REPORT ON PROJECT ENTITLED

“FACIAL RECOGNITION BASED

ATTENDANCE SYSTEM”

SUBMITTED BY

PRANAV GHASGHASE
MURTAZA BURHANI
ROHAN POPHALE
HARISH YADAV

GUIDED BY

PROF. ABHAY E. PATIL

UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI
2021-22
 CERTIFICATE

Date: ____________

This is to certify that, the project work embodied in this report entitled, “FACIAL RECOGNITION
BASED ATTENDANCE SYSTEM” submitted by Pranav Ghasghase Roll No. 415, Murtaza
Burhani Roll No. 439, Rohan Pophale Roll No. 451, Harish Yadav Roll No. 477, for the award of
Second year of Engineering (B.E.) degree in the subject of Information Technology, is a work
carried out by them under my guidance and supervision within the institute. The work described in
this project report is carried out by the concerned students and has not been submitted for the award
of any other degree of the University of Mumbai.
Further, it is certified that the students were regular during the academic year 2021-2022 and have
worked under the guidance of concerned faculty until the submission of this project work at Rajiv
Gandhi Institute of Technology, Mumbai.

____________________ ____________________
Prof. Abhay E. Patil Prof. Yogita Ganage
Project Guide Project Co-ordinator

____________________ ____________________
Dr. Sunil B. Wankhede Dr. Sanjay U. Bokade
Head of Department Principal

2
 CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

This Mini Project report entitled

“Facial Recognition Based Attendance System”

Submitted by:
Roll No. Name
415 Pranav Ghasghase
439 Murtaza Burhani
451 Rohan Pophale
377 Harish Yadav

In partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Second Year of Engineering in Information
Technology is approved.

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Date: 04-05-2022

Place: Mumbai

3
 DECLARATION
I declare that this written submission represents my ideas in my own words and where others' ideas
or words have been included, I have adequately cited and referenced the original sources. I also
declare that I have adhered to all principles of academic honesty and integrity and have not
misrepresented or fabricated or falsified any idea/data/fact/source in my submission. I understand
that any violation of the above will be cause for disciplinary action by the Institute and can also
evoke penal action from the sources which have thus not been properly cited or from whom proper
permission has not been taken when needed.

ROLL NO. NAME SIGNATURE

415 PRANAV GHASGHASE

439 MURTAZA BURHANI

451 ROHAN POPHALE

477 HARISH YADAV

Date: 04-05-2022

Place: Mumbai

4
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With all reverence, we take the opportunity to express our deep sense of gratitude and wholehearted
indebtedness to our respected guide, Prof. Abhay E. Patil Department of Information Technology,
Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Mumbai. From the day of conception of this project his
active involvement and motivating guidance on day-to-day basis has made it possible for us to
complete this challenging work in time.
We would like to express a deep sense of gratitude to our respected Head of the Department, Dr.
Sunil B. Wankhade who went all the way out to help us in all genuine cases during the course of
doing this project. We wish to express our sincere thanks to Dr. Sanjay U. Bokade, Principal,
Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Mumbai and would to like to acknowledge specifically for
giving guidance, encouragement and inspiration throughout the academics.
We would like to thank all the staff of Information Technology Department who continuously
supported and motivated during our work. Also, we would like to thank our colleagues for their
continuous support and motivation during the project work. Finally, we would like to express our
gratitude to our family for their eternal belief in us. We would not be where we are today without
their support and encouragement.

Pranav Ghasghase
Murtaza Burhani
Rohan Pophale
Harish Yadav

Date: 04-05-2022

Place:

5
 INDEX

Chapters Title of the Chapter Page No.

Chapter 1 Introduction 08-11

1.1 Introduction of the project title
1.2 Statement of the problem
1.3 Objectives of the study/work
1.4 Project Scope and Direction
1.5 Impact, Significance and Contributions

Chapter 2 Literature Review 12-14

2.1 Smart Attendance System based on Machine Learning
2.2 Smart Attendance Management System Using Face Recognition
2.3 Automatic Students Attendance Marking System Using Image
Processing And Machine Learning

Chapter 3 Proposed System 15-22

3.1 Python Programming Language
3.2 Advantages and Applications of Python
3.3 Python Libraries
3.4 Advantages of the Project
3.5 Disadvantages of the Project

