Level 9/10. Pack 6. Answers.

Page 3. Matrices 1.
1 (a) 3 x 2 (b) 3 x 1 (c) 3 x 3 (d) 1 x 1 (e) 1x4
Page 4.
4  1 1  −1 
2 (a)   (b)   (c) (0 2 0) (d) (5 2 ) (e)  
 −3   −5 5  6

14  3 4 
     3 1  7 7 −1
12 4 −1 
(f) (5 −1) (g)   (h)  (i)   (j)  
8
 
3 7 
   −5 9   6 −6 0 

 5 6 −1
(k) 0 6 0 
 − 
 3 3 7
3 (a)   (b)   (c) (9 9 9 ) (d) (7 6)
 -3 7  0
Page 5. Matrices 2.
 −2   −1 1   4
4 (a)   (b)   (c) (6 2 −2 ) (d) (1 6 ) (e)  
7  1 1 7

 0  3 0
     −4 1  7 3 7 
0 −6 1 
(f) (5 −5 ) (g)   (h)  (i)   (j)  
 0
 
 11 3 
   1 1  −2 −2 −12 

 3 10 7 
(k)  -8 -2 -12 
 
 -3   −1 5 
5 (a)   (b)   (c) (1 1) (d) (8 4 0 )
9  −2 4 
Page 6.
 −3   28 −42   8 −16 24 
6 (a)   (b)   (c) ( 45 −25 ) (d)  
 15   −35 14   −36 20 −12 
 −3 9   −2 6  4 8   −9 27 
(e)   (f)   (g)   (h)  
 12 18   8 12   6 −2   36 54 
7  −2 1  9
7 (a)   (b)   (c) (12 6 −4 ) (d) (0 14 ) (e)  
 -8   4 −1 11
(f) (13 −15 )
Page 7. Matrices 3.
8 (a) (14 16 13) (b) The favourite colours of all the children. (c) blue

Answers. Level 9/10. Pack 6. Page 1. [email protected]

 Page 8.
 58 10 22 
9 (a)(i)   (ii) The numbers of cars, buses and lorries travelling up and
137 25 13 
down the road during the one hour Bill is recording. (iii) up the road
8 0 2
(b) B − A =  
13 3 −1
10 (a) ( 40 85 26 ) (b) peas 3; beans 1; carrots 2.

1 2 0  4 6 2
11 (a)   (b)   (c) Correct diagram
 2 3 4 0 2 4
 −1 
(d) They are congruent. New triangle is triangle ABC translated through   .
2
(e) They are similar. New triangle is triangle ABC enlarged, SF 2, Centre the origin.
Page 9. Matrices 4.
12 (a) 2 x 3 (b) 1 x 3 (c) 2 x 2 (d) 3 x 1 (e) 1 x 2 (f) 3 x 4 (g) 3 x 3 (h) 1 x 1
(i) 3 x 2 (j) 2 x 1
 −4  7  1 3  −2 2 
13 (a)   (b) (0 9 ) (c)   (d)   (e)  
 17  1  −9 11  4 −4 
 19  9  0 
(f) (8 −7 ) (g)   (h)   (i)   (j) (8 2 )
 −11 16   −11
 −3 4   2 9  7 0 5
(k) (7 4) (l) ( 24 −21) (m)   (n)   (o)  
 1 6  −12 2   7 −3 1 
 −7 −14 18   13 9   7 12   −11 −5 
(p) 
6 −16 
(q)   (r)   (s)  
 7  −11 17   −1 12   −5 −3 
 −13 −4 
(t) 
 3 0 

9  −1  0  6  1  5
14 (a)   (b)   (c)   (d)   (e)   (f)  
 −3   −3   −3  1  −7  8
 −9   2  −12 
(g)   (h)   (i)  
9  −4   −13 

4 6   −1 0   0 −4   2 −5   2 4
15 (a)   (b)   (c)   (d)   (e)  
 8 10   3 −1   −1 1  2 7   −5 1 

 0 7  4 18   1 4  8 11
(f)   (g)   (h)   (i)  
11 2  11 7   −2 0   −12 9 

Answers. Level 9/10. Pack 6. Page 2. [email protected]

 Page 10
1 −5  12 
16 (a) NP (b) NP (c)   (d) (0 14 ) (e) NP (f)  
1 1  0

 2  12 2
(g)   (h) NP (i) NP (j) NP (k) ( −4 −1) (l) NP (m)  3 1 
−1 
 3  2

 3 7  −3   −2   16  5  −5 
17 (a)   (b)   (c)   (d)   (e)  2  (f)   (g)  
 5 7 7  3 3  −1   −1 

 1  6 1  1   −2   −12   12 

(h)  −1 1  (i)   (j)   (k)  − 2  (l)   (m)   (n)  
 2  −4   5  3  3  −7   −5 

0
(o)  
 23 
18 (a) x = 1/4 (b) x = 4 y = -2 (c) x = -21/2 y = 2
(d) x = -2 y = -2 (e) x = 3 y = 6 (f) x = 1/3 y = 6
(g) x = 5 y= 2 (h) x = 8 y = 2 (i) x = 0 y = -6
(j) x = -3 y = -1/3 (k) x = 5 y = -2 (l) x = 3 y = 6
(m) x = 2 y= 1 (n) x = 3 y = -1 (o) x = 2 y = -1
19 S − 4N = ( 422 160 408 ) .
Page 11. Matrix Multiplication 1.
1 (a) (43) (b) (22) (c) (-1) (d) (22) (e) (2)
(f) (-22) (g) (53) (h) (53) (i) (-17)

2 (a) 3 (b) 8 (c) 7 (d) 8 (e) 3

(f) 8 (g) -4 (h) 5 or -5 (i) 1 or -6
Page 12.
3 (580) giving $5.80 4 (25.05) giving $25.05
5 (a) (395) giving 395 kg (b) 19.75 kg
6 (a) (225) giving 225 km (b) 45 km/h
Page 13. Matrix Multiplication 2.
 16   32   30   26   −13   −17 
7 (a)   (b)   (c)   (d)   (e)   (f)  
 30   26   16   32   34   −26 
 28   24   27   58   22   −9 
(g)   (h)   (i)   (j)   (k)   (l)  
 29   27   24   13   11   41 
Page 14.
8 (a) (13 34 ) (b) (17 26 ) (c) (13 34 ) (d) (17 26 ) (e) ( −22 20 )

(f) ( −22 −20 ) (g) (13 14 ) (h) ( −26 32 ) (i) (7 −20 ) (j) ( 28 29 )

(k) ( 22 55 ) (l) (34 −4 ) (m) (7 −9 ) (n) ( −9 7) (o) (33 -35 )

Page 15. Matrix Multiplication 3.
 −4   −4 −18 
(b) (17 10 ) (c) (14 −20 26 ) (d)   (e) 
5 
9 (a) (10)
 5  5

Answers. Level 9/10. Pack 6. Page 3. [email protected]

