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Basic 8 Basic Tech 1ST Term e Notes

The document provides notes for a class on basic technology. It includes a scheme of work covering 11 topics over several weeks, including revision of previous work, information and communication technology, uses of materials, and geometric construction. The notes provide definitions and explanations of key terms for different topics. For example, it defines analogue and digital communication systems, and provides the schematic diagram and explanation of the GSM transmission process. It also includes evaluation questions and assignments for students.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
279 views26 pages

Basic 8 Basic Tech 1ST Term e Notes

The document provides notes for a class on basic technology. It includes a scheme of work covering 11 topics over several weeks, including revision of previous work, information and communication technology, uses of materials, and geometric construction. The notes provide definitions and explanations of key terms for different topics. For example, it defines analogue and digital communication systems, and provides the schematic diagram and explanation of the GSM transmission process. It also includes evaluation questions and assignments for students.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NAME:…………………………………………………………………………………CLASS:………………………………….

FIRST TERM e – LEARNING NOTES

SUBJECT: BASIC TECHNOLOGY

CLASS: JS 2 (BASIC 8)

SCHEME OF WORK:

WEEK TOPIC

1. Revision of work done in JS1


2. Information and Technology (ICT): Basic Electronic Communication System-
Analogue and digital communication Systems. Meaning and nature of ICT process
3. ICT (cont’d) :schematic diagram of G.S.M transmission process
4. ICT (cont’d): Internet Equipment and Transmission process. Merits and Demerits
of the internet.
5. First Aid and First Aid Materials: First Aid Box and materials. Application of simple
First Aid
6. Uses of Materials: (a) Wood: - furniture, toothpicks, building construction,
handles of implements, etc.
7. Uses of Materials: Metals: - common uses of ferrous and non-ferrous Metals-
Household Utensils, vehicles and simple parts, etc. (c) Brass:-decorations,
ammunitions, etc. (d) Bronze: - carving, statues and ornaments etc.
8. Uses of Materials :( e) Ceramics: - tiles, household utensils, etc. (f) Rubber: -
tyres, tubes, foot wears, etc.(g) plastics:- plastic buckets, bottles, etc.
9. Geometric Construction (a. Lines): Language of lines in drawing. Types, uses and
drawing of lines-Thick continuous lines, thin continuous lines, thin short dashes,
etc., bisection of lines, Division of lines
10. Revision
11. Examination

WEEK: ONE
DATE:
TOPIC: Revision of last term’s work
The Teacher should use discretion, knowing areas most students are still having difficulties
in last term’s work and re-teach or re-explain those areas within this week.

1
WEEK: TWO
DATE:
TOPIC: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
SUB-TOPICS:

1) Basic Electronic Communication Systems (Analogue and Digital Communication


systems)
2) Meaning and Nature of ICT process

Content Development (NOTES FOR FIRST LESSON/PERIOD ONE)


Sub-Topic 1: Basic Electronic Communication Systems (Analogue and Digital
Communication systems)

Information is the knowledge or facts provided or learned about a particular thing, person,
and group of people etc. This could be inform of voice, texts, data, images while
communication deals with the transfer of information from one point to another or from
one person to another or group of persons to other persons. Technology is the application
of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. Therefore information and communication
technology can be defined as the method of processing data and passing information
through the use of computer system.

A Computer is an electronic appliance which accepts (input) data and processes it, and
produces a useful result as the output. The computer parts are grouped as: (i) The computer
hardware (ii) The computer software.

The Computer hardware: These are the physical parts of the computer which can be seen
or touched. Such as: the input device (used for sending information into the computer .e.g.
Mouse, key board, Modem, Optical scanner, Microphones), the output device (these are the
devices that brings out data information from the computer to the user view e.g. Printer,
Monitor, Loud Speaker etc), and the storage device (these are the devices used for storing
data and programmes e.g. Flash drive, Floppy disk, Random Access memory etc).

