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Statistical Mechanics

Statistical mechanics class note

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Roy Ricky
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62 views

Statistical Mechanics

Statistical mechanics class note

Uploaded by

Roy Ricky
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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ASSgnmen€ OF SLRS CO te chpenk cS | Nome vevishod Section) I~ F) Dake 2a )e44)0023 cece 6 .5¢ re) physi elt Not Ol ean BD uae “Tq the Ahace. dimensional Spal which Lecstion of parkicle ts Completely oiven toy tha gostion Coordi nat fs coWed Pesttion Spates The memenkuey vt a patie ts completly specifies by ik 2- mudvatly ponpordicelos, mamentum cowdirete could as amomentur) SPV Ay Combinokion of positien space f momintard pote known ar phase Speece « , Low o porticla to 40 # aad se Spr, . . mens fot a got ihe, om 20D be dinnonsi ons for ~ goukida tm 2 G cmentional freach plese porn im phase Space Aapresents ov Uuntquc tue of pastice o a System ef pootieles » Agen Cheadh QU Dt: Ap fe Wass from svlotion Bx Op 2b Ea” ba. epxh x fo 20 Volume of PrOUe cell => Aa dy PEA AR Ap. ah &) most probose distaddtton & Uke one hich have maoimun no -Of- miarcsiae & Ins ts movlinun - Also ba mest probable dickkeution d(tn.o’) =o fs we Know C r -CEe nce )de = gle) dé: & " oe ne nce) de > fys.20 canaye” ehmtge } Re é he me ome) fe > OME yp “ _eli ney ( eer f £ “5 Tbe ~ Y g UK h 0 ne Wy (EL) Nei we ie : Lz zU 2hmkT -Mkr ” cee ) .€@ | ¢ We C volume of ceil ov SiBe of coll) i | S © Eqptigastton a Tet _ euociates wir ts te Wee ” as oo estate, postin oc memonng whith conbitates quadratic equi Whriun sy _putictes detovibed 4 | - Coonkvoetns @, /%y Un) 4 CRs hy - fa) ae sgt be ere a B MN fi} Cnengy 7F Meom enegyy yor pooticle here fe - «pati _ Jertt) 5 fe dy Fay edgy 4, Ha <4, JEM GAY Oye aN? je* ay, dqyer AV 6, 4Q, 4 Ke “Know that probably | is i & tects HeUepu oT He EFPV He NKTE nk? [(b0%) He nerf is clval, Sins 4 wg gla finite “Temptatiate Wed toy Ve psoall , Wy Send Veyuitment fon Spotted Hse «st go of porekicles yids Mmt 0 -OF poet ret ws Contidesr Yack bedy soclosute a VT, The enclocurw t dilled with qodtodi on of boson ges Porticles = potth abs pro tas. no -of pholers bto- £ GE+dE ne) dE = 4ce) ae — ) ade—| | eet quomtum atates bbeu. pe PIP fo, \K=0 ha qce)dp = Vimeree —@ > tos 4000 diy” of polociz.ahitons £qy-@ Xe - sxprdev ace) dp = sap ee = hy 2 hYe qv = envwd So, ZENO; AHO % c Aly) dv - ga@d¥ envy” | w ts _ —ater enorguy demalty => c.nenidy 2 my. ory 1 ay ea Hyer, (Oe i 9 5 RP b_( aang ,\9? uo)ds 9 2b (“4 Plomye fowd ot Rodrstittion, ieinls hewn = lek ARS ucr) dds Snhe an ae. obs ea —| a =- 0 » hen fer shorter 4 dono Fompsalte P77 ky aya Sah , ula) = oe eli on gnhe na hee fy Ce uss Sh TD C ie £A au “da \ edema ano Pot I