Mathematics – Grade 9

Supplementary Learning Resource

Quarter 4: Trigonometry
First Edition, 2020

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Published by Capas National High School

Dolores, Capas, Tarlac

Development Team of the SLR

Writer :Henry T. Lavitoria
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Content Editor : Henry T. Lavitoria
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CAPAS NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Office Address: Mac Arthur Highway, Dolores, Capas, Tarlac
Telephone Number: (045) 925-3350
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 9
Mathematics
Quarter 4
Trigonometry
M9GE-IVa-1
(Week 1– Illustrates the Six Trigonometric
Ratios)

This instructional material was collaboratively developed by the writers and graphic designers,

We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments,

We value your feedback and recommendations.

 Introductory Message
For the Learner
Welcome to the Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Illustrating the Six Trigonometric Ratios for Grade 9 students.
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through ou
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your o

For the facilitator

This module will help you in facilitating learning in identifying and generating
patterns. More so, by using this module, you can help learners understand, analyze.

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics 9 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Illustrating the Six
Trigonometric Ratios.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and
circumstances.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this self-
learning module. You also need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the self-learning module.
 Set Targets

This module provides you with activities that will help you learn how to demonstrate
understanding of key concepts of quadratic functions
Gauge Prior Knowledge
At the end of this module, the learner should be able to:

Directions: Find out how much you already know about this module. Choose the
• Illustrate the six trigonometric ratios: sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, and
letter that you think best answers the question.
cosecants, and
• Identify parts of a right triangle. 5
1. Given θ, an angle in a right triangle and sin θ = , find cos θ?
13
5 13
A. C.
12 5
12 13
B. D.
13 12

2. With respect to the given angle, what is the ratio of the hypotenuse to the opposite side?
A. Tangent C. Sine
B. Cosecant D. Cosine

3. Which of the following trigonometric ratios is the reciprocal of secant?

A. Tangent C. Sine
B. Cosecant D. Cosine

4. In a right triangle PQR where ∠Q is a right angle, PQ = 12, and QR = 5. What is cos R?
A. 12/13 C. 5/12
B. 5/13 D. 12/5

5. In ∆DOG, ∠G is a right angle. Which side of the triangle is the hypotenuse.

A. DO C. GO
B. GD D. None of the above

Connect Previous Learning

Direction: Using Pythagorean Theorem, find the measurement of the unknown side
in each right triangle.

1. 2.

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 Analyze Concepts

The word trigonometry comes from the ancient Greek word trigon, meaning triangle,
and metron, meaning measure, and the study of trigonometry involves triangle measurement.

Right Triangle Trigonometry is often used to find the length of one side or the measure
of an acute angle of a right triangle.

The sides of a triangle can also be named according to their relationship with a given
angle. Recall that the hypotenuse is always the side opposite the right angle. Hence, it is the
longest side of a right triangle. The side opposite an angle is called an opposite side and the side
which is also a side of the angle is called an adjacent side.

Consider the right triangle ABC, with ∠C as it’s right angle.

A
In relation to ∠ A, BC is the opposite side,
hypotenuse
adjacent while AC is an adjacent side, AB is the
hypotenuse

B C
opposite
A

hypotenuse In relation to ∠ B, AC is the opposite side,

opposite while BC is an adjacent side, AB is the
hypotenuse
B C
adjacent
Take note that in a Right Triangle Trigonometry, these relationships do not apply to
∠C, the right angle.

In any right triangle, we can define six trigonometric ratios. These ratios are the ratios of the
sides of a right triangle. These are as follows:

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 Trigonometric Ratio Abbreviation Definition

sine θ sin θ opposite

hypotenuse
cosine θ cos θ adjacent
hypotenuse
tangent θ tan θ opposite
adjacent
cosecant θ csc θ hypotenuse
opposite
secant θ sec θ hypotenuse
adjacent
cotangent θ cot θ adjacent
opposite

The mnemonic SOH-CAH-TOA can be used to remember how to compute trigonometric

ratios.
opposite
SOH stands for Sine-Opposite-Hypotenuse. That is sin θ =
hypotenuse
adjacent
CAH stands for Cosine-Adjacent-Hypotenuse. That is cos θ =
hypotenuse
opposite
TOA stands for Tangent-Opposite-Adjacent. That is tan θ =
adjacent

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 At the case of csc θ, sec θ, and cot θ, notice that these are just the reciprocals of the
of the trigonometric ratios sin θ, cos θ and tan θ, respectively.

