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Vector and 3D Geometry Skills in Mathematics

Vector and 3D Geometry Skills in Mathematics

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Jyoti Lakhani
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222 views

Vector and 3D Geometry Skills in Mathematics

Vector and 3D Geometry Skills in Mathematics

Uploaded by

Jyoti Lakhani
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Sco Bia Mathematics for JEE MAIN & Y | j ADVANCED 3D Geometry *_ With Sessionwise Theory & Exercises Amit M. Agarwal arihant Skills in Mathematics for JEE MAIN & Y | ] ADVANCED Vector & 3D Geometry With Sessionwise Theory & Exercises Amit M. Agarwal >xarihant ARIHANT PRAKASHAN (Series), MEERUT Skills in Mathematics for JEE MAIN & ADVANCED PREFACE “YOU CAN DO ANYTHING IF YOU SET YOUR MIND TO IT, TEACH GEOMETRY TO JEE ASPIRANTS BUT BELIEVE THE MOST IMPORTANT FORMULA IS tis a matter of grat pide and honour for me to have received such an overwhelming response tothe previous editions ofthis hook from the readers. n a way this has inspired ‘me to revise tis book thoroughly as per the changed pattern of JEE Main & Advanced. 1 have tried to make the contents mote relevant as per the needs of students, many topics Ihave been re-written, lot of new problems of new types have been added in etc. All possible efforts are made to remove all the printing errors that had crept in previous ‘editions. The book s now in such a shape thatthe students would feel at ease while going. through the problems, which will n turn clear their concepts too ‘A Summary of changes that have been made in Revised & Enlarged Edition ‘© Theory hasbeen completely updated so sto accommodate all he changes made in TEE Syllabus & Pattern i recent years ‘+ Themost important point about this new edition i, now the whole est matter ofeach chapter hes been divided into small sessions with exerciein each session In this waythe reader wil be ableto go through the whole chapter in systematic way + Just ater completion of theory, Solved Examples ofall JE types have been given, providing the students a complete understanding ofall he formats of TEE questions & the level of lal= reat ats = Maen 169 = 25 or nas Lexample' 6, Write two vectors having same mmagritode, Sol Leta n2i-s joe and bois} +2k Then, | =i) L Example 7..1f one sie ofa square be represented by the vectors 3i+4j+5, then the area ofthe squares wn os (ox oso sol () Let =35 +4) +8hthen|a| “ee 2 Green “Ths the length of aside of square = SVE Hence, ae of gure = (5 Direction Cosines Let re the position vector of a point P(x.y. 2). Then, direction cosines of rare the cosines of angles 0, and that the vector x makes with the positive direction of X,Y ‘and Z-aces respectively. We usually denote direction cosines by Lm and n espectively. Inthe figure, we may note that AAP is right angled triangle and in it we have % (rstands for|r) ‘Similarly, from the right angled triangles OBP and OCP, weget cosB=% and cos “Thus, we have the folowing Remarks 1. Mhecoortnatest pint Pay ao be esessedas The eters ane. proprtonal oth .proprtnal nthe diecton ‘ose ae cl he dc alos of ectore a ae ‘ensiya Sart crespctnet. a trmad t] eek then bana caveat ts ofthe der sk, Asia + 84 cf «Athena Da ell bition sotnes of phen ecto LExample 8, The dtection cosines of the veetor 3i-a} eK are sot ye =sim aja ~ ts BF OPS a5 Hence direction cosines are 3, 4 5. NESE ME SNP example 9, show thatthe vector ij +i is