of total assets (kingdom + jewelry):

Total assets won by Bheem = kingdoms + jewelry worth kingdoms = value of kingdoms

The value of jewelry won by Nakul = half the value of jewelry won by Bheem = value of kingdom

So, total assets with Nakul can be either: kingdoms + jewelry worth kingdom = value of kingdoms (case
1)

or kingdoms + jewelry worth 1 kingdom = value of kingdoms (case 2).

The value of the total assets won by Nakul is more than that won by Bheem. But, in case 1,
value of the total assets won by Nakul ( kingdoms) which is less than that won by Bheem (4 kingdoms).

Hence, this cannot be the correct possibility.

The correct possibility is Case 2:

Total assets won by Nakul = value of kingdoms.

Total assets won by Bheem = value of kingdoms.

Difference = value of 1 kingdom  

Now, in terms of the value of jewelry won: Yudhistir Arjun  Sahdev Bheem (i.e. )

0
Hence, Value of jewelry won by Sahdev , Arjun and Yudhistir

36
Hence total assets won by each of the brothers:

Bheem: Kingdoms = 2 ( ), Jewelry = worth 2 kingdoms Nakul: Kingdoms

 Jewelry = worth 1 kingdom

Yudhistir: Kingdoms ,Jewelry S Arjun: Kingdoms ,

R
Jewelry

Sahdev: Kingdoms , Jewelry

E
As we can see, it is Sahdev who won the highest value of total assets i.e.
E
R
A
C
 Q. 23 Direction for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

Five brothers–Yudhistir, Bheem, Arjun, Nakul and Sahdev – played a game of dice with 18 of
their kingdoms and some gold jewelry at stake. The value of each Kingdom was the same. At the
end of the game, it was found that each brother won at least 2 kingdoms and each of them won
an even number of kingdoms. The value of the jewelry won by each brother was positive
integral multiple of Rs. 20 billion. The value of the jewelry won by Bheem was equal to the value
of 2 kingdoms. The value of the jewelry won by Bheem was the highest. Sahdev won maximum
number of kingdoms and the number of kingdoms won by Yudhistir was equal to the sum of
the number of kingdoms won by Bheem and Arjun. The value of jewelry won by Bheem was
double of that won by Nakul, but the value of the total assets (values of kingdoms and jewelry
put together) won by Nakul was Rs. 40 billion more than that won by Bheem. The value of the
jewelry won by Arjun was more than that won by Yudhistir but less than that won by Sahdev.

0
Which of the following statements is/are true?

36
          I.    The value of jewelry won by Yudhistir was equal to the value of 1 kingdom.

          II.   The value of jewelry won by Yudhistir and Sahdev together was equal to the value of
jewelry won by Bheem.

S
          III.  The difference in the number of kingdoms won by Sahdev and Bheem is equal to 4
R
          IV. The total number of kingdoms won by Nakul and Yudhistir together was equal to the
number of kingdoms won by Sahdev.
E
E

Option 1:
I and II only  
R

Option 2:
III and IV only 
A

Option 3:
C

II and III only    

Option 4:
I and IV only

Correct Answer:
II and III only    

Solution:
Number of kingdoms:

Total number of kingdoms at stake is equal to .

Each brother has won at least  kingdoms and each one of them has an even number of kingdoms.

Sahdev has won maximum number of kingdoms. The number of kingdoms won by Yudhistir is equal to the
sum of the number of kingdoms won by Bheem and Arjun together.

This means there can be two possibilities:

Case 1: Bheem , Arjun , Yudhistir , Nakul , Sahdev 

Case 2: Bheem , Arjun , Yudhistir , Nakul 4, Sahdev

Value of gold jewelry:

The value of the jewelry won by each brother is an integral multiple of  billion. The value of the jewelry
won by Bheem is just enough to trade kingdoms against it. The value of the jewelry won by all the other

0
brothers is less than that won by Bheem.

36
The value of the jewelry won by Arjun is more than that won by Yudhistir but less than that won by Sahdev.

The value of jewelry won by Bheem is double that won by Nakul. Value of total assets (kingdom + jewelry):

Total assets won by Bheem = kingdoms + jewelry worth kingdoms = value of kingdoms

S
The value of jewelry won by Nakul = half the value of jewelry won by Bheem = value of kingdom
R
So, total assets with Nakul can be either: kingdoms + jewelry worth kingdom = value of kingdoms (case
1)
E
or kingdoms + jewelry worth 1 kingdom = value of kingdoms (case 2).
E

The value of the total assets won by Nakul is more than that won by Bheem. But, in case 1,
value of the total assets won by Nakul ( kingdoms) which is less than that won by Bheem (4 kingdoms).
R

Hence, this cannot be the correct possibility.

A

The correct possibility is Case 2:

Total assets won by Nakul = value of kingdoms.

C

Total assets won by Bheem = value of kingdoms.

Difference = value of 1 kingdom  

Now, in terms of the value of jewelry won: Yudhistir Arjun  Sahdev Bheem (i.e. )

Hence, Value of jewelry won by Sahdev , Arjun and Yudhistir

Hence total assets won by each of the brothers:

Bheem: Kingdoms = 2 ( ), Jewelry = worth 2 kingdoms Nakul: Kingdoms
 Jewelry = worth 1 kingdom

Yudhistir: Kingdoms ,Jewelry Arjun: Kingdoms ,

Jewelry

Sahdev: Kingdoms , Jewelry

I. The value of the jewelry won by Yudhistir is half of 1 kingdom

against it. Thus this statement is false.

 II. The value of the jewelry won by Yudhistir and Sahdev ) together is

equal to the value of the jewelry won by Bheem TRUE.