Chapter 4 Methodology 23-24

4.1 Procedure of Facial Recognition
4.2 Flowchart

Chapter 5 Details Of Hardware & Software 25

Chapter 6 Implementation 26-27

Chapter 7 Conclusion 28

Chapter 8 Applications and Future Scope of the Project 29

8.1 Applications of the Project
8.2 Future Scope of the Project

Chapter 9 References 30

6
 ABSTRACT

Taking attendance is an important step to monitor the activities of a student and to ensure the
eligibility of the student to complete the course. Despite technological advancements, most of the
educational institutes still use the old register system. In this project, we propose a new way to take
attendance of students in a classroom using facial recognition technique. This is efficient, less time
consuming and which can be done using devices that are readily available with people in today’s
day and age. To maintain the attendance record with day to day activities is a challenging task. The
conventional method of calling name of each student is time consuming and there is always a
chance of proxy attendance. The following system is based on face recognition to maintain the
attendance record of students. The daily attendance of students is recorded subject wise which is
stored already by the administrator. As the time for corresponding subject arrives the system
automatically starts taking snaps and then apply face detection and recognition technique to the
given image and the recognize students are marked as present and their attendance update with
corresponding time and subject id. We have used facial recognition techniques to develop this
system, OpenCV library is used to detect faces in images and deep learning method is used to
compute and compare feature facial of students to recognize them. Our system is capable to identify
multiple faces in real time. The proposed system automatically records the student's attendance
during lecture hours using facial recognition technology with image processing instead of the
traditional manual methods. The proposed system works in a controlled environment, in which
students, face images are captured and then upon recognition, their attendance is automatically
marked in an Excel sheet.

7
 CHAPTER - 1

INTRODUCTION
Faces are the most decorated pictures in the visual system within the life time of a human being. it
is not surprising that humans have the ability to recognize faces. With regards to face recognition
by humans, it is thought that the brain remembers important details such as the shapes and colours
of crucial features corresponding to the eyes, nose, forehead, cheeks and the mouth. Thus, this work
is aimed at developing a face recognition system that will be able to detect an imperfect human face
and tell whose face it is.
Face recognition has been a very trending and developing area of research. There is continuous
research in the domain of face recognition and it has reached a point where a computer recognises
human face better than humans ourselves. As such it has become a very reliable technique to use in
security applications like Theft monitoring systems, criminal database etc. Face recognition can
also be used in educational institutes for taking attendance. Manually taking attendance by calling
out individual student’s name one by name is a time-consuming process, hence inefficient. Face
recognition based attendance system is by far the best solution to address this problem.
With the computational power of Machine learning, it is possible to build an efficient face
recognition model. In the proposed work, Python implementation of Facenet algorithm is used and
is tested on the standard AT&T orl face dataset. This dataset contains photographs of 40 individuals
with 10 photographs each with varied poses. It was found in the proposed work that Facenet
produces 100% accuracy on this dataset. In the proposed model, the versatility of Google Drive
helps to indirectly connect a smartphone to a laptop/desktop so that an image clicked on the
smartphone can be accessed automatically by the Laptop to fetch and process it. This is the novelty
of the proposed work which doesn’t cost extra electronic hardware than what the faculty of most
educational institutes already have.

1.1 Introduction of the Project Title

Due to increased demand of security day by day verifying identities, internet connections, online
communications led the researchers to find ways for these problems. Along with this facial
recognition systems are main part in finding solutions to these problems. Identity of any person is
incomplete without facial recognition. Just like any other form of biometric identification, face
recognition requires samples to be collected, identified, extracted with necessary (features)
information, and stored for recognition.

