Modeling a Steel Structure Using ROBOT-2016

Define Region, Units, Materials & Database:

Model Initialization:
 More -> Frame 3D Design.
 Tools -> Preferences -> Regional Settings (Eurocode) -> Accept -> Yes.
 Tools -> Job Preferences -> Units and Formats (metric -> yes) -> Materials (S275;C20/25;…) -> Database ->
Steel and Timber Sections (Keep Euro and delete others) -> OK.

Draw:
Grids:
 Geometry -> Axis Definition -> Insert Data for X; Y & Z -> Add -> Apply -> Close.
Column:
 Geometry -> Properties -> Bar Sections -> Delete All Existing Sections -> New Section Definition ->
Standard -> Select the Suitable Section -> Add -> Close -> Close.
 Right Panel -> Bars -> Select the section -> Draw Columns -> Close.
 Select the Drawn Columns -> Edit -> Edit -> Move/Copy -> Insert Data -> Execute -> Close.
 Select a Column -> Middle of Left Panel -> Geometry -> Properties -> Gamma -> Set the Rotation Angle for
the Needed Columns.
 Select Similar Columns -> Middle of Left Panel -> Groups -> Create a group out of the selection -> Rename
-> Columns -> Delete Nodes if there are.
Rafter:
 Similar Steps as Columns.
 Right Click -> Display -> Mark with Colors -> Check the suitable option -> OK.
To Draw a Haunch:
 Geometry -> Additional Attributes -> Brackets -> New ->Name -> Insert Data -> Add -> Close -> Click on
rafters you need to be Haunched.
 To Draw Tapered Section:
 Select Rafter -> Edit -> Divide -> Divide it 25%; 50% 25%.
 Geometry -> Properties -> Bar Sections -> New -> Tapered -> Select Section Type -> Insert Data -> Label it
-> Add.
 Define other parts of tapered Rafter -> Select new rafters part -> assign new sections.
Truss:
 Right Panel -> Library Structures -> Choose The Suitable Truss -> Insert Data (Dimensions; More; Sections;
Insert; continued chord-no) -> Apply -> OK.
 Select the Truss -> Copy It as Needed.
 Select All Trusses -> Top Panel -> Edit in New Window.
 Select Upper Chord -> Make Group.
 Select All Internal Elements -> Geometry -> Additional Attributes -> Advance Bar Properties -> Check
“Truss bars – only axial forces act” -> Uncheck “Tension/Compression Bars” -> Uncheck Others -> Apply ->
Close.
 Truss Support must be pinned and roller.
 Select Internal Elements -> Make Group.
 Select Truss Columns -> Release -> Fixed – Pinned.
Supports:
 Select all Support Nodes -> Right Panel -> Supports -> Choose “Pinned” for Frames and “Fixed” for Truss
Column Supports -> Apply -> Close.
Side Rails:
 Draw a new Axis to help in drawing -> Draw One Side Rail.
 Rotate the Section As needed.
  Select it -> Geometry -> Releases -> Pinned – Pinned -> Apply –> Close.
 Select it -> Copy it -> Make Group.
 Select Upper Side Rail -> group it alone with a different section -> Eave Beam.
Purlins:
 Select any Beam -> Edit -> Divide -> Check the Suitable Option -> Check “Generate nodes without
bar/edge division” -> Execute -> Close.
 Right Click -> Display -> View -> Uncheck “Grid” -> Apply -> Ok.
 Right Click -> Snap Settings -> Snap Settings -> None -> Check only “Nodes” -> Select the Created Node ->
Copy it.
 Draw Purlins Similar to above -> Rotate it -> Release it.
 Select purlins -> Edit -> Edit -> Vertical Mirror.
 Check all local Axis (Red axis upward).
 Select all purlins -> Copy it -> Make Group.
Wind Columns & Beams:
 Draw Helper Axis -> Snap Setting “All” -> Draw Wind Columns -> Rotate as Needed -> Mirror it -> Check
Local Axis (Red Axis Outward) -> Release Pinned (Bottom) – Pinned (Top) -> Assign Fixed Support -> Copy
it -> Make Group.
 Draw Wind Beams similar to above -> Release Pinned – Pinned -> Copy it -> Check Local Axis -> Make
Group.
Bracings:
 Snap Settings to Node and Structural Axis only.
 Draw Bracings -> Mirror it -> Copy it -> Check Local Axis (Red Axis Upward and Outward).
 Select All Bracings -> Geometry -> Additional Attributes -> Advance Bar Properties -> Check “Truss bars –
only axial forces act” -> Check “Tension Bars” -> Uncheck Others -> Apply -> Close.
 Make Group.
Claddings:
 Snap Settings to Node only.
 Geometry -> Claddings -> Load Distribution (One Way X) -> Check Rectangle or Contour -> Draw Claddings
using three or more Nodes -> Copy Claddings.
 Check Local Axis (Blue Axis must be perpendicular to Side Rails, Red Axis Upward in Roof, Red Axis must
be in Unique Direction for walls in each elevation).
 Select Claddings -> Geometry -> Properties -> Local Panel Direction -> check the needed option -> Apply.