0
 III.   The difference in the number of kingdoms won by Sahdev (6) and Bheem (2) is equal to 4 TRUE

 IV.   The total number of kingdoms won by Nakul (4) and Yudhistir (4) together is not equal to the

36
number of kingdoms won by Sahdev (6). Thus this statement is false.

Q. 24 Direction for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

S
Five brothers–Yudhistir, Bheem, Arjun, Nakul and Sahdev – played a game of dice with 18 of
their kingdoms and some gold jewelry at stake. The value of each Kingdom was the same. At the
R
end of the game, it was found that each brother won at least 2 kingdoms and each of them won
an even number of kingdoms. The value of the jewelry won by each brother was positive
integral multiple of Rs. 20 billion. The value of the jewelry won by Bheem was equal to the value
E
of 2 kingdoms. The value of the jewelry won by Bheem was the highest. Sahdev won maximum
number of kingdoms and the number of kingdoms won by Yudhistir was equal to the sum of
E

the number of kingdoms won by Bheem and Arjun. The value of jewelry won by Bheem was
double of that won by Nakul, but the value of the total assets (values of kingdoms and jewelry
R

put together) won by Nakul was Rs. 40 billion more than that won by Bheem. The value of the
jewelry won by Arjun was more than that won by Yudhistir but less than that won by Sahdev.
A

The brother whose assets value is the second highest decides to distribute the assets among

remaining four brothers in the following way. He will divide his kingdoms equally in all the
C

brothers and divide the jewelry in the ratio of existing jewelry with all four brothers. Find the ratio
of total assets held by Bheem to that by Sahadev after redistribution.

Option 1:

Option 2:

Option 3:
 Option 4:
17 : 44

Correct Answer:

Solution:
Number of kingdoms:

Total number of kingdoms at stake is equal to .

Each brother has won at least  kingdoms and each one of them has an even number of kingdoms.

0
Sahdev has won maximum number of kingdoms. The number of kingdoms won by Yudhistir is equal to the
sum of the number of kingdoms won by Bheem and Arjun together.

36
This means there can be two possibilities:

Case 1: Bheem , Arjun , Yudhistir , Nakul , Sahdev 

Case 2: Bheem , Arjun , Yudhistir , Nakul 4, Sahdev

Value of gold jewelry: S

R
The value of the jewelry won by each brother is an integral multiple of  billion. The value of the jewelry
won by Bheem is just enough to trade kingdoms against it. The value of the jewelry won by all the other
E
brothers is less than that won by Bheem.
E

The value of the jewelry won by Arjun is more than that won by Yudhistir but less than that won by Sahdev.

The value of jewelry won by Bheem is double that won by Nakul. Value of total assets (kingdom + jewelry):
R

Total assets won by Bheem = kingdoms + jewelry worth kingdoms = value of kingdoms
A

The value of jewelry won by Nakul = half the value of jewelry won by Bheem = value of kingdom

So, total assets with Nakul can be either: kingdoms + jewelry worth kingdom = value of kingdoms (case
C

1)

or kingdoms + jewelry worth 1 kingdom = value of kingdoms (case 2).

The value of the total assets won by Nakul is more than that won by Bheem. But, in case 1,
value of the total assets won by Nakul ( kingdoms) which is less than that won by Bheem (4 kingdoms).

Hence, this cannot be the correct possibility.

The correct possibility is Case 2:

Total assets won by Nakul = value of kingdoms.

Total assets won by Bheem = value of kingdoms.

Difference = value of 1 kingdom  

Now, in terms of the value of jewelry won: Yudhistir Arjun  Sahdev Bheem (i.e. )

Hence, Value of jewelry won by Sahdev , Arjun and Yudhistir

Hence total assets won by each of the brothers:

Bheem: Kingdoms = 2 ( ), Jewelry = worth 2 kingdoms Nakul: Kingdoms

 Jewelry = worth 1 kingdom

Yudhistir: Kingdoms ,Jewelry Arjun: Kingdoms ,

0
Jewelry

36
Sahdev: Kingdoms , Jewelry

As second highest total assets will be possessed by Nakul, he will distribute his wealth among all
other brothers. He has 4 kingdoms which will be distributed to all the brothers equally - each will get
one. The ratio of the jewellery held by

S Since Nakul has

jewellery worth Rs 40 billion, Bheem will get additional Rs 16 billion in jewellery and Sahadev will get
additional Rs 12 billion in jewellery. Total asset with Bheem = Kingdoms + Jewellary
R
. Total assets with Sahadev = Kingdoms + Jewellery
Required ratio
E

Q. 25 Directions for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.
E

Twelve software professionals are sitting in a row at an 'IT summit'. The seats are numbered
from 1 to 12, with seat number 1 being the leftmost and 12 being the rightmost. Out of these
R

twelve professionals, four  are from TCS, two are from Infosys, three are from Cognizant and
the remaining are from Wipro. All the four  professionals  from TCS are sitting on the seats
A

which are consecutively numbered and the same is true for all the professionals from Wipro.
The professionals at the end of the row are either from TCS or Infosys but not necessarily from
the same company.
C

If it is known that the professionals from Infosys are at each end of the row and no
professional from Cognizant is next to a professional from TCS, then for which of the
following seat numbers, the employer of professional sitting on it can definitely be
identified?