equally inclined to the axes OX,0¥ and OZ. Sol Leta sitj +k Ma rakes angles ywith X.Y and 2c expec then ence a oe 4 coB= J ot cored “Thus. we have cosas cosf = corsLeme= [= Henceva is equally inlined! tothe axes, Rectangular Resolution of a Vector in 2D and 3D Systems In Two Dimensional System ‘Any vector rin two dimensional system can be expressed. asr= x+y). The vectors si and y) are called the perpendicular component vectors ofr Chap 01 Vector Algebra § ‘The scalars x and y are called the components or resolved parts of rin the direetions of X-asie and Y-axis, respectively and the ordered pair (x,y) is known as coordinates of point whose postion vector ist Also, the magnitude of r= x" +y* and if@ is the inant the Sea hen =n" (2) In three Dimensional System Any vector +n three dimensional system can be expressed as sande ore calle the right angle components of Te salats x,y ands are calle the commporents ot resale parts of inthe ditections of Nea. Yeasis and Zeaxis respectively anal onder triplet (aye) i ktown ascoordinates of Pwchase postion Vector ie FAL the magnitude of mols of vein eyes [example 10. tet AB bea vector in two dinensional plane withthe magnitude 4 units and making an angle (of 30° with ‘ais and ying in the fst quaant) Find the components of AB along the two aves of coordinates Hence, represent AB in tems of unit vectors Fan j 6 Textbook of Vector & 3D Geometry Sol Let us consider A as origin. From the diagram, it can be seen that the component of AB along X-axis, and the component of AB along Y-axis 1 = ABsin 30° = 4x2. AB: : Hence, AB =2/5i+2] Exercise for Session 1 1. Classify the folowing measures as scalars and vector (20 kg wotaht was (i) 10 m soutneast (7) 50 msec? 2. Represent the folowing grazhically: G)A displacement af 40 km, 20° west of south (a displacement of70 km, 40" north of west 3. In the given figure, ABCDEF is a regular hexagon, which vectors are (0 Cotinear (Equal ()Cointiat ( Cotinear but not equa! ‘Answer the following as true or fase ()aand are colinear. (i) Two colinear vectors are always oqual in magnitude, (i) Zero vector i eique. (@v) Two vectors having same magnitude are cotinear. ‘5. Find the perimeter of a tiangle wih sides 3i-+ 4] «Si 41-3}—Si ond 7i +] 6. Find the angle of vector a = 61 +2)-Skwith X-axis |} +2k and hence calculate its drection cosines. 7. Write the direction ratios of the vector r= Session 2 Addition & Subtraction of Vectors, Multiplication of Vector by Scalar, Section Formula Addition of Vectors (Resultant of Vectors} |. Triangle Law of Addition two vectors are represented by two consceutive sides of ‘triangle, then their sum is represented by the tied side ‘ofthe triangle, bt in opposite direction, This is known as the triangle law of addition of vectors. Thus, AB= a, fand AC: 2. Parallelogram Law of Addition two vectors are represented by two adjacent sides of « parallelogram, then their sum is represented by the fiagonal of the parallelogram whose intial point i the ‘same asthe intial point of the given vectors. This is ‘known as parallelogram law of vector addition ‘Thus, if OA=a,0B= band OC=€ ‘Then,OA+ OB= OCie.a+b= ¢, where OCis adi ‘ofthe parallelogram OACB. onal & — Remarks 4. The mggntudeofa+ ist equa th sum ofthe ‘egndvces ofa ard b 2 From tho figure we hve OA + AC = OC (By langle ian of vector sition) $rOA + OB - OC(: AC-=OB) which sth parallagram lee Tu, wa may sy tat ne ols feel 26a are ‘Suvalent eben eh 3, Polygon law of addition If the mumber