11 /12

Media and Information

Literacy
Quarter 1– Module 1:
Media and Communication
Media and Information Literacy – Grade 11/12
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Communication and Media
First Edition, 2020

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 Development Team of the Module

Writers: Jenelyn A. Abico

Editors: Dawn Hope S. Almuena, Mary Joy M. Velasco
Reviewers: Evelyn C. Frusa PhD, Rolex H. Lotilla, Arvin M. Tejada Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Angelou D. Samillano
Cover Art Designer: Reggie D. Galindez
Management Team: Allan G. Farnazo, CESO IV – Regional Director
Fiel Y. Almendra, CESO V – Assistant Regional Director
Crispin A. Soliven, Jr., CESE - Schools Division Superintendent
Robert J. Montero, Ed, CESE - ASDS
Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD
Arturo D. Tingson Jr. – REPS, LRMS
Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, ADM
Gilda O. Orendain - REPS – Subject Area Supervisor
Belen Fajemolin, Ph.d - CID Chief
Evelyn C. Frusa, Ph.d - Division EPS In Charge of LRMS
Bernardita M. Villano - Division ADM Coordinator
Carlo M. Melendres – EPS, Senior High School

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN Region

Office Address: Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893
E-mail Address: [email protected]\
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Media and Information Literacy with Grade 11/12 Self-
Learning Module (SLM) on Communication and Media !

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator
in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to th e Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Media and Information Literacy - Grade 11/12 Self-Learning

Module (SLM) on Communication and Media !

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used
to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create
and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as
a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies
in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills
or competencies you are expected to learn in the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the lesson to take. If you get
all the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the

current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced

to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem
opener, an activity or a situation.

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 What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the
lesson. This aims to help you discover and understand new
concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and skills of the topic.
You may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end
of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions

or blank sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or
concerns.
Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level
of mastery in achieving the learning competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to you

to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends
retention of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in develop

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
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 3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you
are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the Media and Communication. The scope of this module permits it to
be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

This module will focus namely on:

 LO 1 –Describes how communication is influenced by media and information

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After going through this module, you are expected to:

a) Define communication, media and information;

b) Recognize communication as a social process ;
c) Describe the nature of communication and the concepts related to
it; and
d) Conclude how media affects human living through an information
chart.

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Definition of Terms

Media

It refers to any physical object used to communicate media

messages.

Communication

The act or process of using words, sounds, signs, or

behaviors to express or exchange information, ideas, thoughts,
feelings, etc., to someone else.

Communication Model

Are diagrams that make you understand the process at

a glance. They are like maps that guide you in the
understanding how communication works in different settings.

Information

Knowledge of specific events or situations that has been

gathered or received by communication, intelligence or news.

Media Literacy

The ability to read, analyze, evaluate and produce

communication in a variety of media forms.

Social Media

Forms of electronic communication through which people create

online communities to share information, ideas, personal
messages, etc.

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 What I Know
Let us determine how much you already learned.

Instruction. Select the letter only of the correct answer and write it in a
separate sheet of paper.

1. It refers to the process of sharing and conveying messages or

information from one person to another within and across
channels, contexts, media, and cultures.
A. elements C. process
B. communication D. model
2. The factor that affects the flow of information which can appear as
a noise is called_________?.
A. context C. barrier
B. message D. feedback
3. The plural of medium, also known as ways to communicate
information.
A. media C. information
B. message D. context
4. Whose model of communication below uses One-way
communication ?
A. Aristotle C. Schramm
B. Berlo D. Shannon-Weaver
5. Field of experience being part of the communication, was
introduced by?
A. Aristotle C. Schramm
B. Berlo D. Shannon-Weaver
6. A speaker centered model as the speaker has the most important
role in it and is the only one active.
A. Aristotle C. Schramm
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 B. Transactional D. Shannon-Weaver
7. This model has been originally intended to show how radio and
telephone technologies function.
A. Aristotle C. Schramm
B. Transactional D. Shannon-Weaver
8. It is reaction, response, or information provided by the receiver.
A. Barrier C. Receiver
B. Feedback D. Context
9. It is the process of converting the message into words, actions, or
other forms that the speaker understands.
A. Barrier C. Encoding
B. Channel D. Decoding
10. It is the means, such as personal or non-personal, verbal or
nonverbal, or the use of senses in which the encoded message is
conveyed.
A. Medium C. Receiver
B. Channel D. Feedback

Lesson

1 Media and Communication

Media and other information providers play a central role in information and
communication processes. Nowadays, media become the common outlet of
selfexpression and creativity. Its huge influence spreads speedily across the
globe. The connection between technological advances and people’s
connectivity created a huge impact to the lives of today’s generation. This
module covers all the above mentioned concepts.

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 What’s In

In your Oral Communication subject, Communication is a process in which

individuals interact with and through symbols to create and interpret meanings.
(Wood, 2004). It can also be described through its nature as follows:

Communication is a a process that changes as the communicators’ environments an

process change.

Communication is It involves within systems of interrelated and interacting parts.

systematic

Communication is Symbols, verbal (with words) or nonverbal (without words), are th

symbolic language.

