Contents vii
20.5 Complex equations 217 25.4 Determining resultant phasors by the sine
20.6 The polar form of a complex number 218 and cosine rules 268
20.7 Multiplication and division in polar form 220 25.5 Determining resultant phasors by
20.8 Applications of complex numbers 221 horizontal and vertical components 270
25.6 Determining resultant phasors by complex
numbers 272
21 De Moivre’s theorem 225
21.1 Introduction 225
26 Scalar and vector products 275
21.2 Powers of complex numbers 225
26.1 The unit triad 275
21.3 Roots of complex numbers 226
26.2 The scalar product of two vectors 276
21.4 The exponential form of a complex
26.3 Vector products 280
number 228
26.4 Vector equation of a line 283
22 The theory of matrices and determinants 231
Revision Test 8 286
22.1 Matrix notation 231
22.2 Addition, subtraction and multiplication
of matrices 231 27 Methods of differentiation 287
22.3 The unit matrix 235 27.1 Introduction to calculus 287
22.4 The determinant of a 2 by 2 matrix 235 27.2 The gradient of a curve 287
22.5 The inverse or reciprocal of a 2 by 2 matrix 236 27.3 Differentiation from first principles 288
22.6 The determinant of a 3 by 3 matrix 237 27.4 Differentiation of common functions 289
22.7 The inverse or reciprocal of a 3 by 3 matrix 239 27.5 Differentiation of a product 292
27.6 Differentiation of a quotient 293
23 The solution of simultaneous equations by 27.7 Function of a function 295
matrices and determinants 241 27.8 Successive differentiation 296
23.1 Solution of simultaneous equations by
matrices 241 28 Some applications of differentiation 299
23.2 Solution of simultaneous equations by 28.1 Rates of change 299
determinants 243 28.2 Velocity and acceleration 300
23.3 Solution of simultaneous equations using 28.3 Turning points 303
Cramers rule 247 28.4 Practical problems involving maximum
23.4 Solution of simultaneous equations using and minimum values 307
the Gaussian elimination method 248 28.5 Tangents and normals 311
28.6 Small changes 312
Revision Test 7 250
29 Differentiation of parametric equations 315
29.1 Introduction to parametric equations 315
24 Vectors 251 29.2 Some common parametric equations 315
24.1 Introduction 251
29.3 Differentiation in parameters 315
24.2 Scalars and vectors 251
29.4 Further worked problems on
24.3 Drawing a vector 251 differentiation of parametric equations 318
24.4 Addition of vectors by drawing 252
24.5 Resolving vectors into horizontal and 30 Differentiation of implicit functions 320
vertical components 254 30.1 Implicit functions 320
24.6 Addition of vectors by calculation 255 30.2 Differentiating implicit functions 320
24.7 Vector subtraction 260 30.3 Differentiating implicit functions
24.8 Relative velocity 262 containing products and quotients 321
24.9 i, j and k notation 263 30.4 Further implicit differentiation 322
25 Methods of adding alternating waveforms 265 31 Logarithmic differentiation 325
25.1 Combination of two periodic functions 265 31.1 Introduction to logarithmic differentiation 325
25.2 Plotting periodic functions 265 31.2 Laws of logarithms 325
25.3 Determining resultant phasors by drawing 267 31.3 Differentiation of logarithmic functions 325