Define of Loads & Combinations:

Loads:
 Loads -> Load Types.
Name Nature Subnature remark
SW Dead Structural
SIDL Dead Structural
Live Live Category … According to Eurocode
SN Snow Snow
Wind Loads:
 Loads -> Wind Loads Simulation -> Generate Wind Loads -> General (check X+); wind Velocity (insert
speed); Terrain Level (insert wind level) -> Start -> Generate Load Now.
 Repeat for Y+ and other directions if needed.
 Load -> Load Types -> Rename Wind Loads.
Load Combinations:
 Loads -> Automatic Combinations -> Check “Full Automatic Combinations” -> More -> Combinations
(Check only ULS & SLS) -> Generate.
OR
 Loads -> Manual Combinations.
Number Type Name SW SID LL SN Wx Wy
 L
101 ULS C1: D 1.35 1.35
102 ULS C2: D+S 1.25 1.25 1.5
103 ULS C3: D+Wx 1 1 1.5
104 ULS C4: D+Wy 1 1 1.5
105 ULS C5: D+S+Wx 1.25 1.25 1.5 1.05
106 ULS C6: D+S+Wy 1.25 1.25 1.5 1.05
107 ULS C7: D+S+Wx 1.25 1.25 1.05 1.5
108 ULS C8: D+S+Wy 1.25 1.25 1.05 1.5

Numbe SW SIDL LL SN Wx Wy
Type Name
r
101 ULS UC1: D 1.35 1.35
102 ULS UC2: D+L 1.35 1.35 1.5
103 ULS UC3: D+L+S 1.35 1.35 1.5 1.5*Ψ
104 ULS UC4: D+L+Wx 1.35 1.35 1.5 1.5*Ψ
105 ULS UC5: D+L+Wy 1.35 1.35 1.5 1.5*Ψ
106 ULS UC6: D+L+S+Wx 1.35 1.35 1.5 1.5*Ψ 1.5*Ψ
107 ULS UC7: D+L+S+Wy 1.35 1.35 1.5 1.5*Ψ 1.5*Ψ
108 ULS UC8: D+S 1.35 1.35 1.5
109 ULS UC9: D+L+S 1.35 1.35 1.5*Ψ 1.5
110 ULS UC10: D+S+Wx 1.35 1.35 1.5 1.5*Ψ
111 ULS UC11: D+S+Wy 1.35 1.35 1.5 1.5*Ψ
112 ULS UC12: D+L+S+Wx 1.35 1.35 1.5*Ψ 1.5 1.5*Ψ
113 ULS UC13: D+L+S+Wy 1.35 1.35 1.5*Ψ 1.5 1.5*Ψ
114 ULS UC14: D+Wx 1.35 1.35 1.5
115 ULS UC15: D+Wy 1.35 1.35 1.5
116 ULS UC16: D+L+Wx 1.35 1.35 1.5*Ψ 1.5
117 ULS UC17: D+L+Wy 1.35 1.35 1.5*Ψ 1.5
118 ULS UC18: D+S+Wx 1.35 1.35 1.5*Ψ 1.5
119 ULS UC19: D+S+Wy 1.35 1.35 1.5*Ψ 1.5
120 ULS UC20: D+L+S+Wx 1.35 1.35 1.5*Ψ 1.5*Ψ 1.5
121 ULS UC21: D+L+S+Wy 1.35 1.35 1.5*Ψ 1.5*Ψ 1.5
122 ULS UC22: D+Wx 1 1 1.5
123 ULS UC23: D+Wy 1 1 1.5
Numbe SW SIDL LL SN Wx Wy
Type Name
r
201 SLS SC1: D 1 1
202 SLS SC2: D+L 1 1 1
203 SLS SC3: D+L+S 1 1 1 Ψ
204 SLS SC4: D+L+Wx 1 1 1 Ψ
205 SLS SC5: D+L+Wy 1 1 1 Ψ
206 SLS SC6: D+L+S+Wx 1 1 1 Ψ Ψ
207 SLS SC7: D+L+S+Wy 1 1 1 Ψ Ψ
208 SLS SC8: D+S 1 1 1
209 SLS SC9: D+L+S 1 1 Ψ 1
210 SLS SC10: D+S+Wx 1 1 1 Ψ
211 SLS SC11: D+S+Wy 1 1 1 Ψ
212 SLS SC12: D+L+S+Wx 1 1 Ψ 1 Ψ
213 SLS SC13: D+L+S+Wy 1 1 Ψ 1 Ψ
214 SLS SC14: D+Wx 1 1 1
 215 SLS SC15: D+Wy 1 1 1
216 SLS SC16: D+L+Wx 1 1 Ψ 1
217 SLS SC17: D+L+Wy 1 1 Ψ 1
218 SLS SC18: D+S+Wx 1 1 Ψ 1
219 SLS SC19: D+S+Wy 1 1 Ψ 1
220 SLS SC20: D+L+S+Wx 1 1 Ψ Ψ 1
221 SLS SC21: D+L+S+Wy 1 1 Ψ Ψ 1

Assign:
Dead, Live & Snow Loads:
 Select everything -> Loads -> Load Definitions -> Select Load Case to Assign (SID) from Upper Panel ->
Select Surface -> Select Suitable Load -> Insert Data (global; z-direction) -> Add -> Apply.
 Select Roof -> assign Snow and Live in Similar way -> Insert Data (Global; Projected load).
 Select Bracings -> Geometry -> Additional Attributes -> Load Distribution – Options -> insert the bars
numbers from the upper panel -> Ignore -> Close.