of wectors are represented by the sides of = polygon taken in order, the resultant i represented by the losing side ofthe polygon taken in the reverse order. eo In the figure, AB+ BC+ CD+ DE+ EI 4. Addition in Component Form the vectors are defined in terms i +-a;)-+asKeand b=byi + By) + by ke then their sum is defined as at b=(a, +b,)ie (a2 +b,)} H(ay +s) AF Properties of Vector Addition Vector aditon has the following properties (9 Closure The sum of two vectors is always a vector. (@) Commutativity For any two vectorsa and b, = atbebea (i) Associtivity For any thre vetorsa, bande, = atbte=lartyte (0) Identity Zero vector i the denity for aio, For = OFasasato (0) Adahtve inverse For every vector a ite negative a) ra=0 esas the additive inverse ofthe vector a, [example 11, Find the unit vector paalle! to the resultant vector of 2'+.4}~ Sh and f+2}+ 3k ‘Sol Rest vce, = sine (i 2) +3) asi +6) ake 8 Textbook of Vector & 3D Geometry 1 Lost sector pe oe ; il rc Wit 6j-) loi g)-aiy Example 12.11 a,b and are the vectors represented bythe les fa tag, taken in dr, the prove that a+ b+ ¢=0. _ m Sol Let ABCe a triangle sch that B= a, CA= ban ‘te ‘Then.at b+ e= BC+ CA+ AB DAs AB == Ans AD atbreno fnesea= na) Hence proved Lexample 13. if isthe mic-point of side QR of a ‘APQR, then prove that PQ PF Sol Clearly, by’ or PQs Qs= Ps 0 and PRY RSH PS On adding Es. (and (we get (PQ+ QS)+(PR+ RS)=2PS = (PQ PR)+(Qs+ RS) =2"S w = Pgs PR+O=2PS [5 isthe mid-point of QR. QS = ~ RS) Hence, PQ* PR=ZPS Hence proved Example 14. 1f ABCDEF isa regular hexagon, prove that AD+ EB+ FC =4AB. Sol. Wea "ADs £B+ C= (AB+ BC+ CD)+(ED* DC+ CB) +FC = AB-+(BC+ CB) +(CD+ DC)+ ED+ FC AD 04 OF ADYZAD = 4A ( ED» AB Fe=2A0) Hence proved. Subtraction of Vectors awn bare two vectors then ther subtraction a~ b is defined ava~ b= a +(-b), where ~bis the negative of b having mite equal to that of b and disection ‘opposite toby taj task vi tbai+bok (0) )1H(02 ed} +L@y BD Properties of Vector Subtraction Wa-beb-a ()@-b)-c#a-b-6) (ui) Sine, any one side ofa triangle is ess than the sum and greater than the diference ofthe other two sides, 40 forany two vectors @and B, we have G@la+bislal+1o ——()[a+b|>I9\-[b] (Ola-bislals1b] —— (@)[a~B|2I0\~[b} Remark Wand Bare two point in space hang coors 2) rats yea then {AB = Posten vector of Postion Vector of A Foi y+ 28)-t+ nd staal ere nlite 20k Chap 01 Vector Algebra 9 example 15.1 A=(0, 1,8 2) and Acoso ‘= (2,1) prove that vector AB and CD are equal Sil Here, AD=(1-01+0-}=i-j and CD=(2-1)i+0-2)j=i-j 8 ¢ len, AN CD ence prove. oie Giesion 1 example 16. i the poston vectors ofA and Now, (AB |= (B=aF BF Hea respectively i+ 3]~7k and S1-2)+ak, then find AB. Similarly, BC= CA = Ya) ¥(y=BF He Sol Let Oe the orig, then we have {-AABCisan qtr ire eA 1 example 20. the poston vectors ofthe vertices of and Dasari A tiangle be 2i+4j~k,ab+ 5} hand 3146}~ 5%, ° then the ange is asinsjenk (a dghanled (isosceles eeeaneeee soetbctiniaaare (equilateral {6 None ofthese Example 17. Vectors drawn from the origin © to the say (4b) Let, A. Cibe the vertices of given triangle with Bains AB and Care respectively ab and 4a—3b. Fed gs yecoah+4j~ i 5} + anda jah Sal Wehave,OA= 2,0B= band OC™=ta 3b ana “Then, we have example 18, Find the direction cosines of the vector Joining the points At.2,-5) and B(-1~2,), directed from A108 Sol Clearly, AB = (1-4 Now, aB=[An|= (F479 Be [nq = fF +0 +8 Now, [AB)= CO + (a #08) = 58 ‘apy othe aie and AC=|Ac|= [FHC =3 Unit vector