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Temperature Dependence of Viscosity and Surface Tension: Ferreira Et Al., 2019

The viscosity and surface tension of fluids are thermodynamic properties that depend on temperature. The viscosity of liquids decreases with increasing temperature as the cohesive forces between molecules weaken. The viscosity of gases increases with temperature as molecular collisions and momentum transfer rise. Surface tension decreases with increasing temperature as the intermolecular forces stabilizing the liquid interface become more unstable.

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RAFID ISTAHAD
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42 views

Temperature Dependence of Viscosity and Surface Tension: Ferreira Et Al., 2019

The viscosity and surface tension of fluids are thermodynamic properties that depend on temperature. The viscosity of liquids decreases with increasing temperature as the cohesive forces between molecules weaken. The viscosity of gases increases with temperature as molecular collisions and momentum transfer rise. Surface tension decreases with increasing temperature as the intermolecular forces stabilizing the liquid interface become more unstable.

Uploaded by

RAFID ISTAHAD
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Temperature Dependence of

Viscosity is a measure of a certain


Viscosity fluid’s resistance
and Surface Tension to flow due to its
internal friction. A high viscosity fluid has a trend to resist its motion,
such as engine oil, while a fluid with low viscosity flows easily, such
Introduction:
as water. Surface tension, on the other hand, is a phenomenon that
occurs whenever a liquid is in contact with other liquids or even
gases; then, an interface is established and it acts like a stretched
elastic membrane (Ferreira et al., 2019). Both viscosity and surface
tension are thermodynamic properties of a fluid, and, consequently,
can be derived by means of thermodynamic relations such as
temperature, pressure etc. Here I will discuss how viscosity and
surface tension of fluids depend on temperature.

Temperature dependence of Viscosity:


Dependence of viscosity on temperature is different for liquids and
gases.
Viscosity of liquids:
The temperature dependence of viscosity is a phenomenon by which
the viscosity of a liquid (ƞ) decreases or equivalently its fluidity (ƞ -1)
increases with the temperature. Viscosity of a liquid is a non-linear
function of temperature. At low T’s, it increases sharply, and at high
T’s approaches to a small value asymptotically (Ghatee et al., 2010).
In liquids, the “cohesive forces” between atoms are predominant
compared to it’s “molecular momentum transfer.” That is because
the molecules are closely packed in liquids compared to gases. As a
result, greater cohesive force between the molecules prevents them
to move away from each other in a frequent basis. Now, as the
temperature increases, this cohesive force becomes weaker thus
allows the molecules to move away; resulting in decreasing the
viscosity.
A relation between viscosity and temperature can be expressed as
such:
Ƞ=Ƞ0{1/(1+αT+βT2)}
Where, ƞ is the viscosity of a liquid at temperature T, ƞ0 is it’s
viscosity at 0o C and α and β are substance dependent constants of
the liquid (Defay & Prigogine, 1966).

Viscosity of gases:
In gases, the predominant factor for viscosity is the “molecular
momentum transfer.” It’s because the gas molecules are so far
distant from each other than in liquid that their cohesive force
doesn’t effect it’s viscosity that much. On the contrary, when
temperature increases the molecules in a gas sample start colliding
with each other more. As the number of collision increases the
molecular momentum transfer also increases. Thus resulting in
increasing the viscosity of the gas.
A relation between viscosity and temperature for a gas can be
written as:
Ƞ=Ƞ0+αT─βT2
The strength of surface tension depends on intermolecular forces. As
temperature increases, molecules of liquid become more active and
they move more rapidly; therefore, the intermolecular forces are
more instable. As a result surface tension decreases with increasing
temperature. Therefore,
Surface Tension α 1/temperature

References:
1. Ivaldo Leão Ferreira, José Adilson de Castro and Amauri Garcia (March
1st 2019). Dependence of Surface Tension and Viscosity on Temperature
in Multicomponent Alloys, Wettability and Interfacial Phenomena -
Implications for Material Processing, Rita Khanna, IntechOpen, DOI:
10.5772/intechopen.82307. Available from:
https://www.intechopen.com/books/wettability-and-interfacial-
phenomena-implications-for-material-processing/dependence-of-
surface-tension-and-viscosity-on-temperature-in-multicomponent-
alloys
2. Ghatee, Mohammad & Zare, Morteza & Zolghadr, Amin & Moosavi,
Fatemeh. (2010). Temperature dependence of viscosity and relation with
the surface tension of ionic liquids. Fluid Phase Equilibria. 291. 188-194.
10.1016/j.fluid.2010.01.010.
3. R. Defay and I. Prigogine. 1966. SURFACE TENSION AND ADSORPTION.
Longmans, Green & Co Ltd.
Again, here, ƞ is the viscosity of a liquid at temperature T, ƞ0 is it’s
viscosity at 0o C and α and β are substance dependent constants of
the gas (Defay & Prigogine, 1966).

Temperature dependence of Surface Tension:

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