b [be certont| Prot Te b beahe _— \ Huth k, i soo - Qkzmonn ja v-fuoera Jf fre gre ih iy ehh svc KI % _ ence FE AR pa gh Fe [sc _ Loe) 1s] ue oe Gen! E i % _ 84 K wr © [4p Ve atl . on vl at Ee > Tw t 4 ise \rr aoe 4 yeh E-6T AG) ote -einstein condensin To prove nowt portitle tn Gacued slate = aft 3] Ble tren) i ae Gea ) IK At Ted, fe fasge = ne, me of pout poo £ & Eade nceyde = VA Pare’ na where 4CEe gle) YOU sim ol 4 for Grand state Erfy =o} 9(E)=0 Buk proach coutley {t should be erty beloue there 7 one stale at Bao. but FAO que gle) tO: at fen ay slate qe (, €¢ Ep £020 es ti P=) i = jl fin a x gj A ET Le fi = PE, “rian n0-ce partie. ade n= hy ¢{ dn 4, for E-B=0 San fer Exo: Rie byt fg, Hmviz a dé 4. pelt) 24s % ae 4. a4ot ef a de ner] vohore Y= & “oat KT Le te - sete foe pneu Hehe 4 14% h x eL | 3 wie, |de * ale oe a J Arf, 4 46% K a an oe * Be La 3 , [ Aut £4, %) +4464) | — _&) fy? elf Ut as, t deg oa joken x20) A=! Lo ty) OO) = [less at dtd a | £0 Bi ne =u Réamann Dla func’ lot Te To when Aa 0, fe! te Ass [+3647 spt an 4. 4, Ce], ‘T2Th Fhe - vane} " Bea Tg 7 th Fy) = 4 We re thot M7) ho) No ot pan 2 excited stats sa, =) (Gey Fan fay CA) @ 20-No 0 Ayom &© or Coyptre montinu ny rahe foy hb =0, Tee Monuistium) 0-0 posboele, br A=d Ths i y Occupying Hates above toh ® -4(3)" Number of fashicle «im Gaawrd stoke thy =H 4' $,-%- FZ) ne "6/1 FJ” | 3la- _ AC)'- Tdeal bo Gas = for GE. Skodistic - Kea APE, = oo Ny. od puvticle. slate bekwerd cs eaat. NCE)AE = alee Sh 23 G ial “on dP. _\ 7" ( a) PREY PL no oF poutice& she Jnceict ~ Pa my | de a om Fr) ‘BFE , Ae 4: 1" [2mm " tp tt Ub tps pe (reat me “Ee | ae, ak —— fh ates ory F> (se rE) Af = 2GKT his ay 4) o oR Ae ‘ _® x 4 . Ir J 2 Ate | 14 ap + t- Je, DA [485 xa Shy rd € * or da 23 fa tigdeed ee fi + <5, a ut +, sk 3 @ from «4-0 be Me fide Bee -[-@ | azo Fh Sea 3 Tao 7 oo] —_—— @ - p> See Tl oa SA Sy SY oft pt Qe) Ee net fH Sh fr ‘Gr c(t j oo apne Bineeniatly 3 (fo ge en Bt [" os ee | © Tong tern of of —©) he hte a 42 * y na Using = ue grit |r Ps) 7 hey fa Bev 1, stow a (Fe) as) meni fe Alsy fey idew! ee eo hae enn’ p-- la 2 2 Vay S ermine tees one eas "© in Cade of ident Gite Gas PREY -—@P . AE Pegensro4 2A to ae q = vam] Se 4S Ne [ire “8, ae “Vo pe2 a ert oe—”"—~™Ss sheer Ye 4 @) rho TEU spin of ate” & am integer (2e49) J therefor t fa basen. So ft follros Bole Ernstein cledistics Je dicen of Mquid Helirm;— ? r ko (Tet) wthe ade come peculiar propertics etki Ay the Pryurd tHe AE fad temperatures 4 the namal tiling pong oF Mud (Hel) ak the phate Aigiorw for te hay To- trifle pl. Thus Solid ig not formed only hy Cooling, Sly Satunated Vopouss presse - gthe Solid skibs OF Helin CHe") sesh! form umlus Tf & sulgecte tron extemal Pressule of at kost (2 etm) , Kewl Uyutd He te Condach with “ds vopaut-t coofar, fr begero te show ov dacmoiic Chomge ty propel ak TaTe € tte value 4 i