along AB AE = cas Act pas eaat Example 21. the two adjacent sides of example 19. tet Band 7 be distinct real numbers. parallelogram are 21 +4) ~ sk and i+2)43K Find the The pons with postion vectors unit vectors along the clagoals ofthe parallelogram. cit B}+ yk Bi yj+0tke and vita j+ Bk Sol Let OABC e the given palelogram ae the adjacent (eae colaear sides OA ad Of be represented by a= i+ 48k and {0 form an equiteralwiengle +2) akc cepectv. (0 form asealene tangle Now, the vectors log the to diagonals are (6 fom aight angled wiongle z Z Sel) Le the given point be A, Band with poston vectors GieG} +B Grok andy + real number rfore ABC Cleary, AB= 03-8 »(Si+ Gv ak) (oir 6h Ho =G-aii+(y- Pi +a -nk 10 Textbook of Vector & 30 Geometry “Te required wnt vectors are iyo te. sina ial peas +a al” a 2456 -Hi- fir he LExample 22. if a and b are any to vectors, then ve the geometrical interpretation of the relation [a+ bl=[a— 0) Sol, Let OA= a and AB=b, Completing the parllogrem onsc, Then, OC=bandc From BOAR we have OAS Al o From AOCA, we have (0c + CA~ 04 i 4) Clea, Dagon of peg ARC ae ate mean cent OC = aL jhe 25 the sum of wo un vectors isa unt ctor prove ht th magne of thor ference Sol ttt rower peed yes OA ar ‘aes Then, OA= 4, AB= 6 0p-OA+ AB= a+ 6 (asing triangle law of vector ation) tis given that, fi] =[64=[6+ 6 = |oA|+1AB)=108) ‘SOABis equ Since. [OA “Therefore, AOA it an ese tangle. Scat 0 £A08=30° S Zhcer = 2008+ 2408" =60" +30" = 0° (since, BOB ts rght aed) m0, we have (a0? =[08" +1001? =[s08f a5] att e166? Kb Hence proved Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar Xaisa vector and isa salar (eal number) thea mais vector whose magnitude jem times that ofa and ‘hose direction ithe same a tha fa ifm is positive and opposite to that of, ori negatve, Magnitude ofma=|ral = m (magnitude of2)=m[a| Apinita=aieshvak then ma =(oa,)i +(ma,)} (mas) Properties of Multiplication of Vectors by a Scalar ‘The fllowing are properties of multiplication of vectors by scalars, for vectorsa, band scalars mn (-m) = (ma) (io) (m+n) ()m(a+b)=marmb Example 24. if ais a non-zero vector of modulus @ and m, isa non-zero scalar, then ma is a unit vectr, if ‘am Sol (9 Since, mas aunt vector. * Inlial= = Ima a mat isi isi LExample 25. For a non-zero vector a, the set of real ‘numbers, satisfying (5~ x)a|<| 2a| consists of all x such that @0 a=Nb. where A=! ‘Then, Proof Is given that o Suppose that x #0, then dividing both ses of () by the scalar x, we get z « Now, ~ is a scalar, because x and y are scalars. Hence, Eq, (i) expressesa as product of b by a scalar, so thata and bare collinear. Thus, we arrive at contradiction because a and bare given to be ‘non-collinesr. “Thus our supposition that x #0, is wrong. Hence, x=0. Similarly, y=0 Remarks o.b=0 Aerat yh=0 3 {1207-0 affe 2. Wasnt se wo noncligs lemon par vectors, then Proof nat bends nb = inns On [aan are nancolines] Me bis then ate Test of Collinearity of Three Points () Thyee points A,B and Care collinear, if AB = ABC (i) Three points with postion vectors, band. are collinear if there exist sealas x, y and = not all zo such that xa 4 yb 260, where 249 4 Proof Let us suppose that points A Band C are cellinear and their postion vectors area, band e respectively. Let C divide the join of and bin the ratioy:x. Then, sits Ty or satyb-Urty) or sa tybts0=0, where Chap 01 Vector Algebra 17 Also, stytrexty-(stn=o Conversely. let a $38 ce =0 where x+y ‘Therefore, . a : A, Band Care cline. Now At Cae