  1 −17 7 
(f)   (g) (7) (h) ( 7 −1) (i) (13 −1 −7 )
4 2 0
 −5   3 −5 
(j)   (k)  
 31  18 −4 
10 (a) (i) 1 x 2 (ii) 2 x 1 (iii) 1x1 (b) (i) 1x2 (ii) 2x2 (iii) 1x2
(c) (i) 1 x 2 (ii) 2 x 3 (iii) 1x3 (d) (i) 2x2 (ii) 2x1 (iii) 2x1
(e) (i) 2 x 2 (ii) 2 x 2 (iii) 2x2 (f) (i) 2x2 (ii) 2x3 (iii) 2x3
(g) (i) 1 x 3 (ii) 3 x 1 (iii) 1x1 (h) (i) 1x3 (ii) 3x2 (iii) 1x2
(i) (i) 1 x 3 (ii) 3 x 3 (iii) 1x3 (j) (i) 2x3 (ii) 3x1 (iii) 2x1
(k) (i) 2 x 3 (ii) 3 x 2 (iii) 2x2
Page 16.
11 (a) NP (b) NP (c) 2 x 2 (d) NP (e) 1 x 1 (f) 2 x 2 (g) 1 x 2
(h) NP (i) 1 x 3 (j) NP (k) NP (l) 2 x 1 (m) NP (n) NP
(o) 2 x 3 (p) NP
8 4
12 (a) (7) (b)   (c) ( 4 −1) (d) NP (e) NP (f) NP (g) NP
 −2 −1 
 6  7 −10   1 −16 
(h)   (i) NP (j) NP (k)   (l)  
 5 7 8   7 14 

 0 −1 8  3 8  15 22 
13 (a)   (b) NP (c)   (d)   (e) NP
 4 −3 18   9 20  6 8

 7 10   0 −1 8 
  1 2  
15 22  4 −3 18 
(f)  (g) NP (h) NP (i)   (j) 
 −3 −4 
   −2 −7   2 0 −3 
 

7 9
 
11 14 
(k) NP (l) 
7 9
 

 40 
14 (a)   (b) United, by 6 points
 34 
15 (a) (580 610 ) (b) Shop A, by 30 cents
Page 17. Communtative Matrices.
 6 13   12 9   11 14   11 14 
1 (a)(i)   (ii)  23 21 (b)(i) 14 11  (ii) 14 11 
 9 27       
1 0 1 0  25 25   11 11 
(c)(i)   (ii) 0 1 (d)(i)   (ii)  29 29 
0 1    15 15   
8 0 8 0  −3 0   −3 0 
(e)(i)   (ii) 0 8 (f)(i)   (ii)  1 4
0 8    5 4  

Answers. Level 9/10. Pack 6. Page 4. [email protected]

  1 0  1 0 0 6  −2 8 
(g)(i)   (ii)  7 8 (h)(i)   (ii)  10 
 −7 8  −  12 −6   −4 

2 (a) -1 (b) 12 (c) 3 (d) 5 (e) 5 (f) -3 (g) -1 (h) any value

3 (a) x = -3, y = 2 (b) x = 3, y = 0 (c) x = 1, y = 3 (d) x = 3, y = 1

Page 18.
 1 2   1 2   7 10 
4 (a) A2 = AA =   = 
 3 4   3 4   15 22 
 7 10   1 2   37 54 
(b) A3 = A2 A =   = 
 15 22   3 4   81 118 
 1 2   7 10   37 54 
(c) AA2 =   = 
 3 4   15 22   81 118 
1 2 5 4  9 4 
(d) AB =   = 
 3 4   2 0   23 12 
 5 4   1 2   17 26 
(e) BA =   = 
 2 03 4  2 4 
 1 2   5 4   -4 -2 
(f) A-B =  − = 
3 4  2 0  1 4 
 1 2   -4 -2  -2 6 
(g) A( A - B) =   = 
 3 4   1 4   -8 10
 7 10   9 4   -2 6 
(h) A2 - AB =  − = 
 15 22   23 12   -8 10 
 7 10   17 26   -10 -16 
(i) A2 - BA =  − = 
 15 22   2 4   13 18 
 -4 -2   1 2   -10 -16 
(j) (A - B)A =   = 
 1 4   3 4   13 18 
 22 15   27 19  12 10  14 10   −2 0 
5 (a)   (b)   (c)   (d)   (e)  
 10 7  0 8 6 4 4 2  2 2
 34 25   −10 −5   34 24   13 10   11 10 
(f)   (g)   (h)   (i)   (j)  
 16 11   −4 −3   16 10  10 3  12 5 
 79 55   84 55   55 40   57 40 
(k)   (l)   (m)   (n)  
 40 24   30 29   22 19   20 17 
Page 19. Identity and Zero Matrices.
5 3 7 2  −1 −2 
1 (a) (i) and (ii)   (b) (i) and (ii)   (c) (i) and (ii)  
 2 4 5 6 2 1

Answers. Level 9/10. Pack 6. Page 5. [email protected]

 9 8 7
 
4 5 6
(d) (i) and (ii) 
3 2 1
 
2 (a) 3x3 (b) 2x2
1 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 3 0
3 (a)   (b)   (c)   (d)   (e)  
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 2  0 3
1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0
4 (a)   (b)(i)   (ii)   (iii)   (iv)  
0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1
Page 20.
0 0 0 0 0 0
5 (a) (i) and (ii)   (b) (i) and (ii)   (c) (i) and (ii)  
0 0 0 0 0 0

 0 0 0
 
0 0 0
(d) 
 0 0 0
 
6 (b) Either x = 0, or y = 0, or both x and y equal zero. No
7 (a) -4 (b) 6 (c) 5 (d) 6
8 (a) Yes (b) No. See, e.g., Q7 (a) and (b) (c) Yes (d) No. Any A and B
where AB≠BA. (e) Yes (f) No. See, e.g., Q7 (c) and (d) (g) No. B = 0
Page 21. Multiple Matrix Multiplication.
1 (a) No (b) Yes 1x3 (c) Yes 2x3 (d) No (e) No (f) Yes 1x1
(g) No (h) No (i) Yes 2x3 (j) Yes 2x2
 −22   11 −4 
2 (a) (-26) (b)   (c) ( −4 −6 ) (d)  
 11   22 −8 
Page 22.

 38 40 
 
PQ =  41 38 
3 (a) (i)
 45 40 
 
(ii) The numbers of doors and windows needed at each site.
 3750 
(b) (i) QR =  
 2550 
(ii) The total cost of the doors and windows at each type of house.

17700 
 
PQR = 17550 
(c) (i)
18750 
 
(ii) The total cost of the doors and windows at each site.
 −2 −3 −1   4 6 2
4 (a) XP =   (b) YP =   (c) On a diagram
 0 1 2 0 2 4
(d) It is a reflection in the y-axis. (e) It is an enlargement, scale factor 2, centre (0 , 0).