sae, GH) hog a ttl Cadel 5 Uauid Helium (,tte*) ts no verily as T0 ~4 G 6 eistecia a cat T= bb KR (ond th U similnr % BE chatich’cs ) na A. aie amoleqy Blvd Wyld He-L 4BE gas ts Gen by Scterttist Aend om We Kaew that tho @P qu degenana lis “bh Acton = 3 (eT) ° ) eV Le | Gs | | | Ae A . ni He tome ane very bo try mas 4 donsly Cd Jet Lquid U very high Go Oe dogencraly w Sig niticomtly Woh but Lew sughy fe0 te Urystc) f& bohane BS + Avlegy ee a temp Ty) | Condens | ump (ap) 4 quea dy x wh [{y aeCERey Bn) tek (he VS Der XW 4¢) —O pub the values 4 respecte aquontities fh NOD or He state Te = lnk (BE Codiensgdion Temp) Th =3\84 K (Apt temp. Fer tte) “these tie values are vesy Chose. ¢ Siynificaat enough te Consvioy Wes prose. transits os a BE Candongation, duc te this 240409 Lopyden Gngidns> A-Arantth 69 fa Usyid He or BE Condensation 6) tas zh Tica Sygested tl He Crete) tonsich Of FHP independent Compments, q neyenal fluid Co) 4 Soper Fhaid Cg) deta mo-of- Paatiles ave Couto (ne 4¢Ny) pleomel Fudd behave ostisuo] Corbi butiyy free eno yiseosiG] af Low ee favo futds Noma Super fui densily fr f, Viscos) G Ven % Fatal density 4 f= (fmt $<) —O fled aque a (f, Unt fe vy ) -o—@ se possible moder of nption would mot—be q Sure ty. whe meee. wave as mass donate a sath &E may be w Sinoscidal variation afenboey PEL unit mast ber, Superfiuld Has no enbory - 3 The normal 4 Supurflucd esate out of leads be a thermal ware or Selerg Sound wae (ontpory wave) vetoed anaopy Us Sper om af Liquid He-Z Face | Ve Ther wx) Ln n $f A Corenct cos eens) Fae Oy &) phold» Postel pipe ot Unit arco oF Cress Sackicn the entropy “entering the Volume pov Koon of ane foe 7s . | Saba “n= (fe) My - Ontathy Jeavir9, face 2-9(4e)\y 1£ Coeur) de. Supple $3 Obging) Lerhopy within volume +9 Continual fy veqyt 9 — 8s =f 4 B26 (fey) —© (Lcovtant) — — f S 8 vq $s Se We “eet a) | 2 \-6s _ [ees CID (Yn reall) Lr to opefaces have temp -T & Crér) Wer quombiiy 4 ot heat dQ tvansfamed aorris Per Setod = Ee Ss > antenpy Tremsfemed adress Sy = Che Vn) && =T(4s v,) Reuwrsibe werden fe heat tearler (8 =a. 68) = br “T( fon) 6w=(£.¥,)6T —© “THE Sesuulbe Pp chowge fm KE witr Céx ) THKE oF TE Byukd per ott voteume ° = Sc £44”) + 3.u™. f 3) ann (1+ iE (“J) Wig aN@ seeginett ty £ vet fin y”—© fy “ths Role of chomg® 4 BE - per enit-vetume $0 2 $.L0 Vy, 8% bt $c " f) chore (» KE with bx §o_ = x \ (8 Ble(S4em 4 &) —@ Sum 04 © 4D bux (Shy, ae ix) = (~ §.%5T) bn. =a _s&r|— -[Ee--4]-0 Ke Knood (hal 6 4 ov 8h fg Soot & joe GR mw 2g (f. by 6D & ff. “Ste Cy bse ee $< oks)— © J &} ot avcticn of theres WaVl oF SeCend Ware, = a i [# __ (veloaly of thera! vox ve iS #(% i] ] Second Sound Ware, U,30 TOTS Cf, 40) As (T9303 S30; WOE Buk (u, - (st mG far 130) “ther Means thet Thee flea at aasoctahy a Saper fluc lity Cordence pecrtides 04 naturel am tension of London's theary oF He- & wor care te 9 