The computer Software (operating system): this is the program which controls the working
of the computer. There are different types of software. Such as application software,
network software.

The main parts of the computer system are: the monitor, the mouse the key board and the
central processing unit (CPU).

Basic Electronic Communication systems

The basic communication systems are the analogue and the digital mode of communication.

2
The earlier form of communication system is the analogue communication system. The
analogue system is the one which shows its reading and which still have to be interpreted by
the user. Examples of these devices are: wall clock, television, Radio, Thermometer. The
modern communication systems use the digital communication system. The digital system is
the one which shows its reading directly in terms of figure and letters and therefore, do not
need any further interpretation. Examples of these devices are calculators, computer,
mobile phone, digital wrist watches.

The main advantage of digital transmission over the analogue transmission system is that it
is faster and much more efficient. The basic electronic communication system is shown in
the figure below:

The figure below represents analogue and digital signals:

Evaluation
1) What is Information and Communication Technology (I.C.T)
2) Differentiate between analogue and digital communication systems
Content Development (NOTES FOR SECOND LESSON/PERIOD TWO)

3
Meaning and Nature of ICT

ICT (Information and communication technology), refers to the various electronic


technology involved in the storage of information together with their related application
and management.

ICT is made up of the technology behind the production of Computers, audio visual media,
communication gadgets, fax machine and so on. The world has become a global village, so
to say as one can sit in the comfort of his home and make transaction in foreign countries.

Evaluation

Explain how the world has become a global village

Weekend Assignment
The students should explain the function of the main parts of the computer system

Reading Assignment
The students should read about the Schematic diagram of G.S.M transmission process and
Internet, NERDC Basic Technology for Junior Secondary School 2 Chapter 1 Pages 1 - 7

WEEK: THREE
DATE:
TOPIC: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (cont’d)
SUB-TOPICS:

1) Schematic diagram of GSM transmission process


2) Meaning of internet and its process
Content Development (NOTES FOR FIRST LESSON/PERIOD ONE)
Sub-Topic I: Schematic diagram of GSM transmission process

The global system of communication is an important part of information and


communication technology. Basically, the GSM is a form of wireless transmission system
which uses Radio waves and microwaves for conveying information.

Radio waves are often used locally while microwaves are used internationally to send signals
over long distances. GSM functions basically to facilitate a telephone communication and a
short message services (SMS), generally called a text message. Other functions of the GSM
are short message services (SMS), enhance messaging service (EMS), and multimedia
message service (MMS).

4
The GSM consists of two parts, namely the mobile radio telephone itself and the subscriber
identity module (SIM). This is what makes it possible to know the different users in the GSM
network.

The telephone (handset) has a unique serial number called the international mobile
equipment identity (IMEI). The user of the telephone is given a customer number called
International Mobile subscribers identity (IMSI) when the person register with a network
provider.

The diagram below shows the basic sections (Schematic diagram) of GSM transmission
process.

Equipment Home
identification Location
register (EIR) Register
register(EIR) (HLR)

Authenticati Visitor
on center Location
(AUC) Register
(VLR)

Base Base Station Mobile


Transmission center (BSC) switching
Station (BTS) center (MSC)

From the diagram, the base transmitting station is where the equipment for transmitting
and receiving signals such as calls, messages, data, is located. It is the link between the
network provider and the mobile phone. The base station center controls whatever is
transmitted from or received into the station.

The mobile switching station controls the base station center, it performs all the technical
functions of a ‘landline` network switching system.

The home location register is where every information (such as the name of the subscriber,
the type of service the subscriber requires etc) about the subscriber are stored. The visitor
location register is what makes the network provider to know where the subscriber is and

5
whether the mobile phone is switched on or off whenever connection is to be made from a
landline network to a mobile phone, or from one mobile network to another.