8
This Facial Recognition Based Attendance System is a project for Educational Institutions. In this
chapter, the problem and motivation, research objectives, project scope, project contributions and
the background information of the project will be discussed in detail.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

According to the previous attendance management system, the accuracy of the data collected is the
biggest issue. This is because the attendance might not be recorded personally by the original
person, in another word, the attendance of a particular person can be taken by a third party without
the realization of the institution which violates the accuracy of the data. For example, student A is
lazy to attend a particular class, so student B helped him/her to sign for the attendance which in fact
student A didn’t attend the class, but the system overlooked this matter due to no enforcement
practiced. Supposing the institution establish an enforcement, it
might need to waste a lot of human resource and time which in turn will not be practical at all. Thus,
all the recorded attendance in the previous system is not reliable for analysis usage. The second
problem of the previous system is where it is too time consuming. Assuming the time taken for a
student to sign his/her attendance on a 3-4 paged name list is approximately 1 minute. In 1 hour,
only approximately 60 students can sign their attendance which is obviously inefficient and time
consuming. The third issue is with the accessibility of those information by the legitimate concerned
party. For an example, most of the parents are very concerned to track their child’s actual
whereabouts to ensure their kid really attend the classes in college/school. However in the previous
system, there are no ways for the parents to access such information. Therefore, evolution is needed
to be done to the previous system to improve efficiency, data accuracy and provides accessibility
to the information for those legitimate party.

1.3 Objectives of the study/work

In order to solve the drawbacks of the previous system stated in 1.1, the existing system will need
to evolve. The proposed system will reduce the paperwork where attendance will no longer involve
any manual recording. The new system will also reduce the total time needed to do attendance
recording. The new system will acquire individual attendance by means of
facial recognition to secure data accuracy of the attendance.

9
The following are objectives of the project:
1. To develop a portable Smart Attendance System which is handy and self-powered.
2. To ensure the speed of the attendance recording process is faster than the previous system which
can go as fast as approximately 3 second for each student.
3. Have enough memory space to store the database.
4. Able to recognize the face of an individual accurately based on the face database.
5. Allow parents to track their child’s attendance.
6. Develop a database for the attendance management system.
7. Provide a user-friendly interface for admins to access the attendance database and for non-
admins (parents) to check their child’s attendance by mailing the attendance.
8. Allow new students or staff to store their faces in the database by using a GUI.
9. Able to show an indication to the user whether the face recognition process is successful or not.

1.4 Project Scope and Direction

The main intention of this project is to solve the issues encountered in the old attendance system
while reproducing a brand new innovative smart system that can provide convenience to the
institution. In this project, an application will be developed which is capable of recognising the
identity of each individuals and eventually record down the data into a database system. Apart from
that, an excel sheet is created which shows the students attendance and is directly mailed to the
respected faculty.

The followings are the project scopes:

1. The targeted groups of the attendance monitoring system are the students and staff of an
educational institution.
2. The database of the attendance management system can hold up to 2000 individual’s
information.
3. The facial recognition process can only be done for 1 person at a time.
4. An excel sheet is created which contains the student attendance and is mailed to the
respective faculty.
5. The project has to work under a Wi-Fi coverage area or under Ethernet connection, as
the system need to update the database of the attendance system constantly.
6. The device on which the application is running is powered up by power bank to improve
the portability of the application.

10
1.5 Impact, Significance and Contributions

Many attendance management systems that exist nowadays are lack of efficiency and information
sharing. Therefore, in this project, those limitations will be overcome and also further improved
and are as follows :
1. Students will be more punctual on attending classes. This is due to the attendance of a
student can only be taken personally where any absentees will be noticed by the system.
This can not only train the student to be punctual as well as avoids any immoral ethics
such as signing the attendance for their friends.
2. The institution can save a lot of resources as enforcement are now done by means often
technology rather than human supervision which will waste a lot of human resource for
an insignificant process.
3. The application can operate on any device at any location as long as there is Wi-Fi
coverage or Ethernet connection which makes the attendance system to be portable to
be placed at any intended location. For example, the device can be placed at the entrance
of the classroom to take the attendance.
4. It saves a lot of cost in the sense that it had eliminated the paperwork completely.
5. The system is also time effective because all calculations are all automated. In short, the
project is developed to solve the existing issues in the old attendance system.

11
 CHAPTER - 2

LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 Smart Attendance System based on Machine Learning
Authors: Harish M, Chethan P, Prajna N Holla K, Syed Abdul Azeem, M.G. Veena
JSS Science and Technology University (SJCE), Mysuru, Karnataka, India.