Let us try the following examples applying the concept of trigonometric ratio.

5
Example 1: Given θ, an angle in a right triangle and sin θ = , find the remaining
13
trigonometric ratios of θ.
Solution:
opposite 5
If sin θ = = , then the positions of θ and the given lengths are shown in the
hypot enuse 13
figure.

Solving for the third side:

θ c2 = a2 + b2
h 132 = a2 + 52
12 13 169 – 25 = a2
a2 = 144
a a = √ 144
a = 12
5 o

Thus the remaining trigonometric ratios are:

adjacent 12 opposite 5
cos θ = = tan θ = =
hypotenuse 13 adja cent 12

hypotenuse 13 hypotenuse 13
csc θ = = sec θ = =
opposite 5 adjacent 12

adjacent 12
cot θ = =
hypotenuse 5

Example 2: Find the six trigonometric ratios for each acute angles in the given right triangle.

Solution:
To find the length of the missing side by B

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 Pythagorean Theorem, A C
3

(AB)2 = (AC)2 + (BC)2

52 = 32 + (BC)2
25 = 9 + (BC)2
25 – 9 = (BC)2
16 = (BC)2
√ 16 = BC
BC = 4
The six trigonometric ratios for ∠A: (AC is the adjacent side, BC is the opposite side and
AB is the hypotenuse since it is the side opposite the right angle).
B

opposite 4 hypotenuse 5
sin A = = csc A = =
hypotenuse 5 opposite 4
5 4
hypotenuse opposite
adjacent 3 hypotenuse 5
cos A = = sec A = =
hypotenuse 5 adjacent 3

A C
opposite 4 adjacent 3 3
tan A = = cot A = =
adjacent 3 opposite 4 A
adjacent
dj
a
c
e
The six trigonometric ratios for ∠B: (BC is the adjacent side, AC is the
n opposite side and
AB is the hypotenuse since it is the side opposite the right angle). t
B

opposite 3 hypotenuse 5
sin B = = csc B = =
hypotenuse 5 opposite 3
5 4
hypotenuse adjacent
adjacent 4 hypotenuse 5
cos B = = sec B = =
hypotenuse 5 adjacent 4

A C
opposite 3 adjacent 4 3
tan B = = cot B = =
adjacent 4 opposite 3 A
opposite
dj
a
c
e
Example 2: Find the six trigonometric ratios for each acute angles in the given
n right triangle.
t
1
10
 S
To find the value of s:
s2 = 262 - 102
s = √ 676−100
26 10
s = √ 576
s = 24

T U
s
Adj
ac
ent
The six trigonometric ratios for ∠S: (SU is the adjacent side, TU is the opposite side and
ST is the hypotenuse since it is the side opposite the right angle). S

opposite 24 12 hypotenuse 13
sin S = = = csc S = =
hypotenuse 26 13 opposite 12
26 10

adjacent 10 5 hypotenuse 13
cos S = = = sec S = =
hypotenuse 26 13 adjacent 5
T U
24
opposite 24 12 adjacent 5
tan S = = = cot S = =
adjacent 10 5 opposite 12

The six trigonometric ratios for ∠T: (TU is the adjacent side, SU is the opposite side and
ST is the hypotenuse since it is the side opposite the right angle). S

opposite 10 5 hypotenuse 13
sin T = = =
hypotenuse 26 13
csc T =
opposite
=
5
26 10

adjacent 24 12 hypotenuse 13
cos T = = = sec T = =
hypotenuse 26 13 adjacent 12
T U
24
opposite 10 5 adjacent 12
tan T = = = cot T = =
adjacent 24 12 opposite 5

Enrich Learning
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 Direction: Given the figure, find the values of the indicated trigonometric ratios.