Notes to the Teacher

Provide additional hand -out for the learners to easily
grasp the lesson.

What’s New
Activity 1:

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Fill in the table below of the estimate number of hours you spent in each media
or information provider from previous week.
Weekly Interaction Log with Information and Information Providers

Media and Information Provider Number of Hours in a w

Youtube

Facebook

Television

Books

Others

What is It

COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA

Communication refers to the process of conveying or sharing information. Since

then, it is often described as a natural ability of an individual to socialize with
others. In the 21st century world, communication has become “more social” due
to the emergence of technology. Media are defined as sources of credible and
current information created through an editorial process determined by
journalistic values.

To the extent that media become an important part of every society’s

communication system, their institutional make-up can mesh with a variety of
non-media information providers, such as libraries, museums, archives,
Internet information providers, other information organizations and citizens
who produce their own content.

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With the emergence of technological platform of communication, delivery of the
message increased its speed resulting to some grapevine form of
communication. To clearly understand how communication happens, it is
appropriate to take a look on the following communication models.

Shannon-Weaver’s Communication Model (1948)

Image source:http://communicationtheory.org/shannon-and-weaver-model-of-communication/

Known as the mother of all communication models, the Shannon –Weaver model
(1949) depicts communication as a linear or one-way process consisting of the five
elements: a source (producer of message); a transmitter (encoder of message into
signals; and a destination. This model has been originally intended to show how
radio and telephone technologies function.

This model has been criticized for missing one essential element in the
communication process: feedback. Without feedback, the speaker will not know
whether the receiver understands the message or not.

Osgood- Schramm Model Of Communication (1954)

Image source: http://communicationtheory.org/osgood -schramm-model-of-communication/

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The Schramm model of communication (1954), which seeks to explain how
meaning is transferred between individuals, corporations, and others, is the
most commonly taught and widely used theory of communication. Schramm
modified ShannonWeaver model by adding field of experience, defined as “life
experiences, attitudes, values, and beliefs that each communicator brings to an
interaction and that shape how messages are sent and received.” (McCornack,
2010, p.10, as cited in “OsgoodSchramm model, “2015)

Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication (1960)

Image source: http://communicationtheory.org/berlos-smcr-model-of-communication/

In 1960, David Berlo postulated Berlo’s Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver

(SMCR) model of communication from Shannon Weaver’s Model of
Communication (1949). He described factors affecting the individual
components in the communication making the communication more efficient.

The model also focuses on encoding and decoding which happens before sender
sends the message and before receiver receives the message respectively.
Berlo’s Model has mainly, four components to describe the communication
process. They are sender, message, channel and receiver. Each of the
component is affected by many factors.

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 Aristotle Model of Communication

Image source: https://www.communicationtheory.org/aristotle%E2%80%99s-

Aristotle(384-322 B.C) was a Greek philosopher and writer born in Stagira,

Northern Greece. While exploring the human nature scientifically, Aristotle
developed a linear model of communication for oral communication known as
Aristotle’s Model of Communication. This is considered as the first model of
communication and was proposed before 300 B.C. It is also the is most widely
accepted among all communication models.

Aristotle Model is mainly focused on speaker and speech. The Aristotle’s

communication model is a speaker centered model as the speaker has the most
important role in it and is the only one active. It is the speaker’s role to deliver a
speech to the audience. The role of the audience is passive, influenced by the
speech. This makes the communication process one way, from speaker to
receiver.

Elements of communication:
Speaker - the source of information or message.
Message - any information or anything the speaker/sender wants to communicate by using

Medium - is the form in which the speaker/sender conveys the message

Channel - is the method or means of sending or expressing the messages
Encoding- the process of converting the messages into words, actions or other forms that th
understands.
Listener/ receiver- he recipient or the one who gets the message
Feedback - is the receiver’s reaction or response

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 Context- is the situation or environment where communication takes place
Barrier - the factors that affect the flow of communication.
Decoding -the process of interpreting the encoded message of the speaker by the receiver

Nowadays, with communication becomes highly technological, flow of

information dissemination increased its effectivity.

cial-media-effect/

Based on the image above, communication becomes more productive and

interactive due to media and information. Message was shared through variety
of social media accounts and is shared by a number of people proving how
influential media in the communication process.

Media and Information Literacy recognizes the primary role of information and
media in our everyday lives. It lies at the core of freedom of expression and
information - since it empowers citizens to understand the functions of media
and other information providers, to critically evaluate their content, and to
make informed decisions as users and producer of information and media
content.

So how communication is affected by media and information? Let us take a look

on the multiple roles of media in the society.

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1. act as channels of information and knowledge through which citizens
communicate with each other and make informed decisions,
2. facilitate informed debates between diverse social actors,
3. provide us with much of what we learn about the world beyond our
immediate experience,
4. are means by which a society learns about itself and builds a sense of
community, 5. function as a watchdog of government in all its forms,
promoting transparency in public life and public scrutiny of those with power
through exposing corruption, maladministration and corporate wrong-doing,
6. are essential facilitators of democratic processes and one of the
guarantors of free and fair elections,
7. are a vehicle for cultural expression and cultural cohesion within and
between nations, and
8. function as an advocate and social actor in its own right while
respecting pluralistic values.