Ain the atl then Tammany = HEPC iim the ratio y:: x. Hence, the three points A. Band C msi ‘are collinear. ~ abies brjand e=eyi tes} then the points with postion veeora, band e willbe a art Hence C vides aR exe nthe alo? 2 ieerrmrian aL Ep! example 36. i the position vectors of £,8,C and © ocean are 21+}. +2] and i+}, respectively and roof The pons with postin vectors bande wil enw ‘be collinear iff there exist scalars x,y and = not all eae From etions we gek = be 3 8 1-6 re ae 8 as xlayi+a,)) +3401 + be} +21 7 styte=g = key ty + 03 +96: + xtyt ‘Tus, the points will be collinear iff the above system cof equation’s hve non-trivial solution Hence, the points wil be collinear ay bye a ~ 52) ae colinear, Fas Jas bs es rad 40 example 34. show thatthe vectors 21—3}+ and (None of these ai +6) Hh are colinear. ‘(Tete pats recliner if So it anti-sjetk and b= -tiegj-st consider, b= +6} th =—a2i 35+ 4l)=—m 1 The vetosa and bare oliner WE 8452)-40-0)+(-2080480) 20 example 35. show that the points A(L23),.8(3 8,7) > *P~120430-2080¢8=0 and C{~3,~2,—5) ae collinear. Find the ratio in which, mse point € dides a8, Se Cealy, AB=@-01 44-2} 40-91% Example 38. Let a,b and be three non 2010 vectors aisziak such that two ofthese, ae cone. the vector eecahieeene ‘a+b iscoliear with ¢ and bs 3 is colinear with a = (2 being some non-zero scalar), then a+ 26+ c is equal to ao oy (One (Ora 18 Textbook of vector & 30 Geomety Sol) Asa¢2 and are clincara +2 0 Agu, b+ Seis colinesr witha, % bese pa wy Now, at2bece=(ar2b)+6e=Ae+6e =D +66 i) Also, at 2b ¥6cna tah eseaa tain =e -w) From Eas i) nd). we get Coen Bata ande are non-zero, nm callinse vectors, heenomqrt Hence, 4426 46 Theorem of Coplanar Vectors Leta and bbe two non-zero, nocollinear vectors. Then ‘any vector r coplanar with a and bean be uniquely ‘expressed as a linear combination ta + ye and y being scalars Proof Leta and bbe any twe non-zero, non-colinear Vectors and rbe any vector coplanar witha and b We take any point O in the plane ofa and b Let OA=,0B=b and OP= Cleasly, OA, OB and OP ae coplanar. ‘Through P, we draw lines PM and PN, parallel to OB and (OA respectively meeting OA and OB at Mand N respectively. Wehave, OP=OM + MP = OM+ON [: MP=ON and MP||ON] .() Now, OM andOA are collinear veetors OM= wher egiere = Pr re-wto P+ 390-270 -00"=0 AP +30)-200° +20) (8-204 +30) P-2Q=0 of Ps39=0 P2020 grres Pas 2 (© Ex, 4 A vector has the components 2p and 1 wrt. @ rectangular cartesian system, This system is rotated through (certain angle about the origin in the counter clockwise Sense. If with respec toa new system, a has components (p+ Mand then oy } (pe-torp= 2 p=torp=-1 ‘Sol. () We hve, a = 294+ 5 Cn rattan, let be the vector with components(p+ Nand seat, Now, * Papen epee = ap=£(p41) > 3p=-1 oF pat ’ orpat 3 © Ex. 5 ABC isan isosceles triangle right angled at A. Forces of magnitude 22,5 and 6 act along BC,CA and AB respectively. The magnitude of ther esultant force ie on os coma ox Sol.) Reoid =6co00" + 28 celi0" — B) + Seos270° ReosB m6 Dees 0 Raind = tsino* + 2B 80° B) + Seinaro® q aye Rind =2VsinB 5 « From (and we get Raab + Hoos B24, + tain B + 25 ~ 203.0 261 + cos iB) ~ 205 con = 2068508 24 Textbook of Vector & 20 Geometry ABC cn ht angle esis ge Wot enya # Ex. 6 A line segment has length 63 and direction ratios 4re3,~2 and 6, The components of line vector are (27,1854 7.1451 (2. im-se = -18 54 ‘SOL () Lt the component fine eget on aes ey ants Componens ae, 1K Soe (-2, 18-50). © Ex. 7 