A Fingerprint based attendance system was proposed by Sanjay Badhe et al. which uses a
Fingerprint module to take the fingerprint of the student. The fingerprint data is stored in a computer
wherein the Fingerprint is recognised based on the data obtained from the Microcontroller.
Although this model automates the process a little bit, students still have to wait for their turn to
register their fingerprint to mark their attendance, which is time consuming.
A Speech Biometric based attendance system proposed by Subhadeep Dey et al., uses speech
characteristics of a human being to distinguish between humans and recognise them. The user
accesses the system by making a call from few pre-decided mobile phones. An interactive voice
response (IVR) system guides a new user to enrol for the database while an enrolled member is
guided through the verification process.
The proposed model in this paper is an attempt to overcome all the shortcomings of the previous
related works in the domain of smart attendance system. Machine learning based Facenet model
has high accuracy to distinguish and recognise wide spectrum of faces with varied poses and
lighting conditions. Histogram of Gradients (HOG) method is used in the Facenet to detect the faces
from the surrounding environment. If there are multiple faces in a single picture, which is the case
in classrooms, this method segments the entire image and fetches individual faces separately and
later it is sent through the Facenet model to get individual predictions.
Images of the classroom is taken by the lecturer’s smartphone. The number of images depends on
the size of the classroom and the field of view of the smartphone camera so as to capture the entire
length and breadth of the classroom and not miss out any student’s face.
The program to fetch this image from the database, which will be stored in the lecturer’s laptop.
Upon detecting images, the program automatically downloads them, runs it through the Facenet
model, gets the predictions of all the students and the attendance status is sent to the concerned
lecturer/faculty through email. The attendance status file will be a comma separated values (csv)
file which contains the present or absent status of all students including their total attendance
percentage.

12
2.2 Smart Attendance Management System Using Face Recognition
Authors: Kaneez Laila Bhatti, Laraib Mughal, Faheem Yar Khuhawar, Sheeraz Ahmed Memon
Dept. of Telecommunication Engineering, MUET, Jamshoro, PK

In recent years, a number of face recognition based attendance management system have introduced
in order to improve the performance of students in different organization. In Jomon Joseph, K. P.
Zacharia proposed a system using image processing, PCA, Eigen faces, Microcontroller, based on
Matlab. Their system works only with front face images and there is need of a suitable method
which works with the orientation of the system. Ajinkya Patil with their fellows in proposed a face
recognition approach for attendance marking using Viola jones algorithm, Haar cascades are used
to detect faces in images and recognition performs through Eigen face method. Another approach
of making attendance system easy and secure, in the author proposed a system with the help of
artificial neural networks, they used PCA to extract face images and testing and training were
achieved by neural networks, their system performs in various orientation. A 3D face recognition
approach for attendance management system was proposed by MuthuKalyani.K, VeeraMuthu.A
has proposed, they marked attendance with monthly progress of each student. There is need for an
alternative algorithm which can enhance the recognition on oriented faces. Efficient Attendance
Management system is designed with the help of PCA algorithm, the have achieved accuracy up to
83% but their system performance decreases due to slightly changes in light condition. An eigen
face approach along with PCA algorithm for marking face recognition attendance system have
introduced by author in, they mention comparison of different face recognition algorithm in their
paper. Overall it was good approach to maintain record of attendance.
The proposed system is designed for automating the attendance of the different organization and
reduces the flaws of existing manual system. The system calculate the attendance subject wise, that
is the data of students and subjects are added manually by administrator, and whenever time for
corresponding subject arrives the system automatically starts taking snaps and find whether human
faces are appear in the given image or not. We have used Histogram of Oriented Gradient for face
detection and deep learning techniques to calculate and compare 128-d face features for face
recognition. Once faces are detected and recognize with the existing database, system calculate
attendance for the recognize students with the respective subject id in real time. And an excel sheet
generated and saved by the system automatically.

13
2.3 Automatic Students Attendance Marking System Using Image Processing
and Machine Learning
Authors: Vidya Patil, Anushka Narayan, Vaishnavi Ausekar, Anahita Dinesh
MIT,Pune

