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Cross-Section Elements

This document provides an overview of a course on highway design. It discusses factors considered in highway route selection and the steps involved. It also covers geometric design elements like cross-sections, horizontal and vertical alignment, intersections, and drainage. The document focuses on cross-section elements, including lanes, shoulders, medians, slopes, and considerations in design like traffic volume and safety. Typical highway cross-sections from the Ethiopian Roads Authority design manual are presented.

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Jiregna Chalchisa
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47 views

Cross-Section Elements

This document provides an overview of a course on highway design. It discusses factors considered in highway route selection and the steps involved. It also covers geometric design elements like cross-sections, horizontal and vertical alignment, intersections, and drainage. The document focuses on cross-section elements, including lanes, shoulders, medians, slopes, and considerations in design like traffic volume and safety. Typical highway cross-sections from the Ethiopian Roads Authority design manual are presented.

Uploaded by

Jiregna Chalchisa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3/16/2009

Instractor: 
Eyassu Tesfamariam (PhD)

Assist. Instractor: 
Sophonyas Asrat(BSc)

Course contents
y Highway route selection 
y factors considered in highway route selection 
f d d h h l
y Steps in highway route selection
y Geometric design of highways: 
y Design controls and criteria
y Functional classification systems of highways 
y Vehicle and driver characteristics
y Highway cross‐section elements: 
y Lane and shoulders, sidewalks, medians, and pedestrian crossings
p g
y Elements of geometric design:
y Horizontal alignment, Transition and super‐elevation, Vertical 
alignment, Sight distance, Intersections and Interchanges
y Earthwork quantities and mass‐haul diagram
y Drainage and drainage structures

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3/16/2009

Cross‐section elements
Typical cross section

Cross‐section elements
ÆAll the cross‐section elements are accommodated within the right‐of‐
way (ROW) of the highway
 (ROW)  f th  hi h
y Roadway/Carriageway: 
y the portion of a highway including shoulders for vehicular use
y Travel/traffic lanes: 
y the portion of the roadway provided for the movement of vehicles. 
exclusive of shoulders (ERA manual: lane width for DS1 & DS2 = 3.65 m)
y Shoulders
y the portion of the roadway contiguous to the carriageway
y Medians 
M di  
y the physical or painted separation provided on divided highways 
between two adjacent roadways.
y Roadside barriers, Guardrails
y Curbs. Gutter (in urban areas), and Drainage Ditches

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Cross‐section elements
y Typical cross section

Cross‐section elements (Cont…)
y Side Slopes and back slopes 
p p

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Cross‐section elements (Cont…)
y Normal crossfall ((Camber, crown)
, )
y should be sufficient to provide adequate surface drainage 
whilst not being so great as to make steering difficult.
y Paved roads 2.5%
y Unpaved roads 4%
y Unpaved shoulders on a paved road should be 1.5% steeper 
than the crossfall of the roadway.

y Lane and shoulder widths
y Adjusted to traffic requirements, and
y Characteristics of the terrain 

Cross‐section elements (Cont…)
y considerations in cross‐section design 
g
y Volume and composition (percent trucks, buses) of the vehicular 
traffic expected to use the facility
y The likelihood that bicyclists and pedestrians will use the route
y Climatic conditions 
y The presence of natural or human‐made obstructions adjacent to the 
roadway
y Type and intensity of development along the section of the highway 
facility that is being designed
y S f t   f th  
Safety of the users

y The most appropriate design for a highway improvement is the 
one that balances the mobility needs of the people using the 
facility (motorists, pedestrians, bicyclists) with the physical 
constraints of the corridor with which the facility is located.

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Typical Cross‐sections

ERA 
Geometric 
Design
Manual 
2002

Typical Cross‐sections
Geometric Design Manual
ERA 2002

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Typical Cross‐sections 
(Geometric design manual, ERA 2002)

Typical Cross‐sections
(Geometric design manual, ERA 2002)

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Typical Cross‐sections
(Geometric design manual, ERA 2002)

Typical Cross‐sections
(Geometric design manual, ERA 2002)

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3/16/2009

Typical Cross‐sections
(Geometric design manual, ERA 2002)

Town section 

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