Answers. Level 9/10. Pack 6. Page 6. [email protected]

  −4 −6 −2   −4 −6 −2 
(f) XYP =   (g) YXP =  
 0 2 4  0 2 4
(h) They are the same triangle.
Page 23. Inverse of Square Matrices of Order 2 (1).
1 Answers should verify that PQ = I and QP = I.
 1 −1   −3 −2   1 −2   2 3
2 (a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
 −1 2   −4 −3   −1 3   3 5
1 0 9 5  1 1  −5 −7 
(e)   (f)   (g)   (h)  
0 1 7 4  −1 0   3 4
3 (a) x = 10 y = 11 (b) x = -9 y = 16 (c) x = 6 y = 5 (d) x = 3 y = 4
(e) x = -3 y = -7 (f) x = 6 y = 5
Page 24.
Determinants of square matrices of order 2
1 (a) -2 (b) 0 (c) -10 (d) 14 (e) -24 (f) 6
2 (a) 7 (b) 85 (c) −5 12 (d) 3 (e) ±2 (f) − 12
3 (a) 4 (b) 9 (c) 4 (d) 9 (e) k2
 16 11   24 23 
4 (a) (i) 7 (ii) -2 (iii)   (iv)   (v) -14 (vi) -14
 26 17   10 9 
(b) det(PQ) = det(QP) = (detP) x (detQ)
1 0 1 0
5 (a) (i) 2 (ii) (iii) 
1
 (iv)  
0 1
2
0 1
(b) A and B are inverses of each other.
1 1
(c) det A = ( or det B = )
detB detA
 20 0   20 0 
6 (a) (i) 20 (ii) 20 (iii)   (iv)   (b) k = 20
 0 20   0 20 
Page 25. Inverse of Square Matrices of Order 2 (2).
− 2 1   0.1 − 0.3   1 −2 
1 (a)  3 − 1  (b) No inverse (c)   (d)  1 3 
 2 2  0.2 0.4  − 2 2 

 0 − 16   1 2   −1 0  0 1
(e)  − 1 
− 121  (f)  − 1 3
−2 (g)   (h) No inverse (i) 1 0
 4  2  0 1  

 0.6 −0.2   0.4 −0.2 

(j)   (k)   (l) No inverse
 −0.8 0.6   0.2 −0.6 
2 (a) 6 (b) 1 15 (c) -6 (d) 2 12 (e) ±3 (f) 0

 4 11  7 19   3 −5   12 − 32   3 −5 12 
3 (a)   (b)  1 3  (c)  1 2  (d)  0 1  (e)  −1 2 
2 6    −     

 1 12 −9 12   1 12 −9 12   3 −5 12 
(f)  − 1  
3 12  (g)  − 12
  
3 12  (h)  −1 2  . Equal pairs are (e) and (h) ; (f) and (g)
 2
Answers. Level 9/10. Pack 6. Page 7. [email protected]
  1 −3   4 −15   4 −15 
4 (a) x = 15 (b)   (c)   (d)   (e) They are equal.
 −1 4   −5 19   −5 19 
5 a = -2, b = 1, c = 1 12 and d = − 12
6 (a) 1 and 5 (b) 1 and 1
5

Page 26.
Solving equations with matrices
 2 −13   3 −4   0.9 0.5   0.2 −0.4 
1 (a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
 −2 16   −4 6   −0.3 −0.5   −0.4 −2.2 
 3 0  − 6.5 9.5 
(e)   (f)  
 −9 6   2.5 − 1.5 
2 (a) x = -2 y = 10 (b) x = 2 y = 3 (c) x = 5 y = -1
Page 27. Miscellaneous Matrix Questions (1)
 3  2  21   13   −3   −3 −1
1 (a)   (b) ( −3 1) (c)   (d)   (e)   (f)   (g)  
7  2  −4   −7   −6   −12 9 
 −17 −11   2 −5   8 −6   3 −4 
(h)   (i)   (j)   (k)  
 7 −10  0 4   0 −2   3 −8 

0 6  2 −3   −1 2   −2 7   −3 4 
2 (a)   (b)   (c)   (d)   (e)  
10 −2   −1 0   0 −4   5 −9   2 4
 5 −5  3 0  −1 1   −10 17   0 12 
(f)   (g)   (h)   (i)   (j)  
3 3  10 10   1 4  11 7   5 −14 
 −24 0   −6 12 
(k)   (l)  
 48 −30   22 −164 
 −1 −3  6
3 (a) NP (b) NP (c)   (d)   (e) NP (f) ( −12 18 ) (g) ( 7 −2 )
 −1 3   4

 − 5  4 −1 12 
(h) NP (i) NP (j) NP (k)   (l) NP (m)  1 −1 1 
 − 2  2

12 24   2
4 (a)   (b) (24) (c) NP (d)   (e) NP (f) NP (g) (6 −3)
 6 12   2
3 6   6 −9 
(h) NP (i) NP (j) NP (k)   (l)  
 1 −2   2 −5 

 4 −3   2 −1 12   −7 −5 
5 (a) (i) 1 (ii)   (b) (i) 2 (ii)  −3 2 1  (c) (i) -1 (iii)  
 −9 7   2   4 3

 −1 23 2
(d) (i) -3 (ii)  − 2 
1
 3

Answers. Level 9/10. Pack 6. Page 8. [email protected]

 Page 28.
6 p = 5, q = 2, r = -1, s = 22
7 (a) x = -3 y = 0 (b) x = 2 y = − 12 (c) x = -2 y = 6
(d) x = 2 y = -3 (e) x = -4.5 y = -3 (f) x = 8 y = 9
(g) x = 3 y = -1 (h) x = 10 y = 7 (i) x = - 1 12 y = 2 12
(j) x = 2 y = 3 (k) x = -2 y = 1 (l) x = -1 y = 1
8 NB The signs of all six elements in A and B could be the opposite of the ones
shown here.
 3 −2   4  3 2  −7 
(a) A =   B=  (b) A =   B= 
2 5  9 4 1  4
 2 −1  10   2 3  25 
(c) A =   B=  (d) A =   B= 
 −6 5  10   −1 3   −17 
 1 2  12   2 1  −12 
(e) A =   B=  (f) A =   B= 
 −2 3   25   −4 3   34 
 −1   −2  4 1  5 −1   3 2
9 (a)   (b)   (c)   (d)   (e)   (f)  
6  4  −8   −3  3 2   −1 3 

 1 0  1 −1  3 7   5 4  4 5
(g)   (h)   (i)   (j)   (k)  2 1 
3
 −2 1   −2 −1   −7 −17   0 2  2

 4 5  −1 2 
(l)   (m)  
 2 0  1 2
16 18 
10 (a)   (b) − 83 (c) -2 (d) 64
0 4
11 p = 2, q = -1
Page 29. Miscellaneous Matrix Questions (2)
 −1 −1 −3  1 1 3 1 4 4   −1 −4 −4 
1 (a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
1 4 4  −1 −4 −4  1 1 3   −1 −1 −3 
(e) On diagram
(f) They are congruent. New triangle is triangle ABC rotated through 90°,
anticlockwise, about (0 , 0).
(g) They are congruent. New triangle is triangle ABC rotated through 90°,
clockwise, about (0 , 0).
(h) They are identical.
(i) They are congruent. New triangle is triangle ABC rotated through 180°,
about (0 , 0).
 76 
2 (a)   . The mean score in each exam.
 68 
(b) (146 142 144 ) . The total marks scored by each person.
Page 30.
3 (a) u = -16, v = 6 (b) w = 2, x = -2, y = 3, z = 4 (c) a = 2, b = 5

Answers. Level 9/10. Pack 6. Page 9. [email protected]

 (d) c = -1, d = 3, (e) e = 1, f = -7 (f) g = 3, h = 2 (g) j = 2, k = 8
(h) m = 1, n = -1 (i) p = 2, q = 4, r = 5, s = 13
(j) x = 4, y = 2, z = 11, t = 11
 32 0   12 0   321 0
4 (b) (i)   (ii)  0 1  (iii)  0 1 
 0 32   2  32 