While studying related work in the field, there is so many recent works done by many researchers
in the area of ‘Automatic attendance marking systems’. Sawhney et al. proposed a model for
marking an automated attendance of the students in a class by using a face recognition method with
Eigenvalues and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Face detection and recognition algorithms
are proposed to be applied to both the cameras outside as well as inside the classroom. Viola-Jones
algorithm is proposed for face detection and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique is
proposed for feature selection while creating face image training dataset. Actual implementation
results are not given in the paper. Sovitkar and Kawathekar used the Viola Jones algorithm for
detection of the faces. For feature selection, they used algorithms such as LDA, PCA and hybrid
approach using both of these with SVM as a classifier.
They created dataset using different facial expressions, poses and lighting conditions. They
achieved maximum success rates as 90.1% for PCA, 92.3% for LDA and 95.6% with Hybrid
approach. Average rate of recognition with the combination of all algorithms showed is 95%.
There is decrease in the recognition rate as persons to be identified increases. Matilda and Shahin
implemented a system for student face detection and recognition using a video stream.
Implementation is done using Viola-Jones Algorithm along with Haar cascade filters for face
detection and recognition. Upon matching of the captured face image features with the student’s
recorded features, attendance is marked in an Excel sheet.
Dmello et al. proposed an attendance management system based on detection and recognition of s
tudent’s faces present in a class and mark recognized students’ attendance automatically. They used
IOT cameras to capture the students’ faces. CNN, along with SVM classifier is used for
face recognition. The system gives an accuracy of 94%. Rekha and Ramprasad proposed a system
which automates marking of the attendance by face recognition method using Eigenface database
along with the PCA technique. The database contains the images of 15 different persons with 10
images per person. A similarity score is calculated between the new face detected and images
present in the database. If the similarity score is greater than 0.3 face is recognized and the Excel
sheet gets updated.

14
 CHAPTER - 3

PROPOSED MODEL

The proposed model is an attempt to overcome all the shortcomings of the previous related works
in the domain of smart attendance system. The proposed system is designed for automating the
attendance of the different organization and reduces the flaws of existing manual system. If there
are multiple faces in a single picture, which is the case in classrooms, this method segments the
entire image and fetches individual faces separately and later it is sent through the Facenet model
to get individual predictions. Images of the classroom is taken by the lecturer’s smartphone. The
number of images depends on the size of the classroom and the field of view of the smartphone
camera so as to capture the entire length and breadth of the classroom and not miss out any student’s
face. One can take multiple images of different sections of the classroom to avoid this Field of view
problem.

3.1 Python Programming Language

Python is a high-level, general-purpose and a very popular programming language. Python
programming language (latest Python 3) is being used in web development, Machine Learning
applications, along with all cutting edge technology in Software Industry. Python Programming
Language is very well suited for Beginners, also for experienced programmers with other
programming languages like C++ and Java.
This specially designed Python tutorial will help you learn Python Programming Language in most
efficient way, with the topics from basics to advanced (like Web-scraping, Django, Deep-Learning,
etc.) with examples.

Below are some facts about Python Programming Language:

1. Python is currently the most widely used multi-purpose, high-level programming
language.
2. Python allows programming in Object-Oriented and Procedural paradigms.
3. Python programs generally are smaller than other programming languages like Java.
Programmers have to type relatively less and indentation requirement of the language,
makes them readable all the time.

15
 4. Python language is being used by almost all tech-giant companies like – Google, Amazon,
Facebook, Instagram, Dropbox, Uber… etc.
The biggest strength of Python is huge collection of standard library which can be used for the
following:
1. Machine Learning
2. GUI Applications (like Kivy, Tkinter, PyQt etc.)
3. Web frameworks like Django (used by YouTube, Instagram, Dropbox)
4. Image processing (like OpenCV, Pillow)
5. Web scraping (like Scrapy, BeautifulSoup, Selenium)
6. Test frameworks
7. Multimedia
8. Scientific computing
9. Text processing and many more

Python is a widely used general-purpose, high level programming language. It was created by
Guido van Rossum in 1991 and further developed by the Python Software Foundation. It was
designed with an emphasis on code readability, and its syntax allows programmers to express their
concepts in fewer lines of code.
Python is a programming language that lets you work quickly and integrate systems more
efficiently.
There are two major Python versions: Python 2 and Python 3.

3.2 Advantages and Applications of Python

Python is a high-level, interpreted, and general-purpose dynamic programming language that
focuses on code readability. It has fewer steps when compared to Java and C. It was founded in
1991 by developer Guido Van Rossum. Python ranks among the most popular and fastest-growing
languages in the world. Python is a powerful, flexible, and easy-to-use language. In addition, the
community is very active there. It is used in many organizations as it supports multiple
programming paradigms. It also performs automatic memory management.