Option 1:
10
 Option 2:
8

Option 3:
6

Option 4:
2

Correct Answer:
6

Solution:

0
Possibility 1:

36
   

  Probability 2:

S
R
  

 As you can see in each of the above cases, professionals sitting at seat numbers 6 and 7 are from
E
Wipro.
E

            
R

             
A

                                              
C

                                               

      

 
 Q. 26 Directions for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

Twelve software professionals are sitting in a row at an 'IT summit'. The seats are numbered
from 1 to 12, with seat number 1 being the leftmost and 12 being the rightmost. Out of these
twelve professionals, four  are from TCS, two are from Infosys, three are from Cognizant and
the remaining are from Wipro. All the four  professionals  from TCS are sitting on the seats
which are consecutively numbered and the same is true for all the professionals from Wipro.
The professionals at the end of the row are either from TCS or Infosys but not necessarily from
the same company.

If the professional sitting in seat number 1 is from TCS, the Cognizant professionals are next to
each other and the professional sitting on  seat number 11 is from Wipro, then professional sitting
on which of the following seat numbers can be from Infosys?

0
36
Option 1:
8

Option 2:
5
S
R
Option 3:
6
E
Option 4:
either (1) or (2)
E

Correct Answer:
5
R

Solution:
A

Possibility 1:
C

  

Possibility 2:

  

 
 Q. 27 Directions for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

Twelve software professionals are sitting in a row at an 'IT summit'. The seats are numbered
from 1 to 12, with seat number 1 being the leftmost and 12 being the rightmost. Out of these
twelve professionals, four  are from TCS, two are from Infosys, three are from Cognizant and
the remaining are from Wipro. All the four  professionals  from TCS are sitting on the seats
which are consecutively numbered and the same is true for all the professionals from Wipro.
The professionals at the end of the row are either from TCS or Infosys but not necessarily from
the same company.

If the professional sitting on seat number 3 is from TCS and each professional from Infosys is next
to a professional from Wipro, then professional sitting at which of the following seat number must
be from Infosys?

0
36
Option 1:
5

Option 2:
6
S
R
Option 3:
8
E
Option 4:
9
E

Correct Answer:
8
R

Solution:
A
C
 Q. 28 Directions for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

Twelve software professionals are sitting in a row at an 'IT summit'. The seats are numbered
from 1 to 12, with seat number 1 being the leftmost and 12 being the rightmost. Out of these
twelve professionals, four  are from TCS, two are from Infosys, three are from Cognizant and
the remaining are from Wipro. All the four  professionals  from TCS are sitting on the seats
which are consecutively numbered and the same is true for all the professionals from Wipro.
The professionals at the end of the row are either from TCS or Infosys but not necessarily from
the same company.

If professional from TCS is sitting on seat number 1 and professional from Cognizant is sitting on
seat number 6, then professional from Infosys can take which of the following position apart from
12th position?

0
 

36
Option 1:
5Th

Option 2:
11Th
S
R
Option 3:
E
7Th
E

Option 4:
More than one
 
R

Correct Answer:
A

More than one

 
C

Solution:
Possibility 1:

  

11th position

Possibility 2:

  

 7th Position
  Possibility 3:

  5th Position

  Possibility 4:

  

10th Position

And there can be few other solutions also possible. Hence more than one values are possible.

0
 

36
Q. 29 Directions for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

National Institute of Fashion Designing (NIFD) has decided to host a fashion show on October
28, 2017. NIFD has decided to invite fashion designers from across the country for the event.

S
There are a total of 10  fashion designers who are being considered to be invited. These fashion
designers are Manish Malhotra, Rohit Bal, Sabyasachi, Basaba Gupta, Tarun Tahiliani, JJ Valaya,
R
Mandira Wirk, Suneet Varma, Gaurav Gupta, and Mahesh Tripathi. It is also known that:

(i)       Only one of Tarun Tahiliani, Mandira Wirk and Suneet Varma is to be called because last
E
time, when all these fashion designers came for the same fashion show then there were fights
between these designers and NIFD does not want these things to repeat this time.
E

(ii)      Only one of Sabyasachi and JJ Valaya should be invited as there are certain conflicts
R

between the two designers.

(iii)      If Manish Malhotra is to be invited then Rohit Bal must be invited as well.
A

(iv)     Suneet Varma, Gaurav Gupta and Mahesh Tripathi share good rapport among themselves
and thus all of the three should be invited together or neither of the three should be invited.
C

(v)      Rohit Bal and Masaba Gupta cannot be called together as they do not share a good
rapport.

(vi)     Rohit Bal and Gaurav Gupta do not want to compete with each other as they have their
ego issues and they created many problems in other events that happened this year.

(vii)     The number of fashion designers to be invited is not fixed and is tentative, but the
fashion show should be conducted peacefully.

  If Manish Malhotra is to be invited, then what can be the maximum number of fashion designers
that can be invited?
 Correct Answer:
3

Solution:
•  Out of Tarun Tahiliani, Mandira Wirk, Suneet Varma only to be called.

•  Out of Sabyasachi, JJ Valaya only  to be called. Manish Malhotra can     be called together with Rohit Bal
only.

•  Suneet Varma, Gaurav Gupta, Mahesh Tripathi all will be called     together.

•   Out of Rohit Bal, Masaba Gupta only to be called.

•    Rohit Bal, Gaurav Gupta only of them is to be called.

0
If Manish Malhotra is to be invited then Rohit Bal will be invited definitely and hence, we cannot

36
invite Masaba Gupta and Gaurav Gupta and since Gaurav Gupta is not invited, we cannot invite
Suneet Varma and Mahesh Tripathi.