 5 3  5 3
5 (a) (i)   (ii)   (b) Either x =0, or y = z (or both). No.
10 6  10 6 
5
6 (a)   (b) x = 5, y = -1
 −1 
 2 0  −1 6 
7 (a) (i)   (ii)  
− 6 − 7  3 − 4
 − 2 141 − 76   2 72 3
  72 3

(b)  3  (c)  1 5  (d)  3 
7 7
4  4 1
 14 7   7 7  14 14 
8 (a) x = 1 or x = 2 (b) y = 1 or y = 1
2

0 1
9 1 0
 
Page 31/32. Matrices and Transformations (Introduction).
1 (a) A’ (4 , 2) B’ (8 , 2) C’ (8 , 4)
O’ (0 , 0) P’ (2 , 0) Q’ (2 , 2) R’ (0 , 2)
(c) Enlargement, scale factor 2, centre (0 , 0).
(d) 4 , 4 . Equal

2 (a) A’ (6 , 3) B’ (12 , 3) C’ (12 , 6)

O’ (0 , 0) P’ (3 , 0) Q’ (3 , 3) R’ (0 , 3)
(c) Enlargement, scale factor 3, centre (0 , 0).
(d) 9 , 9 . Equal

3 (a) A’ (-1 , 2) B’ (-1 , 4) C’ (-2 , 4)

O’ (0 , 0) P’ (0 , 1) Q’ (-1 , 1) R’ (-1 , 0)
(c) Rotation, through 90°, anticlockwise, about (0 , 0).
(d) 1 , 1 . Equal

4 (a) A’ (1 , -2) B’ (1 , -4) C’ (2 , -4)

O’ (0 , 0) P’ (0 , -1) Q’ (1 , -1) R’ (1 , 0)
(c) Rotation, through 90°, clockwise, about (0 , 0).
(d) 1 , 1 . Equal
Page 33. Single Matrix Transformations.
1 (a) (i) A’ (2 , -1) B’ (3 , -1) C’ (3 , -3)
O’ (0 , 0) P’ (1 , 0) Q’ (1 , -1) R’ (0 , -1)
(iii) Reflection in the x-axis.
(iv) y = 0.
(v) 1, 1 . Equal in size, opposite in sign.
(b) (i) A’ (1 , 2) B’ (1 , 3) C’ (3 , 3)
O’ (0 , 0) P’ (0 , 1) Q’ (1 , 1) R’ (1 , 0)
Answers. Level 9/10. Pack 6. Page 10. [email protected]
 (iii) Reflection in the line y = x.
(iv) y = x.
(v) 1, 1 . Equal in size, opposite in sign.
(c) (i) A’ (-1 , -2) B’ (-1 , -3) C’ (-3 , -3)
O’ (0 , 0) P’ (0 , -1) Q’ (-1 , -1) R’ (-1 , 0)
(iii) Reflection in the line y = -x.
(iv) y = -x.
(v) 1, 1 . Equal in size, opposite in sign.
(d) (i) A’ (2 , 3) B’ (3 , 4) C’ (3 , 6)
O’ (0 , 0) P’ (1 , 1) Q’ (1 , 2) R’ (0 , 1)
(iii) Shear, with the y-axis invariant mapping (1 , 1) to (1 , 2).
(iv) x = 0.
(v) 1, 1 . Equal.
(e) (i) A’ (3 , 1) B’ (4 , 1) C’ (6 , 3)
O’ (0 , 0) P’ (1 , 0) Q’ (2 , 1) R’ (1 , 1)
(iii) Shear, with the x-axis invariant mapping (1 , 1) to (2 , 1).
(iv) y = 0.
(v) 1, 1 . Equal.
(f) (i) A’ (2 , 2) B’ (3 , 2) C’ (3 , 6)
O’ (0 , 0) P’ (1 , 0) Q’ (1 , 2) R’ (0 , 2)
(iii) One-way stretch, x-axis invariant scale factor 2.
(iv) y = 0.
(v) 2, 2 . Equal.
(g) (i) A’ (4 , 1) B’ (6 , 1) C’ (6 , 3)
O’ (0 , 0) P’ (2 , 0) Q’ (2 , 1) R’ (0 , 1)
(iii) One-way stretch, y-axis invariant scale factor 2.
(iv) x = 0.
(v) 2, 2 . Equal.
(h) (i) A’ (2 , 1) B’ (3 , 1) C’ (3 , 3)
O’ (0 , 0) P’ (1 , 0) Q’ (1 , 1) R’ (0 , 1)
(iii) No change. Object and image shapes are identical.
(iv) All lines!
(v) 1, 1 . Equal.
Page 34.
2(a) (i) A’ (1 , 1
2 ) B’ ( 1 12 , 12 ) C’ ( 1 12 , 1 12 )
O’ (0 , 0) P’ ( 12 , 0) Q’ ( 12 , 12 ) R’ (0 , 12 )
(iii) Enlargement.
(iv) 1
4 , 14 . Equal.
(v) Scale factor 12 , centre (0 , 0).
(b) (i) A’ (-4 , -2) B’ (-6 , -2) C’ (-6 , -6)
O’ (0 , 0) P’ (-2 , 0) Q’ (-2 , -2) R’ (0 , -2)
(iii) Enlargement.
(iv) 4, 4. Equal.
(v) Scale factor -2, centre (0 , 0).
(c) (i) A’ (2 , 3) B’ (3 , 3) C’ (3 , 9)
O’ (0 , 0) P’ (1 , 0) Q’ (1 , 3) R’ (0 , 3)
(iii) One-way stretch.
(iv) 3, 3 . Equal.
(v) Parallel to the y-axis : y = 0.
Answers. Level 9/10. Pack 6. Page 11. [email protected]
 (d) (i) A’ (6 , 1) B’ (9 , 1) C’ (9 , 3)
O’ (0 , 0) P’ (3 , 0) Q’ (3 , 1) R’ (0 , 1)
(iii) One-way stretch.
(iv) 3, 3 . Equal.
(v) Parallel to the x-axis : x = 0.
(e) (i) A’ (2 , -2) B’ (3 , -2) C’ (3 , -6)
O’ (0 , 0) P’ (1 , 0) Q’ (1 , -2) R’ (0 , -2)
(iii) One-way stretch.
(iv) 2, 2 . Equal in size, opposite in sign.
(v) Parallel to the y-axis : y = 0.
3 (i) A’ (1 , 0) B’ (1 , -1) C’ (3 , 3)
O’ (0 , 0) P’ (0 , -1) Q’ (1 , 1) R’ (1 , 2)
(iii) Shear.
(iv) y = x.
(v) Parallel to the line y = x.
4 (i) A’ (-1 , 4) B’ (-1 , 5) C’ (-3 , 9)
O’ (0 , 0) P’ (0 , 1) Q’ (-1 , 3) R’ (-1 , 2)
(iii) Shear.
(iv) y = -x.
(v) Parallel to the line y = -x.
Page 35 Multiple Matrix Transformations (1).
Page 36.
1 (a) P(-1 , 2) Q(-1 , 4) R(-2 , 4) (b) X(-1, -2) Y(-1, -4) Z(-2, -4)
 0 −1 
(c)  1 0  (d) Reflection in the line y = -x
− 
2 (a) A’(1 , -2) B’(1 , -4) C’(2 , -4) (b) A’’(-1 , -2) B’’(-3 , -4) C’’(-2 , -4)
(c) First: Rotation, through 90°, clockwise, about (0 , 0).
Second: Shear with the x-axis invariant, mapping (2 , 1) to (3 , 1).
 −1 1 
(d)  1 0
− 
3 (a) A’(-1 , 0) B’(-3 , 0) C’(-3 , 1) D’(-1 , 1)
(b) A’’(-1 , 0) B’’(-3 , 0) C’’(-3 , 2) D’’(-1 , 2)
(c) First: Reflection in the y-axis.
Second: One-way stretch, scale factor 2 with the x-axis invariant.
 −1 0 
(d)  0 2
 