The authentication center is a store that provides information on the subscriber’s


entitlement to use a network. that is whether the subscriber has taken out a card contract.
The identification register helps the network provider to hold the details of all functioning
mobile phones on the network, all the defective phones and all stolen phones. But not all
network providers maintain an equipment register.

EVALUATION

Draw the schematic diagram of GSM transmission process and state the meaning of each of
the components in your diagram

Content Development (NOTES FOR SECOND LESSON/PERIOD TWO)


Sub-Topic II: Meaning of internet and its process

The internet is a global system of information exchange, which is based on the use of
computer and other communication hardware and software. And in internet, the distance
between the communication systems could several thousands of kilometers apart. The
World Wide Web, generally called ‘www` is the gate way to access the internet, so the
World Wide Website is sometimes called the internet. The website serves as data base for
world information, therefore, any information that is not captured in it cannot be accessed
any where tin the world.

There are three different types of internet services depending on the numbers of user and
the distance between them. These are the LAN, WAN and WWW.

LAN (Local Area Network): This type of network is used in an organization that is based at
particular location where they have sizable number of computers connected together for
their private and independent Network. This type of network is a local network.

WAN (Wide Area Network): This type of network is used by organizations that have different
offices across a particular city or inter-state. They link up together to access a common
information that is provided in the server base of the organization, though they are far apart
from each other. This type of link (network) between the offices of the organization is
known as WAN. This type of network is a National network.

WWW (World Wide Web): This type of network connects thousands of computer users at a
time across the globe (world). This is an international Network.

EVALUATION:

1. What is the full meaning of WWW


2. Explain the three types of network

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3. What is the major difference between the three types of network?

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:
With the aid of diagram, explain the basic sections of the GSM

READING ASSIGNMENT:
The students should read about Internet Equipment and Transmission Process, NERDC Basic
Technology for Junior Secondary School 2 Chapter 1 Pages 8 - 11

WEEK: FOUR
DATE:
TOPIC: Internet Equipment and Transmission process. Merits and Demerits of the
internet.
SUB-TOPICS:

1) Internet Equipment and Transmission process


2) Merits and Demerits of the internet.

Content Development (NOTES FOR FIRST LESSON/PERIOD ONE)


Sub-Topic 1: Internet Equipment and Transmission Process

The internet equipment include:

(i) V-SAT: This means Very Small Aperture Terminal. This is the most commonly
used Equipment for internet access and communication.
(ii) Telephone Line: this is used for the activating of dial-up which is the booting-up
on the www itself when needed.
(iii) Modem: This is a device that converts the analogue data (signal) from the
telephone lines to digital data that can go into the computer. It is used between
the computer on the internet and the telephone line linking them. A modem can
be said to be technically used for modulation and de-modulation.
(iv) Fax machine: It is used to send document from one point to another desired
point. It has to be connected to a telephone line to be used.
(v) Server: This is a special computer which is part of a LAN. The server functions to
enable the computers on the LAN to have access to the service available on a
particular network.

The diagram below illustrates the internet transmission process.

7
The transmission process begins with the Broadband digital or DSL services coming into
house to your modem, then into the Data router /switch. From the switch you can now
connect your output devices. Such as your networked printer, TV, Computer, Optional
wireless access point (WAP).

Evaluation

1) List and explain three internet equipment


2) How is the internet transmitted?

Content Development (NOTES FOR SECOND LESSON/PERIOD TWO)


Sub-Topic 2: Merits and De-merits of the Internet

Merits of the internet:

(i) e-mail services (that is, sending and receiving electronic mail.)
(ii) e-chat (participating in group discussions and chat rooms.)
(iii) e-learning (educational support tool and encyclopedia.)
(iv) e-commerce (trading on the internet.)
(v) e-service (customer service through the internet)
(vi) e-music (on-line music and video)
(vii) e-games (on-line computer games)
De-merits of the internet:

(i) Exposure to pornography


(ii) Impersonation

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(iii) Internet addiction
(iv) Internet fraud
(v) On-line gambling
(vi) Copying of answers to assignments on the internet.
(vii) It exposes the young people to early relationships

EVALUATION

1. List four merits of the internet


2. List four de-merits of the internet

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

Go to the internet find the basic electronic communication system.