Therefore, fashion designers invited will be - Manish Malhotra, Rohit Bal, (one out of Tarun Tahiliani
or Mandira Wirk) and (one out of Sabyasachi and JJ Valaya)

 Number of fashion designers = S

R
 
E
 
E
R
A
C
 Q. 30 Directions for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

National Institute of Fashion Designing (NIFD) has decided to host a fashion show on October
28, 2017. NIFD has decided to invite fashion designers from across the country for the event.
There are a total of 10  fashion designers who are being considered to be invited. These fashion
designers are Manish Malhotra, Rohit Bal, Sabyasachi, Basaba Gupta, Tarun Tahiliani, JJ Valaya,
Mandira Wirk, Suneet Varma, Gaurav Gupta, and Mahesh Tripathi. It is also known that:

(i)       Only one of Tarun Tahiliani, Mandira Wirk and Suneet Varma is to be called because last
time, when all these fashion designers came for the same fashion show then there were fights
between these designers and NIFD does not want these things to repeat this time.

(ii)      Only one of Sabyasachi and JJ Valaya should be invited as there are certain conflicts

0
between the two designers.

(iii)      If Manish Malhotra is to be invited then Rohit Bal must be invited as well.

36
(iv)     Suneet Varma, Gaurav Gupta and Mahesh Tripathi share good rapport among themselves
and thus all of the three should be invited together or neither of the three should be invited.

S
(v)      Rohit Bal and Masaba Gupta cannot be called together as they do not share a good
rapport.
R
(vi)     Rohit Bal and Gaurav Gupta do not want to compete with each other as they have their
ego issues and they created many problems in other events that happened this year.
E
(vii)     The number of fashion designers to be invited is not fixed and is tentative, but the
fashion show should be conducted peacefully.
E

  What can be the largest number of fashion designers that can be invited for the fashion show?
R
A

Correct Answer:
5
C

Solution:
•    Out of Tarun Tahiliani, Mandira Wirk, Suneet Varma only to be called.

•    Out of Sabyasachi, JJ Valaya only to be called. Manish Malhotra can be called together with Rohit Bal
only.

•    Suneet Varma, Gaurav Gupta, Mahesh Tripathi all will be called together.

•    Out of Rohit Bal, Masaba Gupta only to be called.

•     Rohit Bal, Gaurav Gupta only of them is to be called.

For Largest number of participating fashion designers, as we have the biggest cartel among the
condition between Suneet Varma, Gaurav Gupta and Mahesh Tripathi, we can’t afford to miss any of
the three to have maximum number of fashion designers participating, so these three are coming for
sure.

Since Gaurav Gupta is coming, we can’t invite Rohit Bal, Manish Malhotra, Tarun Tahiliani and
Mandira Wirk as well, but we can invite Masaba Gupta and and one out of Sabyasachi or JJ Valaya.

So maximum number of fashion designers that can participate is at a time.

   Invited fashion designers - Suneet Varma, Gaurav Gupta, Mahesh       Tripathi, Masaba Gupta,
Sabyasachi/JJ Valaya

             Therefore, total number of participants .

0
 

36
Q. 31 Directions for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

National Institute of Fashion Designing (NIFD) has decided to host a fashion show on October
28, 2017. NIFD has decided to invite fashion designers from across the country for the event.

S
There are a total of 10  fashion designers who are being considered to be invited. These fashion
designers are Manish Malhotra, Rohit Bal, Sabyasachi, Basaba Gupta, Tarun Tahiliani, JJ Valaya,
R
Mandira Wirk, Suneet Varma, Gaurav Gupta, and Mahesh Tripathi. It is also known that:

(i)       Only one of Tarun Tahiliani, Mandira Wirk and Suneet Varma is to be called because last
E
time, when all these fashion designers came for the same fashion show then there were fights
between these designers and NIFD does not want these things to repeat this time.
E

(ii)      Only one of Sabyasachi and JJ Valaya should be invited as there are certain conflicts
between the two designers.
R

(iii)      If Manish Malhotra is to be invited then Rohit Bal must be invited as well.
A

(iv)     Suneet Varma, Gaurav Gupta and Mahesh Tripathi share good rapport among themselves
and thus all of the three should be invited together or neither of the three should be invited.
C

(v)      Rohit Bal and Masaba Gupta cannot be called together as they do not share a good
rapport.

(vi)     Rohit Bal and Gaurav Gupta do not want to compete with each other as they have their
ego issues and they created many problems in other events that happened this year.

(vii)     The number of fashion designers to be invited is not fixed and is tentative, but the
fashion show should be conducted peacefully.

If Masaba Gupta is invited then in how many ways, either 3 or 5 fashion designers can be invited?
 Correct Answer:
6

Solution:
•    Out of Tarun Tahiliani, Mandira Wirk, Suneet Varma only to be called.

•    Out of Sabyasachi, JJ Valaya only to be called. Manish Malhotra can be called together with Rohit Bal
only.

•    Suneet Varma, Gaurav Gupta, Mahesh Tripathi all will be called together.

•    Out of Rohit Bal, Masaba Gupta only to be called.

•     Rohit Bal, Gaurav Gupta only of them is to be called.

0
Masaba Gupta is invited for sure as per the question.

36
Hence, fashion designers that cannot be invited - Rohit Bal and therefore Manish Malhotra also.

Fashion designers Invited - (one out of Tarun Tahiliani, Mandira Wirk or Suneet Varma) + (one out of
Sabyasachi and JJ Valaya) + (Suneet Varma.

S
 Gaurav Gupta, Mahesh Tripathi all together, depending on whether Suneet Varma is invited or not).
R
Combinations possible
E
             1)    Tarun Tahiliani, Sabyasachi, Masaba Gupta.

             2)    Tarun Tahiliani, JJ Valaya, Masaba Gupta.

E

             3)    Mandira Wirk, Sabyasachi, Masaba Gupta.