4 (a) A’(1 , 2) B’(1 , 4) C’(2 , 4) (b) A’’(-2 , 1) B’’(-4 , 1) C’’(-4 , 2)
(c) First: Reflection in the line y = x.
Second: Rotation, through 90°, anticlockwise, about (0 , 0).
 −1 0 
(d)   Reflection in the y-axis.
 0 1
Page 37. Multiple Matrix Transformations (2).
1 (a) A’(1 , 0) B’(3 , 0) C’(3 , 2) D’(1 , 2)
(b) A’’(-1 , 0) B’’(-3 , 0) C’’(-3 , -2) D’’(-1 , -2)
(c) A’’’(-2 , 0) B’’’(-6 , 0) C’’’(-6 , -2) D’’’(-2 , -2)
(d) First: One-way stretch, scale factor 2 with the x-axis invariant.
Second: Rotation through 180° about the origin.

Answers. Level 9/10. Pack 6. Page 12. [email protected]

 Third: One-way stretch, scale factor 2 with the y-axis invariant.
 −2 0 
(e)   Enlargement, scale factor -2, centre (0 , 0).
 0 −2 
2 (a) (1 , 1) (1 , 3) and (2 , 3)
(b) (1 , -1) (1 , -3) and (2 , -3)
(c) (-1 , 1) (-1 , 3) and (-2 , 3)
 −1 0 
(d) Rotation through 180° about the origin.  
 0 −1 
 0 1
3 Rotation, through 90°, clockwise, about (0 , 0).  
 −1 0 
Page 38.
 0 −1 
4 Reflection in the line y = -x.  
 −1 0 
5 Shear with the x-axis invariant, mapping (1 , 1) to (2 , 1).
6 Shear with the y-axis invariant, mapping (1 , 1) to (1 , 3).
7 (a) Shear with the x-axis invariant, mapping (1 , 1) to (4 , 1).
 1 12 
(b)(i)   (ii) Shear with the x-axis invariant, mapping (1 , 1) to (13 , 1).
0 1 
1 0 
8 (a)  0 1 (b) ) A’(1, 0) B’(3 , 0 ) C’(3 , 1) D’(1 , 1)
 − 
(c) It is the identity transformation. The image is identical to the object.
9 (a) (0 , 0) (0 , 2) (-3 , 2) (-3 , 1)
One-way stretch, scale factor 3 with the x-axis invariant, followed by a
rotation, through 90°, anticlockwise, about (0 , 0).
(b) (0 , 0) (-6 , 0) (-6 , -3) (-3 , -3)
Enlargement, scale factor -3, centre (0 , 0).
Page 39. Inverse Transformations and Inverse Matrices.
1 (a) a rotation, about the origin, through 90° clockwise;
(b) an enlargement, centre the origin, with scale factor 12 ;
(c) a reflection in the x-axis;
(d) a reflection in the line y = x;
(e) a one-way stretch, y-axis invariant, scale factor 13 ;
(f) a shear, x-axis invariant, mapping (1 , 1) onto (-1 , 1).
(c) and (d)
 −1 0   − 12 0 
2 (a) (i)  0 1  (ii) Yes (b) (i)  
   0 − 12  (ii) No

1 0  −1 0 
(c) (i)  0 1  (ii) No (d) (i) 0  (ii) Yes
 3  −1 

 0 −1   1 0
(e) (i)  1 0  (ii) Yes (f) (i)   (ii) No
−   −1 1 

Answers. Level 9/10. Pack 6. Page 13. [email protected]

  0 −1  0 1  −1 0 
3 (a) (i)   (ii)   (iii)   (iv) No
1 0   −1 0   0 −1

2 0  12 0  4 0
(b) (i)   (ii)  0 1  (iii)   (iv) No
0 2  2 0 4

1 0  1 0  1 0
(c) (i)   (ii)   (iii)   (iv) Yes
 0 −1  0 −1 0 1
0 1 0 1 1 0
(d) (i)   (ii)   (iii)   (iv) Yes
1 0 1 0 0 1

3 0  13 0  9 0
(e) (i)   (ii)  0 1  (iii)   (iv) No
0 1   0 1

1 2  1 −2  1 4
(f) (i)   (ii)   (iii)   (iv) No
0 1 0 1  0 1
1 0 1 0  1 0 1 3 
4 (a) (i)   (ii)   (b) (i)   (ii)  
0 1  0 −1 0 1  0 −1
1 0  −1 2  1 0 1 0 
(c) (i)   (ii)   (d) (i)   (ii)  
0 1  0 1 0 1  2 −1 
1 0  −1 0  1 0 2 1
(e) (i)   (ii)   (f) (i)   (ii)  
0 1  −3 1  0 1  −3 −2 
Page 40.
5 (a) and (b) The parallelogram is the image of the square and vice versa.
(c) (i) They are identical. (ii) They are inverses of each other. (iii) Both equal I.
6 (a) and (b) The rectangle is the image of the parallelogram and vice versa.
(c) (i) They are identical. (ii) They are inverses of each other. (iii) Both equal I.
7 (a) (4 , 3) (b) (7 , -1)
 1 −1 12 
8 (a)  −1 2  (b) (12 , 6) (c) (1 , 2) (d) (-6 , 8)(e) (8 , -9)
 
Page 41. Further Questions on Matrix Transformations.
1 0 
1 (a) (1 , -3) P =  .
 0 −1 
 0 −1 
(b) Rotation, about (0 , 0), through 90° anticlockwise. Q =  .
1 0 
 0 −1
(c) R =   (d) R = PQ or P = QR.
 −1 0 
2 (a) ( − 35 , 45 ) ( −1 15 ,1 53 ) (1, 2 ) ( 25 , 2 54 ) (c) y = 2x (d) (i) I (ii) M
(e) (i) Performing the same reflection twice places the image back onto the object .
(ii) A reflection is its own inverse.