READING ASSIGNMENT

Read about First Aid and First Aid Materials NERDC Basic Technology for Junior
Secondary school 2 Chapter 2 Pages 13 – 14, against next lesson.

WEEK: FIVE
DATE:
TOPIC: FIRST AID AND FIRST AID MATERIALS
SUB-TOPICS:

1) First Aid Box and materials.


2) Application of simple First Aid

Content Development (NOTES FOR FIRST LESSON/PERIOD ONE)


Sub-Topic I: First Aid Box and Materials

What is First Aid?

First aid is the emergency medical treatment given to a victim, who suddenly falls sick or

injured before thorough medical treatment is available to him or her.

Benefits of First Aid

9
1. It prevents loss of life of the injured person
2. It improves the vital signs of the patient such as breathing rate, temperature, pulse
rate, etc.
3. It assists the medical doctor with useful information.
4. It immediately stops the worsening of the condition of the injured person

First Aid Box

What is First Aid Box? First aid Box is a box that contains all the materials that are
needed for first aid emergency care.

Types of First Aid Box

1) Unit type: this is easily carried about from one place to another
2) Cabinet type: this cannot be moved from one place to another because of its
size.

Materials in First Aid Box

i. Plasters
ii. Safety pins
iii. Bandages
iv. Cotton wool
v. Scissors
vi. Razor blades
vii. Methylated spirit
viii. Hydrogen peroxide
ix. Iodine
x. Analgesics (Aspirin, Paracetamol, etc.)

10
Content Development (NOTES FOR SECOND LESSON/PERIOD TWO)
Sub-Topic II: Applications of Simple First Aid

1) Call Medical Personnel immediately


2) Carefully examine the victim to determine there is any noticeable internal
bleeding
3) Carefully observe the victim if there is any broken bone
4) Carefully observe the victim for any injury around his or her head
5) Observe the victim if there is any strange bite
6) Get prepared to carry the victim to the nearby hospital for proper treatment

Some Conditions that require Simple First Aid

1) Motor accidents
2) Workshop accidents
3) Injury from electric shock
4) Severe bleeding
5) Burns.

11
EVALUATION

1) Define First Aid


2) Mention five first aid material and their uses

READING ASSIGNMENT:

The students should read about Uses of Wood NERDC Basic Technology for Junior
Secondary School 2 Pages 16 - 17

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1) What is First Aid


2) State four benefits of First Aid
3) Mention five First Aid Materials and state their functions

WEEK: SIX
DATE:
TOPIC: USES OF MATERIALS - WOOD
SUB-TOPICS:

1) Uses of Wood
2) Uses of Wood (cont’d)

Content Development (NOTES FOR FIRST LESSON/PERIOD ONE)


Sub-Topic I: Uses of Wood

Wood is used in following areas:


i. Furniture making for homes and offices – woods are use to make beds, tables,
chairs, cabinets and other pieces of furniture in homes
ii. Building construction – wood is used to construct windows, doors, door frames
and window frames. We also use wood for the ceiling and roofing of houses, wall
paneling, and industrial and offices purposes.
iii. Industrial Building – many industries are made of wood or have wooden parts.
iv. Construction of Joints – many joints are made of wood. A good example is the
staircases in our homes
v. Packaging – crates, pallets, packaging cases etc.

12
vi. Transport industry – the bodies of some Railway wagons, coaches, lorry and
sleepers are made of wood.
vii. Bridges and Poles – Most farm bridges and bridges across the roads in villages
are made of wood. Also, some electric poles and railway.
viii. Pulp and Paper – Exercise books, textbooks, newspapers, magazines are made
from pulp and paper derived from wood.