16
Advantages:
1. Presence of third-party modules
2. Extensive support libraries (NumPy for numerical calculations, Pandas for data
analytics etc)
3. Open source and community development
4. Versatile, Easy to read, learn and write
5. User-friendly data structures
6. High-level language
7. Dynamically typed language (No need to mention data type based on the value assigned,
it takes data type)
8. Object-oriented language
9. Portable and Interactive
10. Ideal for prototypes – provide more functionality with less coding
11. Highly Efficient (Python’s clean object-oriented design provides enhanced process
control, and the language is equipped with excellent text processing and integration
capabilities, as well as its own unit testing framework, which makes it more efficient.)
12. (IoT) Internet of Things Opportunities
13. Interpreted Language
14. Portable across Operating systems

Applications:
1. GUI based desktop applications
2. Graphic design, image processing applications, Games, and Scientific/computational
Applications
3. Web frameworks and applications
4. Enterprise and Business applications
5. Operating Systems
6. Education
7. Database Access
8. Language Development
9. Prototyping
10. Software Development

17
Organizations using Python:
1. Google (Components of Google spider and Search Engine)
2. Yahoo (Maps)
3. YouTube
4. Mozilla
5. Dropbox
6. Microsoft
7. Cisco
8. Spotify
9. Quora

3.3 Python Libraries

1. Face Recognition Library

Recognize and manipulate faces from Python or from the command line with the world’s simplest
face recognition library. Built using dlib’s state-of-the-art face recognition built with deep learning.
The model has an accuracy of 99.38% on the labelled Faces in the Wild benchmark. This also
provides a simple face recognition command line tool that lets you do face recognition on a folder
of images from the command line!

Features:
a. Find a Face in Picture
Find all the faces that appear in a picture:

INPUT OUTPUT

18
b. Find and manipulate facial features in pictures
Get the locations and outlines of each person’s eyes, nose, mouth and chin.

INPUT OUTPUT

2. OpenCV Library
OpenCV is a popular Computer Vision library mostly used for real-time applications. In this blog,
we go through the 9 most frequently used OpenCV functions to use the library efficiently along
with code examples.

Features:
a. Color to GrayScale
We convert the BGR images to grayscale images so that we can observe the intensity of the pixels
in the image rather than the color configurations in the image.

19
b. Blurring an image using Guassian Blur :
We blur an image in order to reduce the noise in the image caused by bad lighting and some issues
with the sensors in cameras while capturing the image. In the code, in order to increase the range
of blur, we can increase the kernel size from (3,3) to (7,7).

c. Edge Cascade :
To detect edges in an image for better model learning, we using the Canny Edge detector which is
very popular.

d. Determining contours in an image :

Contours are nothing but a curve or line joining all the continuous points in the image (along
the borders) which has the same colour or intensity. It is used in object detection mainly for
shape analysis.

20
e. Plotting a histogram of an images.
This gives intuition of the pixel distribution in the image

3. NumPy Library
NumPy is a widely used array-processing library in Python.

What is NumPy?
NumPy is a general-purpose array-processing package. It provides a high performance
multidimensional array object, and tools for working with these arrays. It is the fundamental
package for scientific computing with Python.

It contains various features including these important ones:

• A powerful N-dimensional array object
• Sophisticated (broadcasting) functions
• Tools for integrating C/C++ and Fortran code
• Useful linear algebra, Fourier transform, and random number capabilities

Besides its obvious scientific uses, NumPy can also be used as an efficient multi-dimensional
container of generic data. Arbitrary data-types can be defined using Numpy which allows NumPy
to seamlessly and speedily integrate with a wide variety of databases.

21
 INPUT

OUTPUT

3.4 Advantages of the Project

• Fast and secure attendance marking system.
• More accurate than the traditional methods.
• Easy to install and implement.

3.5 Disadvantages of the Project

• The accuracy of the system depends upon the quality of hardware used.
• Problems with the angle or lighting conditions may interfere with the recognition of faces.
• Some faces may go recognized if there are too many students in a single photo.