R

             4)    Mandira Wirk, JJ Valaya, Masaba Gupta.

A

             5)    Suneet Varma, Sabyasachi, Gaurav Gupta, Mahesh Tripathi,                     Masaba Gupta

             6)    Suneet Varma, JJ Valaya, Gaurav Gupta, Mahesh Tripathi ,                     Masaba Gupta
C

                    Therefore, Number of ways = 6.

 Q. 32 Directions for questions : Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.

National Institute of Fashion Designing (NIFD) has decided to host a fashion show on October
28, 2017. NIFD has decided to invite fashion designers from across the country for the event.
There are a total of 10  fashion designers who are being considered to be invited. These fashion
designers are Manish Malhotra, Rohit Bal, Sabyasachi, Basaba Gupta, Tarun Tahiliani, JJ Valaya,
Mandira Wirk, Suneet Varma, Gaurav Gupta, and Mahesh Tripathi. It is also known that:

(i)       Only one of Tarun Tahiliani, Mandira Wirk and Suneet Varma is to be called because last
time, when all these fashion designers came for the same fashion show then there were fights
between these designers and NIFD does not want these things to repeat this time.

(ii)      Only one of Sabyasachi and JJ Valaya should be invited as there are certain conflicts

0
between the two designers.

(iii)      If Manish Malhotra is to be invited then Rohit Bal must be invited as well.

36
(iv)     Suneet Varma, Gaurav Gupta and Mahesh Tripathi share good rapport among themselves
and thus all of the three should be invited together or neither of the three should be invited.

S
(v)      Rohit Bal and Masaba Gupta cannot be called together as they do not share a good
rapport.
R
(vi)     Rohit Bal and Gaurav Gupta do not want to compete with each other as they have their
ego issues and they created many problems in other events that happened this year.
E
(vii)     The number of fashion designers to be invited is not fixed and is tentative, but the
fashion show should be conducted peacefully.
E

If Suneet Varma is invited, then the minimum how many persons among, Manish Malhotra, JJ
R

Valaya, Gaurav Gupta and Rohit Bal must be invited?

A

Correct Answer:
1
C

Solution:
•    Out of Tarun Tahiliani, Mandira Wirk, Suneet Varma only to be called.

•    Out of Sabyasachi, JJ Valaya only to be called. Manish Malhotra can be called together with Rohit Bal
only.

•    Suneet Varma, Gaurav Gupta, Mahesh Tripathi all will be called together.

•    Out of Rohit Bal, Masaba Gupta only to be called.

•     Rohit Bal, Gaurav Gupta only of them is to be called.

Since Suneet Varma is to be invited for annual day, Gaurav Gupta and Mahesh Tripathi will also be
invited.

 When Gaurav Gupta is called, Rohit Bal cannot be called. Since Rohit Bal is not called, Manish
Malhotra also cannot to be called. And also from among JJ Valaya and Sabyasachi any one can be
invited. So minimum person among the given must be invited.

Quant
Q. 1 X is the set of the first 100 natural numbers. How many elements are there in X such that when
they are divided by 7 and 8 give different quotients?

0
Option 1:
70

36
Option 2:
71

Option 3:
72
S
R
Option 4:
73
E

Correct Answer:
73
E

Solution:
R

Let us find the elements which give the same quotient when they are divided by and when they are divided
by  . First six natural numbers give quotient when they are divided by and when they are divided by .
A

Similarly the numbers  and give quotient when they are divided by and by .

and give quotient give quotient give quotient   

C

give quotient and give quotient .

Therefore the total number of elements in the set which give the same quotient when they are divided by 
 and

 Therefore, required number of elements

Q. 2 Rahul while counting the number of his friends in a certain base system observed that he had a
total of 100 friends out of which 24 were boys and 43 girls. Which base system did Rahul use?
 Option 1:
9

Option 2:
7

Option 3:
4

Option 4:
5

Correct Answer:

0
7

36
Solution:
Let the required number system be . Then

   

        

         
S
R
   As   is not possible,        
E
 
E

Q. 3 If , then which of the following relations is correct?

R

Option 1:
A

 
C

Option 2:

Option 3:

Option 4:
 Correct Answer:

Solution:

Hence,

Hence, Hence,

0
Q. 4 Find the product of those factors of 126000 that are odd but not multiples of 3.

36
Option 1:

Option 2: S
R
Option 3:
E

 
E

Option 4:
R

Correct Answer:
A

 
C

Solution:
126000 can be prime factorized as

The factors that are odd but not multiples of 3 would include combination of
and i.e factors

These 8 factors are

 The product of these 8 factors

       
 Q. 5 Find the digit at thousand place in

Correct Answer:
9

Solution:

In this expansion, except last 2 terms every other term will end in 4 zeroes.

0
The last four terms are

36
Digit at thousand place .

Q. 6 What is the remainder when   is divided by

S
R
Correct Answer:
E
Solution:
E

In the expansion of both the terms except the last two terms, all other terms are divisible by 121
R

Last two terms of

A

 Last two terms of

C

 Last two terms of

Remainder when  is divided by is same as the remainder when is divided

by . Remainder is
 Q. 7 A, B, and C start running simultaneously along a circular track, having a length of 1.2 km from
the same point, with speeds 6 km/hr, 8 km/hr and 9 km/hr respectively. A and B run in the same
direction but C runs in the opposite direction. How many times will A and C meet anywhere on
the track by the time A and B meet for the first time anywhere on the track?