Evaluation
List 5 areas where wood is used.

Content Development (NOTES FOR SECOND LESSON/PERIOD TWO)


Sub-Topic II: Uses of Wood (cont’d)

ix) Medicine – When people have their arms or legs amputated (cut off) such are
usually replaced by artificial limbs made from wood.
x) Clothing – Most heels and some soles of shoes are made from wood. The rayon
stockings and shirts that we wear are made from wood.
xi) Handles of implements – wood is a poor conductor of heat and is lighter than metal.
Handles for hammers, pick-axes, felling axes, screwdrivers and many other tools are made
from wood.
xii) Packaging (wood containers) :- some packaging cases and creates are made of
wood. These serve as storage

13
xiii) Carving and Sculpture:- wood is used in carving and sculpture. It is admired and the
beauty is seen wherever they are placed.
xiv) Sport equipment:- wood is used to make sports equipment such as parallel bars,
hockey sticks, bats, tennis and squash rackets frames.

Evaluation
Draw five items made from wood
Reading Assignment: NERDC Basic Technology for Junior Secondary Schools 2 Chapter 3
pages 16 - 18

Weekend Assignment

1. These are the uses of wood except ______ (a) furniture (b) pulp and paper (c)
clothing (e) eating
2. Wood is used to make some sports equipment. Which of these is not made of wood
(a) Hockey stick (b) Net (c) Table tennis bats(d) Tennis racket frame
3. A major raw material for paper and pulp is
(a) Rubber (b) ceramics (c) wood (d) glass
Theory
List 10 areas where wood is used

WEEK: SEVEN
DATE:
TOPIC: USES OF MATERIALS - METALS
SUB-TOPICS:

I) Common Uses of Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals


II) Brass
III) Bronze

Content Development (NOTES FOR FIRST LESSON/PERIOD ONE)


Sub-Topic I: Common Uses of Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals

Metals could be ferrous when it contains iron and non-ferrous when it does not contain
iron. The things that we use that are made of metal or having metal parts in them are
pots, radio, television sets, knives and forks, bicycles and motor cars. The uses of some
common metals are as follows:

14
Ferrous Metal Uses
Mild steel General structural work, bolts, nuts, tubes, tin plate and
non-cutting tools.
Wrought iron Chairs, crane hooks, haulage gear and boiler plates.
Cast iron Cylinder blocks, piston rings, vice bodies, machine tool
beds, marking-out tables and surface plates.
Medium carbon steel Nails, hammers, screws, springs and tensile wires
High carbon steel Pliers, cutting tool, chisels, taps, hacksaw blades punches,
knives

Some materials made of medium carbon steel

Some materials made from low carbon steel

15
Some materials made from wrought iron.

Non-ferrous metals Uses


Copper Wires, boxes, electrical points, bowls, water pipes
Lead Battery element, water piping, sheeting for roofing
Aluminium Aircraft parts, engine parts, boxes, bowls and water pipes
Zinc Roofing sheets, containers, base for many alloys.
Tin Base for many alloys

Content Development (NOTES FOR SECOND LESSON/PERIOD TWO)


Sub-Topic II: Brass
Brass: - It is an alloy of zinc and copper is used as a decorative material when properly
finished. It is used for ammunition shells and bomb shells, during wartime

Sub-Topic III: Bronze


Bronze is another alloy. This is a combination of copper and tin, which is used for casting
statues, plaques, ornaments, ship propellers etc. It is also used for medals given to
sportsmen and women who take third position in sporting events

Evaluation

Mention 2 ferrous and non-ferrous metals and their uses

Reading Assignment

NERDC Basic Technology for Junior Secondary School 2 chapter 3 page 18-22

Weekend Assignment

16
1. List two uses of each of the following ferrous metal
(i) Cast iron
(ii) High carbon steel
(iii) Medium carbon steel
(iv) Wrought iron
2. Name two types of non-ferrous alloys and list three uses of each type
3. List five uses of metals in the engineering workshop