Diet alle ony | a0 os Rasfcally fountadn effec when Ye Sale Ayu} He-IL gower omerges fiom te Opt Live dounlata 4 is & eastealy ee Ce cfounbotinn Rae. feet < s +r Bos tcoly tue Flu) mode) -ferr Liquid UHe Lordend “tisza, jnctaperd ently develope] a tuo -Fluéd made) to describe thove, phenomencn (-fountetin effoot), Actirding (Wa two Fluid model ; sallmo Th) Mewetl “He Com te traght af ay Taio thter penetrate Fuids auled as novel (pee fll compa ee cag Fluiy Component dogs nl Gny uiehopy, | Gis tebed fn LPYFlad Hash poms $ Graces. im | addition {k dowsn'b Patexock wittr tee weells afar LAS containing Ma fliudl fra distve easton | Ln Contrast, Ke novmol Compcert transport ect § exh viscesibf which allads Goosfer of eneroy bls WG Uquid { Walls He normal -fhud density dec. with dec. temp. ) Where as the Super flag clanst Up ine, peceme dominant” at (¢ lowest temp. The Super fluid compos” Rep Uke nevrmal fluid which Corer es Ime heal accay from WE heat Soure. My flow of Ike Super Plat Comporon- Lodo a Source of heal reagi mont fest én the farmtacn effect Menh'omeof proviculy Ke nevred Pluto Casisls of a Gs of — quantises) thorma) excitahions bal inclde tee phonons qneene If ees psedected ‘thar there +50 | Fluid « model etplan the foumtuin feeb - 3)> Cetiling oF feline tae place Mike tt) a ae a aa = Sagprttuad boiliag Noronal Fluid gy & fehou Uoo thormel fit bos qoot ternal CenduchyiG] i.e m= (od condi hi by ie =a) Has go ha'e Pot ratian Formula, @) Saha'c Lontzatten formula gives be deqvee ot Font zation of abot Fo4 Intume of AS ternprretnn, (ow pressus) & poticlo dansily « consiher a Go ab remperature, high encuyl te Cage tty atem minty violent Cpbtisiane willy 220k other, During tite Crtitsiens Sone of loose their Valence & 4 ae icnised come of ims fared way wpture the free, E | became nether AOD ops: Gensler IK follow dry ASuamphans | . 1) tforwcctomitc qos with Single font vations. 7 2) Centorhtia) ot nuvler’ spin b negligi Be 3) Bromtol Tuullibrln & cstoblished bho ‘enicasinn § Secombaroho ak qven Compuralre Th peesiuc P A= Atte —O Hae AS meutsal alime @) Hts fons @) ¢ 25 Wlectnns(p) ' At eyililriom divect 4 Reverse reaction’ balome enth othe’ 4 20-0F atm AMS 4 Ceepyrs will emouin Cmtanks Weknod bral Tizammedymon ade -puamale rohich gumaing CovdanFrat equilibrium th Chamwen} patentiy fo qe Mi te ——Q@) te Know chamited atan al porkicls. System ay = kT bn ZG syls fortis N—B) — porbbicn functor fom 6) 48) sen ~ KT In Se = —kT in Ze _kT In Ze Ne = —© ln %a_ = In xi. Ze a Za _ XL Xe Na ne Ne No alpale. Co aleale = £22 —G) Na za Herc Ny No -oF dons Ne —y Alo of hlec rms Na —> Alo OF afcans we knead Pret pub functor oF these gaufiles ve Some as tal eft u monoaion’ —e = Je Vv oe) a - De k j Zp 2 4eV ed 7)S 3) eae Rae o VC “Aine Alig kT)” —®) Extro. term te ef G@s@are due to Georg stork wreigy Cf Llechors In tens 4 atoms, wt Knee