Answers. Level 9/10. Pack 6. Page 14. [email protected]

  12 3
2   4 12 
3 (a)  − 1 
−1  (b)   k=8
 2  −4 −8 

3 8 0
(c) M =   Enlargement, centre (0 , 0), scale factor 8
0 8
Page 42.
 254 3
25 
4 (a) (0 , 0) (4 , 3) (1 , 7) (-3 , 4) (c)  − 3 4 
 25 25 

 54 − 35 
(d) scale factor 5, angle approx. 37° (e)  3 4 
5 5 
5 (a)(i) Reflection in the x-axis (ii) Reflection in the line y = x
(iii) Rotation, about (0 , 0), through 90° clockwise
(iv) Rotation, about (0 , 0), through 90° anticlockwise
(b) A-1B-1
(c) Reflection in the x-axis followed by Reflection in the line y = x is equivalent to
Rotation, about (0 , 0), through 90° anticlockwise whose inverse is
Rotation, about (0 , 0), through 90° clockwise, which is equal to AB.
Since reflections are self inverse, AB = A-1B-1
 −1 0  1 0   −1 0 
6 (a) (i)   (ii)   (iii)  
 0 1  0 −1  0 −1 
(b) Rotation, about (0 , 0), through 180°
 0 3
7 (a)   (b) (-3 , -6) (c) (0 , -4)
 −3 0 
 2 −1
8 (a)   (b) (0 , -1) (c) (5 , -3)
 −1 0 
 1 −1 
9 (a)   (b) (3 , 1) (c) (6 , -6)
1 1 
10 (a) (0 , 1) (-2 , 0) (b) (3 , -4)
(c) One-way stretch, y-axis invariant, scale factor 2
11 (a) (1 , 2) (-1 , -1) (b) (-2 , -3)
(c) Shear, x-axis invariant, mapping (1 , 1) onto (0 , 1).
Page 43. Finding a Transformation Matrix
0 1  −1 0 
1 (a) 1 0 (b) 0 
   −1
Page 44.
3 0 4 0   −3 0   4 −1   2 2
2 (a)   (b)   (c)   (d)   (e)  
 0 2  0 −2   0 −2  1 3  0 4
 −2 −1   2 0  0 −2   −2 0 
(f)   (g)   (h)   (i)  
 0 3  2 3 3 0   0 3

Answers. Level 9/10. Pack 6. Page 15. [email protected]

  −2 0   0.71 0.71  0.71 −0.71  −0.71 −0.71
3 (a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
 0 −2   −0.71 0.71  0.71 0.71   0.71 −0.71
 0.5 0.87   −0.6 0.8   0.6 0.8   0.6 −0.8 
(e)   (f)   (g)   (h)  
 −0.87 0.5   0.8 0.6   0.8 −0.6   −0.8 −0.6 
 −0.6 −0.8 
(i)  
 −0.8 0.6 
Page 45. Shape Orientation and Determinants
1 A1B1C1D1 opposite : A2B2C2D2 same : A3B3C3D3 opposite : A4B4C4D4 opposite
2 (a) same (b) opposite (c) same (d) same (e) same (f) opposite
 0 1  −1 0  2 0  −2 0 
3 (a)   1 (b)   -1 (c)   4 (d)   4
 −1 0   0 1 0 2  0 −2 
1 0 1 0 
(e)   3 (f)   -3
0 3  0 −3 
Positive sign - same direction; Negative sign - opposite direction
4 (a) same (b) same (c) same (d) same (e) opposite (f) opposite
(g) opposite (h) opposite (i) same (j) same (k) opposite (l) same
Page 46. Transformations involving Singular Matrices
1 (a) A’ (3 , 6) B’ (5 , 10) C’ (4 , 8) D’ (2 , 4)
(c) Straight line (d) (i) 0 (ii) 0 (e) y = 2x
2 (a) O’ (0 , 0) I’ (2 , 0) A’ (4 , 0) J’ (2 , 0)
(c) Straight line (d) (i) 0 (ii) 0 (e) y = 0
(f) (2 , 0) , (0 , 2) etc (g) x + y = 2 (h) ( 12 , 12 ) , (-1 , 2) etc (i) x + y = 1
3 (a) All (0 , 0) (c) the single point (0 , 0)
4 (a) y = 2x (b) y = 3x (c) y = -x (d) y = 12 x (e) y = - 12 x (f) y = x (g) x = 0
Page 47. Area Scale factors and Determinants.
1 (a)(ii) (2 , 0) (4 , 0) (6 , 2) (4 , 2) (iv) 2, 4, 2 (v) 2
(b)(ii) (1 , 1) (3 , 3) (3 , 5) (1 , 3) (iv) 2, 4, 2 (v) 2
(c)(ii) (2 , 2) (2 , 4) (4 , 5) (4 , 3) (iv) 2, 4, 2 (v) -2
(d)(ii) (0 , 0) (-2 , 0) (-2 , 4) (0 , 4) (iv) 2, 8, 4 (v) -4
(e)(ii) (2 , 1) (5 , 1) (7 , 2) (4 , 2) (iv) 1, 3, 3 (v) 3
(f)(ii) (3 , 0) (5 , 1) (8 , 1) (6 , 0) (iv) 1, 3, 3 (v) -3
(g)(ii) (0 , 3) (2 , 5) (0 , 9) (-2 , 7) (iv) 4, 12, 3 (v) 3
(h)(ii) (2 , 2) (6 , -2) (8 , 0) (4 , 4) (iv) 2, 16, 8 (v) 8
(i)(ii) (1 , 1) (5 , 5) (7 , 4) (5 , 0) (iv) 2, 10, 5 (v) -5
2 (a) 5 (b) 5 (c) 11 (d) 1 (e) 1 (f) 2
3 (a)(i) 2 (ii) 6 cm2 (b)(i) 1 (ii) 3 cm2 (c)(i) 10 (ii) 30 cm2
(d)(i) 0 (ii) 0 cm2 (e)(i) 14 (ii) 42 cm2 (f)(i) 5 (ii) 15 cm2
Page 48.
4 1.25 cm2 5 15 cm2 6 6 cm 7 3 cm 8 3 cm
9 (a) k = 2 or 1 (b) k = -2 or -4 (c) k= 2
3 or 1
3

10 (a)(i) k = 2 12 or 1
2 (ii) k = 1 34 or 1 14
(b)(i) k = -1 or -5 (ii) k = −3 12 or -2 12
11 (a) 100 (b) 3 cm (c) 6 14

Answers. Level 9/10. Pack 6. Page 16. [email protected]