WEEK: EIGHT
DATE:
TOPIC: USES OF MATERIALS – CERAMICS, RUBBER AND PLASTICS
SUB-TOPICS:

1) Ceramics
2) Rubber
3) Plastics

Content Development (NOTES FOR FIRST LESSON/PERIOD ONE)


Sub –Topic I: Ceramics
Ceramic is a material made of clay and cement that has been made permanently hard by
heat
Properties of ceramics
1. Heat-resistant (they do not allow heat to pass through easily)
2. Brittle (they break easily)
3. Heavy
4. Resistant to corrosion ( they do not rust)
5. They can be decorated in a wide range of colours, textures and design
Uses of ceramics
Bricks and Tiles
Fried bricks are used in modern construction work. They have an added advantage over
cement bricks in that if properly laid, there is no need to paint them. Glazed tiles are very
common in the house e.g. floor tiles, wall tiles and sanitary tiles
Refractory and insulation
Specially fried bricks are used for the inner lining of furnaces used for melting. This is as a
result of their high fire resistant ability and their insulating property.
Household utensils
Ceramics are used in the production of chinaware, earthenware, stone ware and porcelain.
All these are molded into beautiful decorated jugs, plates and ashtrays for domestic use.
Ceramics for Electrical Purposes
These consist of high voltage materials such as those used as insulators on pylons, and low
voltage materials for small electric components as in capacitors and magnets. They are also
used in manufacture of sparking plugs used in motor vehicles.

17
Content Development (NOTES FOR SECOND LESSON/PERIOD TWO)
Sub- topic II: Rubber
Rubber is a material which can be compressed or stretched. You must have observed that a
compressed or stretched piece or strip of rubber returns to its original size when you
remove the applied force on it. The main reason for this is that rubber is more elastic than
other engineering materials.
There are two types of rubber, namely natural rubber and synthetic rubber. In Nigeria,
natural rubber is made from the milky white liquid of rubber trees called latex. Synthetic
rubber is made from petroleum. Synthetic rubber is also known as elastomer.
Properties of Rubber
1. elastic
2. water resistant
3. light and will float when put in water
4. a poor conductor of electricity
Products made from rubber are found in our homes and they vary.
1. football
2. shoe heels and soles
3. tyres

18
4. vee-belts
5. water hoses
6. shock- dampers and engine mountings
Sub-Topic III: Plastics
Plastics are made from chemical s we get from crude oil. Types of Plastics are gotten by
mixing these chemicals in different ways.
Plastics can be divided into two main groups:
1. Thermoplastics
2. Thermosets
Thermoplastics: They become soft and melt when heated. They can then be formed into
desired shapes. The plastics harden when cooled. Heating and cooling can be done over and
over again. Examples are nylon, polythene etc

Thermosets: Thermosets (thermosetting) only char at high temperature but do not melt.
Once the material softens on heating, it can be molded. Thermoset can be moulded only
once. Examples are phenol formaldehyde, polyester resin etc

Properties of Plastics

1. resistant to corrosion
2. elastic
3. flexible
4. light
5. transparent
6. attractive and easy to clean
7. resistant to electricity
8. can take complex shapes

Uses of plastics
Household
Items such as buckets, shopping-bags, cups, spoons and water bottles are made of plastics.
So are water-pipes, storage boxes, foam mattresses etc
Automobiles
Some parts in aircraft and automobiles are made of plastic. They are wire insulation, hoes,
accelerator and clutch pedal covers, fuels filters and

many others.
Industrial
Nowadays, plastic containers are used in breweries and bottling companies for carrying
bottles. In some cases, plastics are now replacing glass bottles for the storage of industrial
products.

