Research Methods and Presentation (ECEG-4341)

Research Title: RFID Based Door Lock system

Name of Group Members ID no.

1.Bereket Chufamo …………………………………………………..ramit/380/11

2.Bereketeab Bekele…………………………………………………..ramit/394/11

3.Moa Wubie…………………………………………………………...ramit/1338/11

4.Temesigen Abraha…………………………………………………….ramit/1771/11

Submitted to:Tilahun W.
JULLY, 2022
Table Content Page
Abstract -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------i

CHAPTER 1: PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION ------------------------------------------------------ 1

1.1 Introduction-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

1.2 Background information----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

1.3 Statement of the problem—-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2

1.4 Scope of Project .................................................................................................................... 2

1.5 Significance of the Project .................................................................................................... 2

1.6 Objectives ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

1.6.1 General objectives---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

1.6.2 Specific objectives---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

2.1 Literature review……………………………………………………………………….….4

CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY---------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

3.1 Materials ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6

3.1.1 Hardware requirement---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6

3.1.2 Software requirement----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6

3.2 Work plan and time --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7

3.3 Cost breakdown table/budget---------------------------------------------------------------------- 7

3.4 References ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8

RFID BASED DOOR LOCK SYSTEM ii

 ABSTRACT

Nowadays security is becoming very big concern at home or at different institutions

due to increased theft of information or other materials. Our project can be implemented at home
or at different institutions to solve those problems. So that someone with no registered unique id
can’t lock or unlock our door. The RFID based door lock system uses cheap and good security
technology to secure our homes or other institutions where the system will be implemented. The
system allows us to restrict access so that unauthorized person (someone with no registered
unique id) cannot lock the door.

Therefore, our home will be protected from theft or unauthorized access of home
weather we are around or not. The hardware components used for this project are pic18f43k22
Microcontroller, LCD Display, RC522 (which have RFID reader, RFID tag), buzzer/led,
breadboard, resistors, and jumping wires. The system works by interfacing RFID module with
Microcontroller

RFID BASED DOOR LOCK SYSTEM iii

CHAPTER 1: PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Since innovation is so cutting-edge, one of a kind access control frameworks have turned
out essential to win security dangers to different associations. The need for more sophisticated
and reliable door lock security system is becoming very important because of the rising of theft
carried out by different thieves at home, schools, university and other government and private
institutions. Hence different people are looking for the solution that has better security and low
cost that has remedy for such problems. The traditional way of door lock system using key are
becoming vulnerable to theft because they can be opened through simple mechanical ways and
having key with similar shape.

The earliest known door lock was discovered during an archaeological excavation at the
Palace of Khorsabad, which was constructed in ancient Assyria — what is now Northern Iraq.
Dated to around 4000 BCE,From that ancient beginning the advancement of door locks has
traveled a lot until it reaches the todays level which is smart and automatic door locks. It wasn’t
until later in the 20th century that door security began to resemble the advanced systems we are
accustomed to now. Two major inventions helped revolutionize card access systems into what
they are today. Firstly, the internet transformed the world in the 1990s, allowing for server-based
data basing and networking. Secondly, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) was created.
Charles Walton invented a passive RFID tag to enhance security in door-locking systems. He
added an RFID label to a key card and fitted a reader at the door. Since then, the key card system
has become widespread in many modern buildings

In this project we made use of RFID tag or unique identification card to be registered on the
system so that the microcontroller will make decision by comparing the RFID tag used by the
person who is trying to lock the door with unique id in its database. When it matches it will open
the door and display access is granted on the LCD and when it does not match it will not open
the door and it sends an alarm that someone with no valid id is trying to access the door to the
owner. This will help individual people and organization to keep better their homes and offices
secured. This project can be expanded for many functions and application more like including
who accessed? When? For how long? Etc.
RFID BASED DOOR LOCK SYSTEM 1
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Due to vulnerability of traditional door lock security system in most of our living houses,
offices, shops, industries and educational institutions, many file and property are lost by locking
the door mechanically. For instance, exam papers and grade report at schools and university can
be stolen or lost, from home materials like TV sets, refrigerators, ovens, wearing clothes and
different valuable materials are being stolen through the simple techniques like using similar key
or sharp materials. Therefore, some form of secure and low-cost solution is needed to solve the
above problems. The project can be implemented to solve the above problems

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT

The main concept of this project is its ability in solving the problem of home and working place
security. It helps by highly reducing loss of our individual and public important materials from
theft and unauthorized access. By using the usual kind of door lock system, there are many
destructions and loss of our documents and properties taking place. The loss of such materials
and documents is not only the loss of those materials only, but it is the loss of many wealth,
career and educational level related to those properties.

1.4 THE SCOP OF PROJECT

The goal of this particular project is to provide the community with more secured door lock
system than usual. Its area of coverage can extend all over the world with little budget and export
expense. But it is more of focused on our country where the usual way of lock and key system is
used widely.