22
 CHAPTER-4

METHODOLOGY

The present system of attendance marking i.e., manually calling out the roll call by the faculty have
quite satisfactorily served the purpose. With the change in the educational system with the
introduction of new technologies in classroom such as virtual classroom, the traditional way of
taking attendance may not be viable anymore. Even with rising number of course of study offered
by universities, processing of attendance manually could be time consuming. Hence, in our project
we aim at creating a system to take attendance using facial recognition technology in classrooms
and creating an efficient database to record them.

4.1 Procedure of Facial Recognition

1. Image Acquisition: Our proposed system uses a camera mounted at a proper place for acquiring
students’ face images in a controlled environment.
2. Image Pre-processing: For image pre-processing, histogram equalization is used to enhance input
image quality.
3. Face Detection: Face is detected from the image using Viola-Jones and HAAR Cascade algorithm.
4. Feature Extraction: The features are extracted and the feature vectors dimensionality is reduced
using the LDA algorithm.
5. Face Recognition: With the help of LDA, SVM and KNN are used to classify images for face
recognition purpose.
6. Mark Attendance: If a match is found in the database, then it will automatically mark the student’s
attendance in the Excel Sheet, as per lecture name and time. Else, it will display an error and
attendance will not be marked.

23
4.2 Flowchart

24
 CHAPTER - 5

DETAILS OF HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

HARDWARE REQUIRED

1 Operating System: Windows 7 or higher/ Mac OS/ Ubuntu

2 Storage: 256 GB (Recommended)

3 RAM: 4 GB (Recommended)

4 Graphics: Intel ® HD Graphics

SOFTWARE REQUIRED

1 Programming Language : Python 3.7

2 Python Libraries : face_recognition, opencv, dlib, numpy

3 IDE : PyCharm

25
 CHAPTER - 6

IMPLEMENTATION

START
WINDOW

SINGLE FACE
DETECTION

MULTIPLE
FACE
DETECTION

26
 DATA GENERATED
AND STORED IN A
.CSV FILE

27
 CHAPTER - 7

CONCLUSION

The proposed model for taking attendance is effective in reducing extra hardware components
required to take attendance. All the devices required for this purpose are already available with
almost everyone in the present day and age. This project is aimed to produce accuracy in facial
recognition and attendance marking. The accuracy of the model is dependent on the resolution of
the camera with which the image of the classroom is taken. Smart attendance management system
is designed to solve the issues of existing manual systems. We have used face recognition concept
to mark the attendance of student and make the system better. The system performs satisfactory in
different poses and variations. In future this system need be improved because these system
sometimes fails to recognize students from some distance, also we have some processing limitation,
working with a system of high processing may result even better performance of this system.

28
 CHAPTER - 8

APPLICATIONS AND FUTURE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

8.1 Applications of the Project

The project can be deployed in various institutes and offices for facial recognition based attendance
management of students and/or staff. The project has applications in the security sector to only
allow access to people whose faces get a match in the dataset.

8.2 Future Scope of the Project

The project can be deployed with a larger dataset with photos of a single subject from various angles
to improve the accuracy of the project. Various Machine Learning models can be deployed for
better results in facial recognition of the subjects. The dataset for the project can be rendered on a
cloud so as to facilitate the easy addition of more images to the dataset and referral of data for the
Machine Learning model.

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 CHAPTER -9

REFERENCES
1. Sanjay Badhe, Kunal Chaudhari, Sneha Kale, Tejaswi Mane, "Smart Attendance Management
System", International Journal of Computer Applications National Conference on Advancements
in Computer Information Technology (NCACIT) pp. 10-14, 2016.
2. Shubhobrata Bhattacharya, Gowtham Sandeep Nainala, Prosenjit Das and Aurobinda Routray,
“Smart Attendance Monitoring System (SAMS): A Face Recognition based Attendance System for
Classroom Environment”, IEEE 18th International Conference on Advanced Learning
Technologies, pp 358-360, 2018.
3. Anushka Waingankar, Akash Upadhyay, Ruchi Shah, Nevil Pooniwala and Prashant Kasambe,
“Face Recognition based Attendance Management System”, International Research Journal of
Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume: 05, Issue: 06, pp. 1979-1985, 2018.
4. Patil, Ajinkya, and Mrudang Shukla, "Implementation of classroom attendance system based on
face recognition in class." International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology 7.3
(2014): 974.

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