Analysis and Results:

Analysis:
 Calculate from upper panel.
Results:
 Results -> Diagrams for Bars -> Parameters (labels; differentiated; filled) -> Apply.
 -> NTM (select suitable force).
 -> Deformation -> Check Deformation -> Start.

Design:
Members Types:
 Purlins & Side Rails have Lateral Buckling and don’t have Buckling because there are no axial forces.
 Design -> Steel Member Design Option -> Code Parameters.
 Select Bracings; Lower Chord & Internal Elements -> move it to selection place in member type window ->
select simple bar -> Apply.
 New -> Name it Upper Chord -> Main Buckling (Member length Ly; select Sway structure; Last case-> ok ->
check “define manually coordinates of the existing bracings” -> as the vertical internal elements);
(Member length Lz; select Sway structure; Last case-> ok -> check “define manually coordinates of the
existing bracings” -> as the purlins) -> No Lateral Buckling (Box section) -> Service (Check only “deflection
from live load”) -> ok.
 Select all upper chords -> Move it to selection Place in member type window -> Select Upper Chord ->
Apply.
 New -> name it Purlin -> No Buckling -> lateral Buckling (Upper Flange-X; Lower Flange-1L 0 or 0.5L0) ->
service (check only “deflection from live load”) -> save.
 Select all Purlins -> move it to selection place in member type window -> select Purlin -> Apply.
 Repeat for side rails; wind columns; by creating a similar member type with suitable lower flange value.
 New -> Name it Wind Beam -> No Buckling; No Lateral Buckling; uncheck “Limit deflection and
displacement” -> Save.
 Select wind columns -> move it to selection place in member type window -> select Wind Beam -> Apply.
 New -> Name it Column -> Main Buckling (Member length Ly; select Sway structure; first case-> ok -> 1.5)
-> (Member length Lz; select Non Sway structure; first case-> ok -> 0.85 (if there is no restraints) or
(0.85*L1/L if there is a restraint) -> Lateral Buckling (Upper Flange and Lower Flange as the value of Lz) ->
Service (Check only “node displacement”) -> ok.
 Select All Columns -> Move it to selection Place in member type window -> Select Column -> Apply.
  New -> Name it Rafter -> No Main Buckling -> Lateral Buckling (Upper Flange -> Intermediate bracings ->
check “At Points where Adjoining elements are located” -> ok); (Lower Flange -> L 0 -> ok) -> Service
(Check only “deflection from live load”) -> ok.
 Select All Rafters -> Move it to selection Place in member type window -> Select Rafter -> Apply.
Group Design:
 Design -> Steel Design -> Steel/Aluminum Design -> Groups -> New -> select icon from upper panel ->
Group -> Select Side Rails -> Copy numbers and paste it in Number list -> sections -> check “Europe” ->
check “Section Families” -> select sections -> ok -> Name (side Rails) -> Material (S275) -> Save -> Ok.
 Select “Code Group Design” -> List -> Side rails -> Select -> Check ULS -> Calculations -> Check SLS ->
Calculations -> Change All -> Yes -> Close -> Analysis New Calculation -> New Design.
 Repeat for All Groups.
Connection Design:
 Design -> Steel Design -> Connections -> Select the node and its members -> Upper Panel -> New
Connection for selected Bars.
For Column Base Connection:
 Plate (insert Data) -> Foundation (insert Data) -> Anchorage (insert Data, Class 8.8) -> Wedge (insert Data)
-> Welds (insert Data) -> Apply -> ok.
 Upper Panel -> Design of Connections from a structure -> Check Combinations -> Calculations -> Left
Panel -> Right Click on the Connection -> properties to modify.
For Column-Beam or Beam-Beam Connection:
 Plate (insert Data) -> Brackets (insert Data) -> Bolts (insert Data) -> Stiffeners (insert Data) -> Welds (insert
Data) -> Apply Ok.
Footing Design:
 Results -> Reactions -> right click -> filter -> Select Node -> Any -> deselect -> type node number -> Case ->
select all cases -> Copy all forces to excel Sheet.
 Open new ROBOT file -> New Project -> Right Panel -> New Foundation -> General (insert Data) -> Pier
(select “Bolted” or “Doweled”) -> Optimization (select suitable option) -> Apply.
 RC Element -> Loads -> Insert Loads as the excel sheet -> Add -> Close.
 RC Elements -> Load Table (to check inserted loads).
 Tools -> Job Preferences -> Design Codes -> Loads -> choose Eurocode Combinations -> Ok.
 RC Elements -> Soil -> insert Data -> Apply -> Calculation