 Page 49. Sets. Basic Ideas 1.
1 (a) { April, June, September, November } (b) { 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 }
(c) { Saturday, Sunday } (d) { H, E, I, C, S } (e) { 2, 4, 12, 16 }
(f) { 12, 14, 16, 18 } (g) { 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 } (h) { -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 }
(i) { (1 , 5), (5 , 1), (2 , 4), (4 , 2 ), (3 , 3) }
2 (a) The first five capital letters in the English alphabet.
(b) The names of months beginning with the letter J.
(c) The symbols for the four basic mathematical operations.
(d) The odd numbers.
(e) The prime numbers.
(f) The square numbers.
(g) The integers between 12 and 15 inclusive.
(h) Three digit numbers formed by using all of the three digits 2, 3 and 4.
3 (a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 2 (d) 5 (e) 4 (f) 4 (g) 6 (h) 7 (i) 5
4 (a) Yes (b) No (c) 4, 5
Page 50.
5 F = { 2, 3, 5, 7 } = P
6 (a) P = { P, A, R, L, E } (b) Yes
7 (a) No (b) No (c) Yes (d) No (e) Yes
8 (a) No (b) Yes
9 (a) T (b) F (c) F (d) T (e) T (f) T (g) T (h) T
10 (a) ∈ (b) ∉ (c) ∈ (d) ∈ (e) ∉ (f) ∈
11 (a) { 3, 6 } (b) { 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 } (c) { 1, 2, 4 } (d) 33
(e) { 6, 9, 12 } (f) { 5 } (g) { 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 }
(h) { (6 , 3), (12, 6) } (i) C (j) No
Page 51. Sets. Basic Ideas 2.
1 (a) { 3, 5, 7, 11 } (b) { 3, 9 } (c) ∅ (d) { 7, 11 }
2 (a) { January, March, May, July, August, October, December }
(b) { April, June, September, November }
(c) { February }
3 Positive integers and zero.
4 (a) The set of triangles which are not isosceles.
(b) Yes
(c) Triangles whose sides are in the ratio 1 : 1 : 2 .
5 (a) T (b) F (c) T (d) F (e) F (f) T (g) F (h) F (i) F (j) T (k) F
6 (a) P = Q (b) P ⊂ R (c) No (d) Yes (e) No ( 3 may not be a member of E)
Page 52.
7 (a) Yes (b) No (c) Yes (d) Yes (e) Yes
8 (a) S ⊂ R (b) P ⊂ Q (c) R ⊂ P (d) B ⊂ P (e) S ⊂ B
9 (a) (i) { squares, rectangles, rhombuses, kites } (ii) { parallelograms }
(iii) { squares, rectangles, parallelograms, rhombuses } (iv) { kites }
(b) { squares, rectangles, rhombuses }
10 (a) (i) { 1, 3, 5 } (ii) { 0, 2, 4 } (iii) { 1, 3, 5, 6 }
(b) (i) 7 (ii) 4 (iii) 3 (iv) 3 (v) 4 (vi) 0
11 (a) F (b) T (c) T (d) T (e) T (f) F (g) T (h) F (i) F (j) T (k) T (l) F
12 (a) ∅ , {p} (b) ∅ , {p}, {q}, {p,q}
(c) ∅ , {p}, {q}, {r}, {p,q}, {p,r}, {q,r}, {p,q,r}
(d) ∅ , {p}, {q}, {r}, {s}, {p,q}, {p,r}, {p,s}, {q,r}, {q,s}, {r,s}, {p,q,r}, {p,q,s},
{p,r,s}, {q,r,s}, {p,q,r,s}

Answers. Level 9/10. Pack 6. Page 17. [email protected]

 13 (a) 1, 2 ; 2, 4 ; 3, 8 ; 4, 16 (b) 128 (c) 10
Page 53. Venn Diagrams.
1). a). b). c).
EE
E
E E
E
B
A Monday
yellow Wednesday C
blue 1 3 5 79 Friday Tuesday
green 2 4 6 8 Saturday Thursday
red Sunday

2). a). b). c).

EE EE EE
C D E
A B 3 5
c
1 2 3 5 6 a b d e 1 F

2 4
4 f

3. (a) { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 } (b) { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 } (c) { 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 }

(d) { 4, 5 } (e) { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 } (f) { 0, 9 }
Page 54.
4 (a) { a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k } (b) { a, b, c, d, e, f, g }
(c) { e, f, g, h } (d) { e, f, g } (e) { a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h } (f) { i, j, k }
5 (a) { a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i } (b) { e, f, g, h, i } (c) { h, i } (d) { h, i }
(e) { e, f, g, h, i } (f) { a, b, c, d }
6 (a) 16 (b) 11 (c) 4 (d) 6 (e) 12 (f) 7 29 students in the class
7 (a) right hand diagram (b) centre diagram (c) left hand diagram
Page 55. The Intersection of Sets.
1 (a) (i) { 3 , 4 } (ii) {1, 2, 3, 4 } (iii) { 3, 4, 5 } (b)
EE EE
2 (a) B 3 A B 33 A
5 4 C 5 44 C
1 1
2 2
6 6

(b) (i) { 3, 4 } (ii) { } (iii) { 1 } (iv) { 1 , 2, 3, 4 } (v) { 3, 4, 5 }

(c) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)

3 (a) (b) (c)

Page 56.
4 (a) { c } (b) { d, e, f } (c) { a, b } (d) { } (e) { } (f) { g, h }
(g) { a, b, d, e, f, g, h } (h) { a, b, c, g, h } (i) { c, d, e, f, g, h } (j) { a, b, c, d, e, f, }
5 (a) (i) { 2, 4, 6 } (ii) { 2, 4 }
(b) (i) { b, c, d } (ii) { b, c }
(c) (i) { q, r, s } (ii) { q, r, s } (iii) { r, s }
Answers. Level 9/10. Pack 6. Page 18. [email protected]
 6 (a) { d, h } (b) { h, i } (c) { g, h } (d) { h } (e) { e, f, i } (f) { i, j, k }
(g) { j, k, l, m, n } (h) { l, m, n }
7 (a) { 3 , 4 } (b) { 5, 6 } (c) { } (d) { } (e) { 5, 6 } (f) { 5, 6, 7 }
(g) { 7, 9 } (h) { 9 }
8 3
9 8
10 23
11 (a) 10 (b) 14 (c) 6
12 (a) 0 (b) 8
13 7, 8, 9 or 10
Page 57. The Union of Sets.
1 (a) (i) { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 } (ii) { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 } (iii) { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }
(b)
E
A 3 B
12 4 5
6

2 (a)
E
E
A B C
6
1 234
5

(b) (i) { 1, 2, 3, 4 } (ii) { 2, 3, 4, 6 } (iii) { 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 }

(iv) { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 } (v) { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }
(c) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) and (v)

3 (a) (b) (c)

4 (a) P (b) E (c) P (d) E

Page 58.
5 (a) { a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i } (b) { d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k } (c) { a, b, c, d, g, h, i, j, k }
(d) { a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k } (e) { d, e, f, h, i, j, k, l, m, n }
(f) { e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n } (g) { a, b, c, e, f, g, i, j, k, l, m, n }
(h) { a, b, c, d, e, f, g, i, j, k, l, m, n }
6 (a) { a, b, c, d, e, f } (b) { c, d, e f, g, h } (c) { a, b, c, g, h }
(d) { a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h } (e) { a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h } (f) { a, b, d, e, f, g, h }
(g) { g, h } (h) { a, b } (i) { d, e, f } (j) { c }
7 (a) { a, b, c, d, e, f } (b) { d, e, f, g, h } (c) { a, b, c, g, h } (d) { a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h }
(e) { a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h } (f) { a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h } (g) { g, h } (h) { a, b, c }
(i) { d, e, f } (j) { }
8 (a) { a, b, c, d, e, f } (b) { c, d, e, f, g, h } (c) { a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h }
(d) { a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h } (e) { a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h } (f) { a, b, g, h }

Answers. Level 9/10. Pack 6. Page 19. [email protected]