Correct Answer:
7

Solution:
Time taken by and to meet for first time anywhere on the track    

0
36
 Time taken by and to meet anywhere on the track    

The number of times and meet anywhere on the track by the time and meet each other for the first
time.
S
R
     i.e. , where denotes the greatest integer function.
E
 
E

Q. 8
R

Two cities Y and Z are 300 km apart. Motorist A starts from city Y towards Z at 10 AM and
Motorist B starts from city Z towards Y at the same time. Motorist A travels the first one-third of
the distance at a speed of 20 kmph, the second one-third at 25 kmph and the third one-third at
A

30 kmph. Motorist B travels the first one-third of the total time taken by him at a speed of 20
kmph, the second one-third at 25 kmph and the third one-third at 30 kmph. When will the two
C

Motorists cross each other?

Option 1:
3 : 45 PM  

Option 2:
4 : 54 PM 

Option 3:
4 : 40 PM
 Option 4:
6 : 00 PM

Correct Answer:
4 : 54 PM 

Solution:
Motorist A travels km @ kmph the next km @ kmph and the final km @ kmph. So,
Motorist A will be at a distance of km from city Y after 5 hours, and at a distance of km after

9 hours, and reaches ‘Z’ after hours and mins. Motorist B travels at an overall average speed of
kmph so will take hours for the entire trip So, Motorist B will travel kms in the first 4 hours, next
kms in the next 4 hours and remaining in the final 4 hours So, both Motorists cross each other when
they are in their middle legs. After 5 hours, Motorist A will be at a position kms from city Y. At the same

0
time, Motorist B will be at a distance 105 kms from city Z . The distance between them will be
95 kms . Relative speed = Sum of the two speeds kmph. Time taken 

36
  hours hour and minutes. Both the Motorists started at 10:00 AM.

So, the two Motorists will meet after hours and minutes.

Motorists A and B will cross each other at

S
PM
R
Q. 9 In a parking lot, the number of Maruti cars is 2a% of the total number of cars in parking lot,
where ‘a’ is a natural number. If 20 more Maruti cars enter into the parking lot, then the number
E
of Maruti cars becomes (2a + 6) % of the total number of cars in parking lot. Which of the
following can be the total number of cars in the parking lot initially?
E
R

Option 1:
225
A

Option 2:
230
C

Option 3:
220

Option 4:
235

Correct Answer:
220

Solution:

Let the initial number of cars in the parking lot be Number of Maruti cars
After the addition, total number of cars in the parking lot

The possible values of could be For , the value of

0
Q. 10 Akshay, Manoj and Harshit are employees of  a firm named XYZ. Akshay while working alone

36
takes 3 hours more than twice the time taken by all three working together to complete a piece
of work. To complete the same piece of work, Manoj alone takes five times the time taken by all
three working together and Harshit alone takes 9 hours less than four times the time taken by
all three.

S
          How long (in hours) will it take for Akshay and Harshit together to complete the work?
R
Option 1:
E
8
E

Option 2:
7.5
R

Option 3:
8.5
A

Option 4:
9
C

Correct Answer:
7.5

Solution:
Let Akshay takes 'a' hours, Manoj takes 'm' hours and Harshit takes 'h' hours to finish the work
independently.

If together they take 'x' hours to finish the work, we have

Work done by Akshay, Manoj and Harshit together in 1 hour: 

    

  

(  Number of hours cannot be negative.)

0
Hence, hours,

36
Akshay and Harshit together take 7.5 hours to finish the work.

Q. 11 A and B started a business in partnership with capital contributions of Rs.20,000 and Rs.50,000
respectively. At the end of the year, A receives a salary which is 14.2857% of the profit that

S
remained after payment of the salary. The remaining profits are shared in the ratio of their
capitals. If A receives a total income, which is the sum of his profit and salary, of Rs.6,000 for the
R
year what is the total profit made by the partnership firm in that year?

 
E
E

Option 1:
2000 
R

Option 2:
16000   
A

Option 3:
C

18000

Option 4:
12000  

Correct Answer:
16000   

Solution:
Let the profit remaining to be shared after payment of salary be .

Hence the salary to be paid will be

Total profit

A's share profit

Total profit =

Q. 12 In Mrs. White’s kitchen, Mr. White accidently spilled some milk into a jar of honey. In order to
compensate for the spilling, he decided to replace 100 ml of the mixture by 100 ml of pure
honey such that the ratio of milk to honey in the mixture becomes 5 : 19. If the jar  initially had

0
450 ml of pure honey, then how much milk was spilled into the jar?

36
Option 1:
25ml

Option 2:
150ml
S
R
Option 3:
50ml
E

Option 4:
E

None of the above

R

Solution:
Let the amount of milk that spilled into the jar be x ml. Then the total volume of the mixture
A

Total volume of honey in the jar after 100 ml of mixture was taken out from the jar 
C

Now, total volume of honey in the jar after 100 ml of honey was poured into the jar

 Aslo, total volume of milk is the jar in the final mixture

Ratio
Solving this we get,

Q. 13 In a particular week the average number of people who visited in Trade Fair  from Monday to
Friday was 1.6 million and the numbers of people visited on Saturday and Sunday was same. If
the average number of people who visited in the Trade Fair for the entire  week is 1.4 million
then find the number of people (in millions) who visited in Trade Fair on Saturday?

Option 1:
0.9

Option 2:

0
1

Option 3:

36
1.5

Option 4:
1.3

Correct Answer:
S
R
0.9

Solution:
E
Total number of visitors from Monday to Friday
E

million

Total number of visitors for the whole week

R

million
A

Therefore, number of visitors on Saturday and Sunday million

Since the number of visitors on Saturday and Sunday are same, the number of visitors on Saturday only
C

  million.