ifthe vectors6i ~2} + 3h, 28 +3} ee and 31-46} ~ 2k forma triangle, then it is (ys angled (obtuse angled (@equiater! (isosceles, Sol.) AB= Postion vectors of 8 Potion vector of A Gi +3} Ula} +32)=— os} [An] = EF BT aT SE 5 |BC|« JTFFF I = VB and AC =i +8) 3 acl “Tecon, AB? =128,BC* = 26nd AC? 98 = AB Bch 364 122= 108 Since, AC? < ABE + BC? therefore ABCs an obtuse angled tenngle {8 The postion vectors of the points A, Band C ere (2+ jo. 012) +e) and + 43) respectively. These points (0) frm an ose wale (form aight angled ante (©) arecainesr (@) forma selene tangle Sol) ABEO-2ii+E-N} +e nk nies} ah Bead ai +(440} +63-nk ale th cana phen) CLenk =) -th Jana fro t= Inc) = 0964 To =o jeal=yirera= sil Ss)A + [AC] =10Cl ante Bete Aad BC oan ols lane. # Ex. 9 The postion vector ofa point C with respect 1B is Ts jand that of with respect tA Is =). The position vector of with respect 10 Ais (ai 3 (0-3 =i ‘ol. Since, poston vectors point C with respet 19 Bit ne =te) o Sina, avei-} ey Now. by Es. (9 ad i, Ac Ans nC © Ex. 10 In aAABC, if 2AC=3CB, then 20A +308 is equal to (sc (-0c (aoc (O)None of these Sol. (0)204 +308 =0C+CA)+40C + CB) =S0C 126A +3¢8=S0C (-2CA =-3¢8) © Ex. 11 fab, candd be the postion vectors ofthe Points A 8,C and D respectively, refered to same origin O uch that no thee ofthese points are collinear and a+c=b-+d, then quadrilateral ABCD ise (a) square (© rhombus (o)retangle (@)paraleogram Sol.) ives, atesbed Jorestoea Mam nos of AC sd BD cic where AC ad are diagonals, In addition, we know that dagonals of Porleapan tics nh ce ove qr prgram (© Ex, 12 Pisa point onthe side BC ofthe ABC andQ is 4 point such that PQ isthe resultant of AP. PB and Pe. Then, ABQC ia (a) squwe (O)rectangle (© parallelogram (Grapes Sol. (2) AP+PR4+PC=PQor AP PR=PQ+CP ‘ence it a paalllogran. {© Ex. 13 If ABCD is a parallelogram and the postion vectors of A,B and C are +43} +5k, 1+) +h and7i +7) 47h, then the position vector ofD will be corlasjean (yriesjenne (osterient Costes Sol) Let poston vector of Dis +3} +a then AB = DC - -2)sk=g- ail +0-yhe-ak i wetyssands=1 ene, postion vector of willbe7l +9] +13 (© Bx. 14 P isthe point of intersection of the diagonals of the parallelogram ABCD. /0 is any point, then 04'+0B +OC+00 is equal 0 (@or (© 20° (@30P (@s0P Sol () We know that, wl be the mid-point of AC and BD. oA +0c=20P 0 sd OB+OD=207 o (Onadaing Fas. (ae. we ge (0A + 08+ OC + OD=40F © Ex. 15 IFC isthe mide point of AB and P is any point outside AB, then (PA+Pa=PC (rasraszre (PAs PBs PC (PA «PRs 2PC =o Sol.) PA's PB=(PA + AC)+(PB+ BC)~(AC + BC) = PC + PC -(AC CB) =20C 0 (AC cB) Chap 01 Vector Algebra 25 PAs PB =20C © Ex. 16 1f0 be thecircumcentr and 0 be the “orthocenre ofthe ABC, then O' A+O" B+0'C is equal to @OO" (h)20'0 200" (Ho Sol.) OYA=0'0 +0 (0° -00'+ 08 oc=0'0 +0 = OA +0 +0'C=200 +0A +0B-+ 0c Sen, oAro (© Ex. 17 Five points given by 4 B,C, DandE are ina plane. Thre forces AC, AD and AE act a A and thre forces 8, DB andEB act 8B. Then, ther resultant is G@)2ac 348 308 ome Sol.) Pos A.B.C, Dad & ate in plane Resant (AC + AD‘ AE)+CB + BD +EB) (AC + CB) +(AD + DB) +(AE + EB) SAD. AB AB=2AB +0'C=20'0 © Ex. 18 Ifthe vectors represented bythe sides AB and BC ofthe regular hexagon ABCDEF bea andb, then the vector ‘represented by AE will be Le AN = ae 26 Textbook of Vector & 30 Geometry * Ex. 19 arb te=0.and|a|~3|b| = lel=7, then the sre betven ad oF of wf ot so.) ‘Yet O be the ange betweena and, Then, 2C =x 8 coin -0) = 2+ BS) nono ener © Ex, 20 