RFID BASED DOOR LOCK SYSTEM 2

1.5 OBJECTIVES

1.5.1 GENERAL OBJECTIVES

 Make a digitalized door lock i.e. efficient and effective means of security system for
homes, offices, industries, Organizations and institutions to keep them more secured than
usual.

1.5.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

 Make a system with RFID tag or card with a database through the pre-registered number
differentiating the card or tag as registered or not therefore shows acceptance or rejection
of the person on the LCD display to enter or not enter through the door.
 Use the RFID integrated with the Microcontroller to process and so that the reader, the
LCD display, the doors’ motor, the warning buzzer/led and the cards work together to
open and close the door or stay closed

RFID BASED DOOR LOCK SYSTEM 3

 CHAPTER 2
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW

Now a day RFID has been used every day, sometimes without knowing, for example wen
paying money for our electric meter, accessing public transport, using our passports to board a
flight or when making payments in-store. RFID – Radio-Frequency Identification – uses
electromagnetic fields to identify and track objects which carry either a passive or active tag.

RFID – the technology on which Near Field Communication (NFC) is also based – is thought
to have been created during WWII. One of the forerunners for this technology was the
revolutionary electrical musical instruments developed by Leon Theremin. The instrument could
be played without physical touch due to waves generated by the instrument being at a static
frequency. The concept of this invention led to the creation of Theremin's Thing following the
Second World War.

In the 1970s, RFID tags were used to monitor railway carriages. Today, RFID tags are used
by many organizations such as the NHS and big retail chains across the world to track assets,
manage stock or control quality processes. Due to the technological advancements these tags can
be used to track almost anything. RFID was, however, officially invented in 1983 by Charles
Walton when he filed the first patent with the word ‘RFID’. NFC started making the headlines in
2002 and has since then continued to develop.

RFID BASED DOOR LOCK SYSTEM 4

 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY AND SYTEM DESIGN

3.1METHODOLOGY

This project is about RFID based electronic locks using pic microcontrollers. RFID tags are used
to open and close electronic locks. Only those users who have authentic RFID tags will be able
to open locks by using their assigned RFID tags or cards. In this RFID based electronic lock, the
RFID module is interfaced with a pic microcontroller. RFID receiver used to receive tag number
through radio frequency communication and RFID receiver sends this received number through
serial communication to microcontroller. Radio Frequency Identification Lock is an electronic

It is automatic locking mechanism, because the door motor is activated and opens the door
automatically and closes after limited time of period or seconds, using a mobile specific Radio wave
of fixed frequency to unlock a locking mechanism. The tag is encrypted with a unique code and the
reader scans this code for the identification purpose. And those registered unique code out on virtual
terminal (black box

Fig 2.1 Block diagram of the system

RFID BASED DOOR LOCK SYSTEM 5

3.2 MATERIALS

3.2.1 Hardware Requirement

o RFID reader and tag

o LCD
o Servomotor
o Microcontroller
o Buzzer

3.2.2 Software Requirement

o LCD routine
o Servomotor routine
o Main controller routine
o Buzzer routine
o Proteus 8.11Simulator

Components of the system

PIC18f43k22 microcontroller

RC522 RFID

RFID Readers are composed of an antenna and an electronic module. The antenna is used
for communicating with RFID tags wirelessly. The electronic module is networked with the
cables and relay messages between the microcontroller and all the tags with the antenna’s range

16X2LCD

The LCD display module includes 2x16-character lines and a 16-pin connector. Each character
position is identified by its row number (1 or 2), and its column number (from 1 to 16). The LCD
interface offers many ways to easily create a user interface to display text messages and other
application related information, whilst using very few internal hardware resources .

RFID BASED DOOR LOCK SYSTEM 6

3.2 WORK PLAN AND TIME

No. Work Plan Time

1 Proposal submission and presentation 1week

2 Collecting Software and Manuals needed 2 days

3 Arduino and Android coding and Simulation with appropriate software 1 week

4 Components Collection, testing circuit and recording of results 1 week

5 Compile the final paper work and Prepare PPT and ready for presentation 5 days

3.3 COST BREAKDOWN TABLE

Name of Materials Specification Quantity Total Cost (in ETB)

Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller 1 pc ……….

Servo Motor 1 pc ……….

RFID Module (MFRC522) 1 pc ……….

LCD Display 16*2 1 pc ……….

Resistors (10kΩ) 3 pc ……….

Red, Green, Yellow LED Light 1 ,1 ,1 pc ……….

Diode

Potentiometer 1 pc ……….

Breadboard & Buzzer 1,1 pc ……….

RFID BASED DOOR LOCK SYSTEM 7

3.4 REFERENCES
[1] Orji EZ, Oleka CV, Nduanya UI, Automatic Access Control System using Arduino and RFID,
Journal of Scientific and EngineeringResearch, 2018, 5(4):333-340 ISSN: 2394-2630

[2] Website Reference: https://www.arduino.cc

[3] Dejan Nedelkovski, (2017), "How RFID Works and How To Make an
Arduino based RFID Door Lock” Arduino Tutorial

RFID BASED DOOR LOCK SYSTEM 8