What’s More

Analyze the image below, then answer the questions that follow

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 Image source: http://www.ovrdrv.com/10-levels-of-intimacy-in-todays-communication/

1. What is the message in this illustration?

______________________________________________________________________________

___ 2. Do you agree with this illustration regarding communication? Why/why

not?

______________________________________________________________________________

___ 3. How media affects communication in our everyday living?

______________________________________________________________________________
___

What I Have Learned

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 1. What is communication?
______________________________________________________________________________
___
______________________________________________________________________________
___

2. What is media?
______________________________________________________________________________
___
______________________________________________________________________________
___

3. Enumerate and discuss briefly the different models of

communication?
__________________________________________________________________________
_______
__________________________________________________________________________
_______
__________________________________________________________________________
_______
______________________________________________________________________________
___

4. How media influence communication?

______________________________________________________________________________
___
______________________________________________________________________________
___

5. Social media is the new trend in communication because

______________________________________________________________________________
___
______________________________________________________________________________
___

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What I Can Do

Using the information chart below, do the following:

What’s the What do we

situation? do?

What’s
How do
the
we like it?
outcome?

Image Source: http://www.lumina.com/technology/influence-diagrams/

1. Identify local issue that could fit in the shape labelled “what’s
the situation?” Take an item of information from media sources (eg.
Newspaper, radio, television, or internet)

2. In the square labelled “what do we do?”, think of a solution to

address the identified issue.
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 3. In the shape labelled “what’s the outcome?” give possible effect
of your solution to the local population.

4. Finally, in the shape labelled “How do we like it?” imagine how

people will react to your identified outcome .

Assessment

Instruction. Select the letter only of the correct answer and write it in a
separate sheet of paper.

1. This element of communication involves the information, ideas, or

thoughts conveyed by the speaker in words or in actions.
A. speaker C. barrier
B. message D. feedback

2. Which model of communication emphasizes the importance of the role of

the speaker in the communication process?

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 A. Aristotle C. Schramm
B. Berlo D. Shannon-Weaver

3. Which of the following statement is not true about communication and

media?

A. Media can bridge effective communication.

B. Media hinders effective delivery of information.
C. Media acts as a channel of information dissemination.
D. Creative delivery of information is possible through
media.

4. What model of communication introduced field of experience as an

important factor in communication?
A. Aristotle C. Schramm
B. Berlo D. Shannon-Weaver

5. The process of interpreting symbols and signs received coming from the
speaker is known as?
A. speaker C.
decoding B. encoding
D. destination
C.
6. Cherry believed that communication is only effective if culture and social
status of every individual will be taken into consideration. Cherry’s belief is
anchored on whose model of communication?
A. Aristotle C. Schramm
B. Berlo D. Shannon-Weaver

7. Media plays a great role in the democratic country as a watchdog

because_______? A. It advocates corruption and maladministration.

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 B. It overpowers government and take actions on its
own.
C. It promotes transparency in all actions of the
government.
D. It influences the masses to act against the
government and its leaders.

8. The following are true about the roles of media, except_______? A. It exposes
corrupt politicians.
B. It paves way to various advocacies.
C. It delimits cultural expressions among nations.
D. It facilitates democratic processes and guarantees
fair elections.

9. Which among the following is the best description of Media and

Information Literacy?
A. It is all about exchanging information.
B. It includes information and communication literacy.
C. It promotes literacy with the use and manipulation
of media contents for personal use.
D. It empowers every individual with the use of media
through developing critical thinking and life long
learning skills.

10. Which of the following is true about media and communication? A. Media
disrupts fluent communication.
B. Communication is only effective if it is speaker-
centered.
C. Media can produce effective and efficient
communication.
D. Media alters receiver’s message making it difficult to
have
effective message.

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 Additional Activities

From the pool of social media outlet below, choose one and discuss
in no less than three sentences how communication is conveyed effectively.

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 Image source: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/in-excess/201805/addicted-social-media?amp

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

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 25
References
ent What I Know What’s New
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. A
5. C
6. A
7. D
8. B
9. C
10. B
Key
Answer
 Commission on higher Education, 2016. Teaching Guide for Senior High
School MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY CORE SUBJECT.

Media and Information Literacy Curriculum Guide by DepEd

The social Media Effect. Retrieved June 15,

2020, from
https://academichelp.net/samples/academics/essays/cause -effect/the
effects-of-social-media.html

UNESCO Media and Information Literacy Curriculum for Teachers

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 DISCLAIMER

This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd

SOCCSKSARGEN with the primary objective of preparing for and

addressing the new normal. Contents of this module were based on
DepEd’s Most Essential Learning Competencies
(MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all learners of Region

XII in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The process of LR

development was observed in the production of this module. This is version 1.0.
We highly
encourage feedback, comments, and recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:For inquiries or feedback,

please write or call:

Department of Education Department of Education– SOCCSKSARGEN –

SOCCSKSARGEN

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 Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)Learning Resource
Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter
Hill, City of KoronadalKoronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083)
2281893

Email Address: [email protected]

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