Ifa andb are the postion vectors ofA and 8 ‘respectively, then the postion vector ofa point om AB produced such that AC =3AB is (@3a-b @ab-a (3a (036-20 Sol, () Since, pven tht AC =3AB. It mens tat pint C divider ‘AB extra ‘Thus, ACB of Hence © Ex. 21 Let A and 8 be points with position vectors a and b with respect tothe originO. Ifthe point C on OA i euch that 2AC =CO, CD is parallel toOB and [CD=3]0B), then AD ir equal to (oa6-2 (oabed ‘Therefore, |€D|=31 08) = cD=sb = op=0c+ ep: Ex. 22 Ifposition vectors ofa point A is a+ 26 anda, ives ABin the rati2 3, then the position vector of 8 is (aap @p-a hen divides AB in the 2x vas 28) - Seam -heae = eam © Bx. 23 I/D. £ and F are respectively, the mid points of ‘AB, AC end BC in ABC, then BE + AF is qual to woe dar com o2or Sot mts 08-005 04-4 iad gona ha a, SPaa-b pMsthemiipitof end kee rontog Sith ht t= 5 en torcedon ox =2er (oes 2m (@)None ofthe above Sol @) we take point Pate xg the poten ves of and 5 are a and b—a respectively. = es Tn AFOR we have 5 ae PRAFO+OR = PR=a+d © Ex. 25 Orthocentre ofan equilateral triangle ABC isthe origin. If OA =, OB =b, OC=6, then AB+2BC+3CA ‘equal to (se se @o ob ‘Sol. For an equilateral ingle, eateld ste same as Srocente onronsoc : oa+0n+0c=0 Now, AB+2BC+3CA (08-04 +200 ~208+308-206 =-0B+20A-0c 2-108 +04 +00) + 30A=30A=38 * Ex. 26 ab, ‘respectively of SABC and if \a -B| Jeal=3, then the distance between the centroid and ingentre of MABC is @ ot wo? eo} i Chap 01 Vector Algebra 27 Sol.) Let Ge extol and Tbe inceter |cr=l01-06) © Ex. 27 Let position vector of points A,B and of trian- le AABC respectively bei +}-+2i +2} +ieand 2+] +i Leth, fy andl, be the lengths of perpendiculars drawn fam the orthocenter ‘0"on the sides AB,BC and A, then(l +1, +4) equals oz oz of os se aon / \e obo Fahy Cay tig formed by the piven ps +} +2, Tea} Randal «J+ has equsten a t= 30 = Ac = Distance of ortcente'O fiom the sides i equal onze ‘ethene ie Sar, ; 1 = themed drhrwad a8 © Ex. 28 ABCOEF isa regular hexagon inthe XY plane with vertices in the antilochwise direction. If AB = 2i, then wiry (None ofthese 28 Textbook of Vector & 30 Geometry [ABs along he X-ais ad BD slong he Yi, AB ath = AB=BC=C = From the figure, AM = BCxingo?=auinsa®= JS mp =25} BO= BCcosso"L + BCuinsor}= 1 + 5} c= BD-Be= 25-4 VS= 145} (© Ex. 29 The vertices of triangle are AQ..2).5(43.1) and (2,35). vector representing the internal bisector of the ZAis coisiszt woai-dsk Oaivaj+k (d) None of these S06 From hfe we ave BeaCais desk aie} k aka and é $ ade eis «Unit wetr alg the isso of ZA sven by bee Gsz}ssbe oi +2) _aagek + Any vector along the angle bisector of zanaleapeh 12 if oes inantts-nb=B-a-De ‘icc canta eghl2 ee es twase wate ox wake Sol. (6) Let. : eid IM seh Monee 2} ~ aia =a -} » 2h 5 = 210d hast AAD, We will then AD. then © Ex. 31 na trapezium, the vectorB ind that p = AC-+BD ie collineer with AD. If Gayeket @aantt (ran=t (oun2sa Sol. (a) We have,p=AC + BD =AC + BC +.CD AC + AD +.0D SAAD +(AC+ CD)=2AD+ AD =Q.4 DAD Therefore, p=HAD = H=A+1 © Ex. 32 Ifthe position vectars ofthe points A, Band be “}=He—nh +n} eed 1)=akbet)=-2he=e and bis acbirary scala © Ex, 93 Leta.b ande be distinct non-negative numbers and the vectorsai +a) +d i+ keel ++ Be lien plane, then the quadratic equation ax? + 2ex-+b=0 has (areal and equa ots (rel and unequal rote {e) unea roots {bath oot rel and postive Sol. baler d+ and d+ 9+ Meare coplanar lee a0 =9 ct mahao For oquationay? +2604 60 Dat -4abao ‘a rot aera and eq © Ex. 34 The numberof tne real values of for which the vectors Bike ~A¥) andi +(2~sind)} = AR are coplanar is @o wr wr wos Sol (DH A=O 9 AOA HDL —ah oo et $05) 90 A842 main 22 (OA + MPF 2~co)>AVE R 0) = obs oye elon X= # Ex. 35 The points A(2~x,2,2), 2,2-y2), (€(2.2,2~2)andD(1, 1,1) are coplanar, then locus of Ply. 2)is @teteter © Ex. 36 p= a~2b +eande=-3a+b426, wherea,b.