Some of the things made from plastics are shown below:

19
Evaluation
1. State the 3 properties of ceramics
2. Mention 5 uses of rubber

Reading Assignment: NERDC Basic Technology for Junior Secondary Schools 2 Chapter 5
Pages 28- 33

Weekend Assignment
1. Which of the following is not used in making glass?
(a) Sand (b) lime (c) Potash (d) Clay
2. Which of the following is not used in making ceramics?
(a) Lime (b) Clay (c) Cement (d) Mud
3. The Following are products of ceramics, except
(a) Flower vase (b) tiles (c) wash basin (d) electric bulb
4. A major property which distinguishes ceramics from wood, metal, plastic and rubber
is being
(a) A good conductor (b)brittle (c) resistance to corrosion (d) a poor conductor
5. Synthetic rubber is obtained from?
(a) Ore (b) plants (c) petroleum (d) palm oil
Essay

1. Name the two types of plastics and distinguish between them


2. List five uses of ceramics

20
WEEK: NINE
DATE:
TOPIC: GEOMETRIC CONSTRUCTION - LINES
SUB-TOPICS:

1) Language of Lines
2) Bisection of a Line
3) Division of a Line into Equal Parts

Content Development (NOTES FOR FIRST LESSON/PERIOD ONE)


Sub-Topic I: Language of Lines

Language is a means of communicating one’s idea to another who understands the


language. This could be in spoken or written form. The language of line must be understood
first, some lines are thick or broad, while others are thin. Some lines are broken while others
are not. They are represented below.

Types of Lines

1. THICK CONTINOUS LINE: This type of line is used for all visible (bold) outlines. It is the
most prominent in drawing. Chect the table above
2. THIN CONTINOUS LINE: This type of line is used for the construction lines, dimension
lines, projection lines, hatching lines and leader lines. Check the figure above.
21
3. THIN SHORT DASHES: These lines are used for hidden details
4. Thin continuous line with arrow heads
5. The ruled line and short zigzags
6. The thick continuous wavy lines

EVALUATION

1. Describe language of lines


2. Mention three types of lines and their uses.

Content Development (NOTES FOR SECOND LESSON/PERIOD TWO)


Sub-Topic II: Bisection of a given Line

To bisect a given line means to divide the line into two equal parts by construction using a
pair of compasses

To bisect a given line, follow the procedures step by step

1. Draw a given line AB


2. With Centre A and any radius greater than a half of line AB, draw arcs above and
below the line
3. With center B, draw arcs of the same radius to cut the previous ones.
4. Draw a line through the intersections of the arcs up and down
5. The line drawn through the intersection of the arcs will bisect(divide) the given line
AB at C.

STEP 1

STEP 2

22
STEP 3

23
STEP4

Sub-Topic III: Division of a given Line

To divide a given line into a given number of equal parts, follow the following procedures:

1. Draw a given line AB


2. Draw line AC at any convenient angle to AB
3. Step off along AC the required number of divisions. These may be of any
convenient length, but equal.
4. Join the last number to point B. Draw lines parallel to this line from the other
numbers. AB is now divided into the required number of equal parts.

24
To divide a given line into a given proportion (Ratio 4:6), follow the following procedures:

1. Draw a given line AB


2. Draw a second line AC at a convenient angle and radius
3. Starting from point A, mark off 10 divisions 4+6 on line AC.
4. Number the points accordingly and join point C to point B
5. Through point 4 on line AC, draw a line parallel to BC to meet AB at D

EVALUATION

1. Bisect a given line of length 8cm

25
3. Divide a given line of length 10cm into 5 equal parts

READING SASSIGNMENT: NREDS Basic Technology for Junior Secondary School 2 Chapter 5
Pages 28 - 32

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1) Draw the following types of line and their uses;


a. Thin continuous line with arrow heads
b. The ruled line and short zigzags
c. The thick continuous wavy lines
2) Bisect any given line of your choice
3) Divide line 14cm into ratio 2:5

WEEK 10-12: Revision and Examination

26

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