Gear doy eckimsS 4m = Moe fron ©€, © b_eeler Nie _ _ 2 v(emett *coame) é Me Gu (enemy glee Nidle = 24iV (~Ereer Th —(€:-Eo) [Yer No fa. he ] i ; _ ot [ut eee BF Nifle — tv vC reer eg ~/ kr Th _—@ Ne Ne = 7a Comer) eter - Na 2 © ( nen s) lot’ be a total) ao-of atems ges unit volume Ctonired ov meetreat) Nehitta @® ler Se? te thee degree of tenizedioy RUN ) Ne = ty he =X — (¢ Na he ieee = On © G From D4 ab pt | 5 amek{) OV ET 2 a 295 ‘ cae) gz —— &) : a nna) » l qo. Thos & sha’ tontaachen -forronulor fn terns of ‘no -oeasiby : fo teres ot peisure p= Pthtle Pa neT = (ng trate KT = Chart lx) nie = (tO ALT. ae Cue) 7 “_ al, ‘Ss On Er BOR eS < ; emus Gahals Eonveation —frrmulo, ‘m terms off yD the ssenuiour mass at Wluch a stor “heos tte end of fi lfc cycle Com beCome Q while dtauofe and above bike Ihe Stor will collappte ts form q vento star ar Mack hole & catted chords —slehor Limi Ihe Cursentty accepted value of IRE chandaasetbay Limit taba 14 YO where NO = mass of Sun. ke Kno at Ory time OME dieu Story wtpuiene 402 kr of forces: # foword -force due @ gAauitortianot self pibaction of starr # tubuood fora duc bo taemendous degenr0ly pressurs. ef dense eloofrss) qe “the Gaauttectonal polenta Energy, ghee bg = (- 2 totat mo Vpccw = 4 ae ) ed ec Ky const the change By energy of Ihe store due te me aber bk dont again presute pis qiven by de = pce) anede we knw foxy aquaria we kno fer Ground ctate peoputies ot an tdeot fiumi Gas oF 4) Addodi vie, Leedrons dnc A Nep qeeldé wav. \ ede 2 _} £ dale 2 (kar, |] ee 2 é dN- Sav eee wee eal gnv fr" ade coat E KC” 3 *s We 7 ae ~— | as T30k =m) P ce cae N= Shy. ee oy - &iV fe —) ye oo a No 80 fpr ath | © ferme Momonta™ ayo ar gefedivishe ooticles pe Sees seniy cl So Joound stale Enorgy of a £-D9e te df= E-di dé = E AT ip, WeldeE dp A pete Ur dp WP ge), | 2 oy ef Crate sel)” Pde AS Te)? | we Taok lbxek ., da=4e Mpc Mee te a fe Mme { ep fe ty mel J aC 14a) lg ’ a. £ (zp) ae Tes a Fe) x & ye + ») aye AX SCH aH. “) (ap) ie C42?) PdK = 0 te aeee 3 hon-wlaiyisttc cose, . wir (hoe ) © fer -Ap >>] Rao Ovish'< Coe, Mats f Soclias ©F Lops Chit: Prawf stor) Wwe Know , =z Ua 7 Xp Ec trv 25" -Q ve S rR mednp N eC - + an Bh 3Mxd Va, ae ara oT mel Saparaur enh an. Q2AKRmc \ &Me ut PMA E nies] © em, , Sapo ™I-© Wao = dE 46M dp pCR) YTRAR Rr No fo R(Q)= a. Gur we knoe % aa eG) fom —© 3 Sd ry (31_ - est NM (R)- {AG Gme Amel yo ple) ay ( ey (a anime, A 0) a ~ 5%) (P) er p= pA, —@ bose B- Xp <50-y with & not possible - F Thus atl WOS b Leuilibriey must have Meng, My Limiting ® 70K. 3s couted chomdlaceehor mass firth FF 92% than gro stele, pre of Veet well not be Gufficront Seppo gravttetzonal Ulape - Wk Knew / hy = (7 ch Ex) Cars) Gy Moe dy MG 7 coho MO > Mays af Suns= 210 Eg, thus -& Star will rods M7ZMg @” p Yjo lengey Kongn sk qm bbbute asarof- Cat y

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