Q. 14 A lays  a road in 7 days and B in 8 days. When they work together, their efficiency comes down 
and they together lay km less per day as compare what they were supposed to lay. If the road

is laid in 4 days, what is the length  (in km) of the road laid?
 Option 1:
56

Option 2:
28

Option 3:
35

Option 4:
21

Correct Answer:

0
28

36
Solution:
Let the combined output of A and B per day be x kms.

Actual output of A and B per day be ( ) kms

Out put per day

S
R
Work units
E
Actual out put per day
E

Work units
R

kms
A

Work kms.
C

Q. 15 The quadratic equations 2014 x2 + 2015 x + 1 = 0 and x2 + 2015x + 2014 = 0 have exactly one
root in common. Then the product of the roots that are not common is

Option 1:
1

Option 2:
-2
 Option 3:
-1

Option 4:
0    

Correct Answer:
1

Solution:

0
36
Now,

1st equation then
S
satisfies both the quadratic equations. Hence it is the common root. If  are the roots of
R
E
E

If   are the roots of 2nd equation then

R
A
C

 product of uncommon roots is 

Q. 16 A bucket is filled up to the brim with alcohol. We empty half of its contents and then add a litre
of alcohol. After doing this operation five consecutive times, we are left with 4 litres of alcohol in
the container. How many litres of alcohol was in the bucket at the beginning?

Correct Answer:
66
Solution:
Let be the volume (in litres) of the container.

Let  be the volume of alcohol left at stage .

If we empty half, we are left with  ,and adding a litre alcohol give 

so that 

Repeating this process, we see that

In general, 

0
After repeating these operations times, we have that the container

36
contains   liters of water,

which is equal to . Solving, we get

 Hence the initial amount of water in the container is

  S .
R
 
E
 
E

 
R

Q. 17 Consider the circles, x2 + y2 = 25 and x2 + y2 = 9. From the point A (0, 5) two lines are drawn
touching the inner circle at the points B and C, while intersecting the outer circle at the points D
and E respectively. If 'O' is the centre of both the circles, then the length of the segment OF,
A

which is perpendicular to DE, is

C

Option 1:
7/5 units

Option 2:
7/2 units

Option 3:
5/2 units 
 Option 4:
3 units

Correct Answer:
7/5 units

Solution:

0
,

36
IN  

Similarly,
S
R
In
E

In
E

  Solving (i) and (ii), we get         

R

 
A

Q. 18
If
C

And ,Find the value of P

Correct Answer:
32

Solution:
Given  
  Also,              

 From (i) and (ii), we get

Now,          

0
          

36
Q. 19 A farmer has decided to build a wire fence along one straight side of his property. For this, he
planned to place several fence posts at an interval of 6 m, with posts fixed at both ends of the
side. After he bought the posts and wire, he found that the number of posts he had bought was
five less than required. However, he discovered that the number of posts he had bought would

S
be just sufficient if he spaced them 8 m apart. What is the length (in m) of the side of his
property and how many posts did he buy?
R
Option 1:
E

 
E

Option 2:
R

Option 3:
A

 
C

Option 4:

Correct Answer:

Solution:
Let the number of posts bought be N.

(Since the distance is calculated using the 1st  post it is not included.)
 i.e. ,

Length of property

Q. 20 The ratio of the average of cubes of the first n natural numbers to the average of squares of the
first n natural numbers is    What is the average of the first n odd numbers?                            

                                                                                      
                                                                                          

Option 1:
50

0
Option 2:

36
100

Option 3:
75

Option 4:
25 S
R
Correct Answer:
E
100

Solution:
E

Sum of cubes of first n natural numbers

R

and sum of squares of first n natural numbers

A
C
 As average of first n odd numbers

  Required number

Q. 21
If    the value of 

Option 1:
1

Option 2:
3

0
Option 3:

36
2

Option 4:
0

Correct Answer:
1
S
R
Solution:
E
E
R
A
C

Hence,
 Q. 22 The total number of chocolates with Ram and Lakhan is more than 85 but less than 95. If
Lakhan gives a particular number of chocolates to Ram, then Ram will have eight times the
number of chocolates left with Lakhan. If Ram gives the same number of chocolates to Lakhan,
then Lakhan will have double the number of chocolates left with Ram. How many chocolates
does Ram have?

Correct Answer:
55

Solution:
Let the number of chocolates with Ram be r, the number of chocolates with Lakhan be l and the number of

0
chocolates that has been exchanged be .

36
Therefore, as per the conditions given,

and
S
R
E
On comparing (i) and ((ii) × 3)

We get ,
E
R

Thus,

Therefore the total number of chocolate has to be 90

A

Hence, Ram has 55 chocolates with him.

C

            

            

                
 Q. 23 In a trapezium ABCD, the diagonals AC and BD intersect at the point E. If the areas of DEAB and
DECD are 25 sq. units and 16 sq. units respectively, then find the area (in sq. units) of the
trapezium.

Correct Answer:
81

Solution:

0
In trapezium ,

36
Now,

    

 
S
R
            
E
            
E

Q. 24 Areas of two adjacent faces of a box in the shape of cuboid are 36 cm2 and 45 cm2 respectively.
The measures (in cm) of length, breadth and height of the box are natural numbers. Find the
R

ratio of the smallest possible volume of the box to the largest possible volume.
A

Option 1:
C

Option 2:

Option 3:

Option 4:
 Correct Answer:

Solution:
Two adjacent faces would share an edge. Let's say that this common edge is  and other two edges are 
and . The product of areas of two faces is   Or we can rewrite the same equation as

 volume of box. So for volume to be maximum, should be minimum and for volume

to be minimum, should be maximum. Since a has to be a factor of  and , the maximum and
minimum values of a are and respectively. Hence the ratio of minimum volume to maximum volume is

Q. 25

0
In triangle ABC, a line is drawn parallel to BC such that it intersects AB and AC at point D and E
respectively.  If DE = 6 units, EC = 4 units and BD = 2 units, then which of following can be length
of BC?

