Name: Group No.

: 2

Co-workers: Section:
Date Performed: August 15, 2022
Score:

ACTIVITY NO. 6
Separation and Purification of Organic Compounds

OBSERVATIONS:

Fill up the table according to the observation made during the experiment.
A. Solution and Filtration: (15pts)

Solution and Filtration Process Name of Components Description

(Soluble, Insoluble)
in solvent
1. Sample mixture (3pts) Benzoic acid and sugar (glucose) Depends on what kind of solvent

Residue: Benzoic
______ acid
Insoluble
2. Sample mixture + water
Filtrate: _______
Sugar
(After filtration) (4pts) Soluble
Residue: Sugar
______
3. Sample mixture + denatured Insoluble
Filtrate: Benzoic
_______ acid
alcohol
(After filtration) (4pts) Soluble
Water: ______
Sugar
Soluble
4. Compound/s soluble in :
Denatured Soluble
(4pts) alcohol:_______
Benzoic acid

Activity 6.Separation and Purification of Organic Compounds Page 51

 B. Extraction (12pts)
Description
Extraction Process Name of Components (Describe the appearance of
the sample)
Sample mixture

Solvent before cooling

After cooling Extracting

solvent: _________
Aqueous
phase : _________
Organic phase: 1.
1. Composition
2.
2. Residue (after evaporation) bluish

C. Sublimation (4pts)
Sublimation Process Name of Components Description
(Color of deposits)
Compound in the mixture that:
1. Undergoes sublimation 1. Benzoic acid Crystalline white
2. Remains in the evaporating 2. dark reddish
sugar
dish brown-black

D. Crystallization (14pts)
Crystallization Process Name of Components Description
(Color of sample)
crude solid sample Benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) White
crystallizing solvent Boiling water Clear/transparent
decolorizing agent charcoal black
filtrate: a clear liquid
Hot filtration: residue: black
1.upon cooling slowly size of crystals are
compact and larger and it
Crystals formed: is well formed
(physical appearance/size of crystals 2. upon cooling with rapid size of crystals formed are
formed) smaller than those crystals
stirring: formed when cooling slowly
and are disoriented

Activity 6.Separation and Purification of Organic Compounds Page 52

 POST-LAB Questions:

1. Discuss the principle behind the process of solution and filtration as a mean of
separation.
Separation technique ________________________________________________________________________
is used to obtain the constituent components of a mixture. In the solution process, it is a dissolution
process where the solute component is dissolved into the solvent. Usually the number of solvents is greater when
________________________________________________________________________
compared to the solutions. Filtration, on the other hand, is a mixture separation method based on variations in the
________________________________________________________________________
particle sizes of combined substances. This technique is used to separate heterogeneous mixtures. Filtrate, the end
product of filtering, ________________________________________________________________________
and residue, the product of residual filtration, make up the components of filtration.
2. How can you prove which of the two layers in extraction is the methylene chloride
layer?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. Indicate at least 3 properties of a good extraction solvent.
________________________________________________________________________
An extraction solvent is a substance used in chemical experiments to dissolve desired components while excluding other undesirable components.
According to research, choosing the right extraction solvent is crucial for chemical synthesis. The following characteristics make a good extraction solvent:
1.) The extraction solvent must________________________________________________________________________
be miscible with the component that must be extracted and there should be good solubility between the two while not
________________________________________________________________________
effectively reacting with impurities.
2.) The extraction solvent must be easily removed from the desired or target compound. Thus, it must bear a relatively good volatility.
3.) To ensure a safer working________________________________________________________________________
environment, the extraction solvent must, to a certain extent, be non-toxic and non-flammable.
4. Explain the term distribution coefficient.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
The distribution coefficient is defined as the concentration of solute in the organic
solvent divided by the concentration of solute in the aqueous phase.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5. Explain the term sublimation and the limitation in the application of the method.
________________________________________________________________________
Sublimation is a purification technique for solids, for organic compounds with lower melting points. The term "sublimation" refers to the
transformation of a solid into a gas without going through the liquid state. The gas phase is then typically crystallized on a cold
surface. But there________________________________________________________________________
are drawbacks to sublimation.
1.) The fumes may ________________________________________________________________________
be blown away, meaning that recovery might not be complete.
2.) Under heat, a non-sublimable substance may decompose.
________________________________________________________________________
6. A difficulty encountered during recrystallization is the failure of the solute to
recrystallize. What steps may be taken to solve this problem?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Activity 6.Separation and Purification of Organic Compounds Page 53