 (g) { g, h } (h) { a, b } (i) { } (j) { c, d, e, f }
9 (a) { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 } (b) { 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 } (c) { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 }
(d) { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 } (e) { 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 } (f) { 5, 6, 7, 9 }
(g) { 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 } (h) { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }
10 (a) (i) { 2, 4, 6, 8, 9 } (ii) { 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }
(b) (i) { b, c, d, e } (ii) { a, b, c, d, e }
(c) (i) { p, q, r, s, t } (ii) { p, q, r, s, t } (iii) { p, q, r, s, t, u }
11 (a) Students who study Biology or Chemistry or both Biology and Chemistry.
(b) (i) 26 (ii) 16
12 (a) A = B = ∅
(b) Yes
(c) Make A ∩ B ≠ ∅ . e.g. E = { 1, 2, 3 } A = { 1, 2} B = { 2, 3 }: B’ = { 1 } ≠ A.
(d) (i) e.g. A = { 1, 2, 3 } B = { 2 } C = { 3 }
(ii) e.g. A = { 1, 2} B = { 2 } C = { 2 }
Page 59. Regions in Venn Diagrams.
1 (i) (a) A ∩ B (b) A’ ∩ B (c) A’ ∩ B’ or ( A ∪ B )’
(ii) (a) x, y, z (b) w, y, z (c) w, x, y (d) w, x, z (e) w, x, z
2 (i) There are other, equivalent, correct answers.
(a) A ∩ B (b) A ∩ B’ (c) A’ ∩ B’ ∩ C’
(ii) (a) t, z (b) t, v, x, z (c) t, v, (d) t, z (e) t, v, x, y (f) t, v, x
(g) t, v, x, y (h) t, v, y
3 (i) There are other, equivalent, correct answers.
(a) A ∩ B’ (b) A ∩ B (c) B ∩ C (d) B’ ∩ C (e) A’ ∩ B’ ∩ C’
(f) B ∩ ( A’ ∩ C’ )
Page 60.
(ii) (a) x, y (b) t, u, w, z (c) w, y (d) w, y, z (e) u, w, y (f) t, z
(g) t, z (h) t, u, w, x, y, z (i) t, u, w, x, y, z
4 (i) There are other, equivalent, correct answers.
(a) B ∩ C (b) B ∩ C’ (c) A’ ∩ C’ (d) A’ ∩ C (e) A ∩ B’ ∩ C
(f) A ∩ ( B’ ∩ C’ )
(ii) (a) ∅ (b) t, u, y, z (c) w, x (d) w, x, y, z (e) u, w, x, y (f) t, z
(g) t, z (h) t, u, w, y, z (i) t, u, w, y, z
5 (a) Q’ (b) P ∩ Q (c) P ∪ Q’ (d) P’ ∪ Q’ (e) P’
6 (a) A ∪ B ∪ C (b) A ∩ C (c) C ∪ ( A ∩ B ) (d) B ∩ ( A ∪ C )
(e) B’ ∩ ( A ∩ C ) (f) A’ ∩ B’ ∩ C’ (g) A’ ∩ ( B ∪ C )
(h) B ∩ ( A’ ∩ C’ ) or B ∩ ( A ∪ C )’ (i) A’ ∪ C (j) B’ ∩ C
Page 61. Regions in Venn Diagrams.
1 (i) (a) { 2, 4, 6 } (b) { 3, 6 } (c) { 6, 12 } (d) { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 }
(e) { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 15 } (f) { 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12 15 }
(ii) (a) { 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15 } (b) { 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 }
(c) { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12 } (d) { 3, 6, 12 } (e) { 2, 4, 6, 12 } (f) { 2, 3, 4, 6 }
(iii) (a) { 2, 3, 4, 6 } (b) { 2, 4, 6, 12 } (c) { 3, 6, 12 } (d) { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12 }
(e) { 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 } (f) { 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15 }
(iv) a, f ; b, e ; c, d ; d, c ; e, b ; f, a
2 (i)
(b) (c) (d) (e) (f)
EE EE EE EE EE
A B A B A B A B A B

C C C C C

Answers. Level 9/10. Pack 6. Page 20. [email protected]

 (g) c and f
(ii)
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
EE EE EE EE E
E
A B A B A B A B A B

C C C C C

(g) b and e

3 (a) ∩ (b) ∪
4 (i) (a) { 7, 8, 9, 10 } (b) { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 } (c) { 2, 4, 6 } (d) { 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 }
(e) { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 } (f) { 7, 9 } (g) { 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 } (h) { 7, 9 }
(ii) d and g ; f and h
5 (i) (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)

(ii) b and e ; d and f

Page 62.
6 (a) (i) { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 } (ii) { 7, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15 }
(b) (i) { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15 } (ii) { 7, 11, 13, 14 }
(c) (i) { 8, 9, 10, 12, 15 } (ii) { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, 13, 14 }
(d) (i) { 3 } (ii) { 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 }
7 (a) ∅ (b) A (c) A (d) E (e) A (f) A (g) A (h) E (i) ∅ (j) A ∪ B
(k) A ∪ B (l) A (m) A (n) A’ (o) A’ (p) B
8 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)

A B B B
A B A B
B A A A

9 A
B
C

10 (a) T (b) T (c) T (d) T (e) T (f) T

11 (a) { x : -1 ≤ x ≤ 5 } (b) { x : -3 ≤ x ≤ 7 }
(c) { x : 5 ≤ x ≤ 7 } (d) { x : -3 ≤ x ≤ -1 }
12 (a) { x : 4 ≤ x ≤ 6 } (b) { x : 3 ≤ x ≤ 8 }
(c) { x : 3 ≤ x < 4 } (d) { x : 6 ≤ x ≤ 8 }
13 (a) { (3 , -1) } (b) { (2 , 1) } (c)(i) infinite (ii) 1 (iii) 0 (iv) 0
Page 63. Numerical Questions involving Venn Diagrams.
1 (a) x = 17 y = 0 (b) x = 28 y = 23 (c) x = 6 y = 4 (d) x = 25 y = 7
(e) x = 20 y = 6 (f) x = 28 y = 22 (g) x = 12 y = 21 (h) x = 8 y = 19
(i) x = 5 y = 4 (j) x = 28 y = 0
2 14
3 0, 1, 2, 3

Answers. Level 9/10. Pack 6. Page 21. [email protected]

 4 Maximum 17, minimum 6
5 (a) x = 13 y = 4 (b) x = 13 y = 21 (c) x = 26 y = 3 (d) x = 14 y = 3
(e) x = 13 y = 5 (f) x = 7 y = 29 (g) x = 21 y = 0 (h) x = 10 y = 5
6 (a) 36 (b) 11 (c) 28
Page 64.
7 (a) 7 (b) 8
8 (a) 3 (b) 7 (c) 4
9 5
10 5
11 (a) 4 (b) 13
12 least 14 greatest 24
13 greatest 17 least 11
14 (a)(i) 3x (ii) 52 - 6x (b)(i) 12 (ii) 21
15 (a) 2 (b) 18
16 (a) 9 (b) 10
Page 65. Miscellaneous Set Venn Diagrams.
1 (a) students who study Physics,
(b) students who study both Biology and Chemistry,
(c) students who study Chemistry only,
(d) students who don’t study Chemistry,
(e) students who study Physics and/or Biology, but not Chemistry,
(f) students who study all three sciences,
(g) students who study Chemistry and also Physics or Biology, or Chemistry
and both Physics and Biology
(h) students who don’t study any of these three sciences,
(i) students who study exactly two of these three sciences.
2 (a) There are no blue sports cars.
(b) Some sports cars are blue.
(c) All sports cars are red.
(d) All cars are either red or blue.
(e) All blue cars are sports cars.
(f) Some blue cars are not sports cars.
3 (a) 29 (b) 10 (c) 46 (d) 10 (e) 34 (f) 19 (g) 8 (h) 5 (i) 15 (j) 4
(k) 29 (l) 2 (m) 31
4 (a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 19
Page 66.
5 (a) 30 (b) 60 (c) 25 (d) 7
6 (a) 11 (b) 4 (c) 29 (d) 7
7 (a) 27 (b) 9 (c) 38
8 (a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 7 (d) 10
9 (a) 16 (b) 10 (c) 21
10 (a) 9 (b) 3 (c) 5

Answers. Level 9/10. Pack 6. Page 22. [email protected]