36
Option 1:
14 units

Option 2: S
R
13 units
E
Option 3:
12 units
E

Option 4:
11 units
R

Correct Answer:
11 units
A

Solution:
C

By BPT,
Let, 

In 

    

 In 

        

Since, 

0
Therefore, 

36
        

                  

S
R
Q. 26 In the figure given below, two circles with centres A and B respectively touch each other. Angle
between the two direct common tangents to the two circles is 60°. Find the ratio of area of the
larger circle to that of the smaller circle.
E
E
R
A

Option 1:
C

Option 2:

Option 3:

Option 4:
 Correct Answer:

Solution:
Let  denotes the radius of smaller circle and denotes the radius of larger circle.

In 

0
Also, 

36
S
R
Area of larger circle: Area of smaller circle
E
 
E

 
R

Q. 27 In a right angled triangle ABC right angle at C, it is given that BC = 8 cm and CA = 6 cm. A line
dividing the triangle ABC into two regions of equal area is perpendicular to AB at the point X.
Then length (in cm) of BX is
A
C

Option 1:

Option 2:

Option 3:

 
 Option 4:

Correct Answer:

Solution:

0
Let XB be ‘a’,

36
Let XY be ‘b’

As XY divide the area in half,          

    

S
R
Also,
E
E

   
R

Q. 28
A

If roots of the equation represents the length of the sides of a , then the
product of inradius and circumradius of the triangle is:
C

Option 1:

Option 2:
 Option 3:

Option 4:

Correct Answer:

0
Solution:
Let be the roots of the equation.

36
Hence, sides of the are

Let and be the inradius and circumradius of the triangle respectively.

Hence, , where and are the area and semiperimeter of the triangle respectively.

and,  S
R
  product of and
E

As are roots of the equation

E

, and
R

 Hence, .
A

Q. 29 The curved surface area of a right circular cone is 160% more than area of  its base. If the total
C

surface area of the cone is 13860 sq. cm, what is the height (in cm) of the cone?

Option 1:
81

Option 2:
95

Option 3:
98
 Option 4:
84

Correct Answer:
84

Solution:
Total surface area sq.m.

Lateral surface area : Base area

Hence, lateral surface area =  

0
  sq. cm. and base area =   sq. cm. sq. cm.

36
As we know, the base area of a cone is the area of  circle. Let the radius of the base be 'r'.

Thus, or cm

Lateral Surface Area of a cone

S
R
Hence,                cm.
E
Q. 30
If p, q, r are the sides of a triangle, which of the following can be the value of
E

 
R
A

Option 1:
0.25
C

Option 2:
0.3

Option 3:
0.6

Option 4:
0.2

Correct Answer:
0.6
Solution:
Since Arithmetic Mean  Geometric Mean,

   

Since, in a triangle sum of any two sides is always greater than the third side,

0
 

36
 From (i) and (ii), we get,

 
S
  ; Thus, the possible value of    is
R
Q. 31 If where A, B and C represent angles of a
triangle. What is the value of angle C if it is acute?
E
E

Option 1:
60
R

Option 2:
25
A

Option 3:
C

30

Option 4:
45

Correct Answer:
30

Solution:

Squarring,
Squarring,

Adding (i) and (ii)

0
36
, as C is an acute angle.
S
R
Q. 32 One hundred people living in a society who use at least one of the three mobile handsets
among Samsung, Motorola and Apple, are surveyed for marketing purpose. It is found that 80
E
people use Samsung, 50 Motorola and 30 Apple. Five of them are using all the three handsets.
How many of them are using exactly two handsets?
E
R

Correct Answer:
50
A

Solution:
C

Let those who use exactly two phones out of the three be x.

   
 Q. 33 Mansa devi temple Management wants to make a committee of 5 senior citizens to be chosen
from a group of 9 senior citizens who can manage finances. Number of ways in which it can be
formed if two particular persons either serve together or not at all and two other particular
persons refuse to serve with each other, is

Option 1:
41

Option 2:
25

0
Option 3:
30

36
Option 4:
45

Correct Answer:
41
S
R
Solution:
1. When A and B together are selected:
E
Among the 7 persons, we have to choose 5 (in which C and D both are not together)
E

Case I: When both C and D are not selected

Number of ways
R

Case II: When one (only C or only D) selected

A

Number of way

2.    When A and B both are not selected:

C

Case I: When only one of C or D is selected

Number of way

Case II: When both C and D are not selected

Number of ways

Hence, the total number of ways

 Q. 34 Cost of chemical A is Rs.250 per 10 gm and that of chemical B is  Rs.330 per 10 gm. Smita
prepares a mixture by mixing chemical A and B in the ratio 3 : 5. If Smita sold the mixture at
25% profit, then what is the selling price (in Rs.) of 10 gm mixture?

Option 1:
250

Option 2:
425

Option 3:

0
375

36
Option 4:
None of these

Solution:
Since chemicals are in the ratio

S
R
Hence, mixture contain 37.5% chemical A and 62.5% chemical B.
E
Hence, 10 kg mixture contain 3.75 kg chemical A and 6.25 kgs chemical B.
E

Hence, cost of mixture    per 10 kg.

R

Hence, cost of 10 gm mixture

A
C