C
1. tan C = ________
2. csc T = ________
3. sec C = ________ 15
9
4. cot T = ________
5. sin C = ________
6. cos T = ________ A T
7. cos C = ________ 12

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 What I Have Learned

A right triangle has one right angle and two acute angles. Opposite the right angle is the
hypotenuse which is the longest side of the right triangle.

The mnemonic SOH-CAH-TOA can be used to remember how to compute trigonometric ratios.
opposite
SOH stands for Sine-Opposite-Hypotenuse. That is sin θ =
hypotenuse
adjacent
CAH stands for Cosine-Adjacent-Hypotenuse. That is cos θ =
hypotenuse
opposite
TOA stands for Tangent-Opposite-Adjacent. That is tan θ =
adjacent
hypotenuse
Cosecant is the reciprocal of sine. That is csc θ =
opposite
hypotenuse
Secant is the reciprocal of Cosine. That is sec θ =
adjacent

Take Into Action

Directions: Given the right triangle ∆CAT, match the trigonometric ratios in Column A with
their corresponding values in Column B. Each value in Column B is paired with a letter to be
used in answering the questions below.

What NUMBER is spelled with letters arranged in alphabetical order?

____ ____ ____ ____ ____

1 2 3 4 5

To answer the question above, solve the given problem. (Number below the blanks are the
ITEM NUMBERS in Column A)
Column A Column B
____ 1, sin Q Y - 25/7
R
R – 24/25
____ 2. sec Q E – 12/25
S – 24/7 25
7
____3. cos Q O – 25/24
T – 7/24
Q S
____4. tan Q F – 7/25 24

____5. csc Q
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 Evaluate Knowledge

Directions: Find out how much you already know about this module. Choose the letter
that you think best answers the question.

5
1. Given θ, an angle in a right triangle and sin θ = , find cos θ?
13
5 13
A. C.
12 5
12 13
B. D.
13 12

2. With respect to the given angle, what is the ratio of the hypotenuse to the opposite side?
A. Tangent C. Sine
B. Cosecant D. Cosine

3. Which of the following trigonometric ratios is the reciprocal of secant?

A. Tangent C. Sine
B. Cosecant D. Cosine

4. In a right triangle PQR where ∠Q is a right angle, PQ = 12, and QR = 5. What is cos R?
A. 12/13 C. 5/12
B. 5/13 D. 12/5

5. In ∆DOG, ∠G is a right angle. Which side of the triangle is the hypotenuse.

A. DO C. GO
B. GD D. None of the above

1
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 Key to Correction

Gauge my Prior Knowledge Evaluate Knowledge Connect Previous Learning

1. B
1. B 1. x = 15
2. C
2. C 2. x = 26
3. D
3. D
4. B
4. B
5. A
5. A

Enrich Learning Take Into Action

1. tan C = o/a = 12/9 or 4/3 1. F
2. csc T = h/o = 15/9 or 5/3 2. O
3. sec C = h/a = 15/9 or 5/3 3. R
4. cot T = a/o = 12/9 or 4/3 4. T
5. sin C = o/h = 12/15 or 4/5 5. Y
6.cos T = a/h = 12/15 or 4/5
7.cos C = a/h = 9/15 or 3/5

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 References

Kto12CurriculumGuide Grade 9,2016

Mathematics for Grade 9 A Spiral Approach

Explanations, Examples, Exercises by Analyn M. Argel
and Alma Angeles

Smart in Mathematics Grade 9 by Von Anthony G.

Torlo, Lawrence Matthew Juan, Marissa Cayabyab,
Faye Ann Dinglasan and Bernadine Samillano

Mathematic 9 Modules by Schools Division of Pasig City

https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-basic-geometry-concepts/section/7.6/

https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/583d9f572615fe565a2884c5/similarity-theorems

https://www.mathsisfun.com/numbers/geometric-mean.html

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