¢being non-zero non-coplanar vectors, then the vector~2a +30—e is equal to (op-4q ® ()tpa2e Sol) Let-2a+98— cmap +99 tar teeth eae yse)e eae +s nase rote Bed y tena senty tes and yer JEE Type Solved Examples : Chap 01 Vector Algebra 29 Onssting thes. we gt rey == rates weg i +a 46 © Ex. 37 Ifay anda, are two values ofa for which the unit vectra + 8}+ 3 is linearly dependent with i +2) and jh, then + is equal to a w Sot (at +k oh + Fico vector ave ost and o ae root of above equation aa aa More than One Correct Option Type Questions © Ex. 38 The vector i +x) +3k is rotated through an angle Sa doted nmap bees 41 +(4x—2)j + 2k The values of x are ws o2 ws wo Sol. a) Lata=i +3} + 3% peal+ca-2j+ak iver ta “1B Fe etesett ten 2 seal © Ex, 39 ab ande are three coplanar unit vectors such thata +b +0. f three vectors p,q and are parallel to ab ande respectively, and have integral ut diferent magni tudes, then among the fllowing options. |p +4 ++| can take value equal to @r oo Os Sol. (cd) Leta and elie in he XP pane, 2 43 8 + Spates u ‘Thecforep + q+ el=iha the] proo(-He-8i)o4 -.-t-)e Su-n] 30 Textbook of Vector & 30 Geometry Par ge “a F HTS = Ips qf eantake a value egal to Sand Now othe Bist Bi+i to, lla + lle, Fal*ibi" Fas 1 one necator © Ex. 42 The vectorsxi-+(x etl} +(x +2) (491 +04} +60 49)k and (e460) #6479} +0048) or coplanar is equal to = 1 @1 ws @F wo met mat man Wmen ‘sutesa ; Sol.) Lt EB p AB and CE =9C astern) rics nie ere ae (e4 O)+ (e+ Sand Tend pandas (esas eis tce ak wenn: Wehr 2 eerminnt fhe concent ae +3 cH x5) Appling C,-+ Ce Gans + 6, ~G, weave lees 1 a] -0 Hence xe R Sines EB + BC + CE=0 pth ~t}+ahy= la) at s}-3i. © Ex. 43 Ginen three vectors 3b, and are non-zero and ceGpm +1 -eqn + -épm=2-+ 15g} + @pm—tqnk0nomcoplanar ctor Then which ofthe lowing ere 4 ieee Hea etanes Gitibeacis Ginhbrceee eames Gstbrcere (orenbecets sages trasbensey 2 pennies abeniat b)s(ena) So, vectors options () (€ and (ae coplanar. (© Ex. 44 Ina four-dimensional space where unit vectors along the axes rej kandi, and ay.az,aysay ee fur ‘nonzero vectors such that no vector canbe expressed as a linear combination of others and ~ 1a, © Ex. 44 If non-zero vectors a andb are equaly inclined to poplacar yeter ether cat Be ay +ay)+Y(a) +04 ~2a,)+a, +5a4 =0, then lal_,,_I a 1 faire “Tale ret wm wont a aeclalg Sol (4,4) isi" ale =a, a) lay +a as ial, ibL be Gia sR EMEP Petey ee Slane iai+ 261" * ial +a Sine.) 8payandag ae ney epenlent oy, tly Rateat-aep Tal+bi" * Gali BeYsIH0 wd T4800 Sot cu) Se and basen cee gthare cmt Asuna yereagsbee Me Asta eadye te JEE Type Solved Examples : Statement | and Il Type Questions Disections (Ex. Nos. 45-51) This section(s based on Statement and Statement I Selet the correct answer rom the codes given below (@) Both Statement I and Statement Il ar correct and Statement Ils the corset explanation of Statement 1 ( Both Statement and Statement I re correct bit Statement Iie not the correct explanation of Statement (© Statements corroct but Statement Iis inconect (@ Statement Iie correct bt Statement is incorrect © Ex. 45 Statement| ifla|=3\b|=4 anda +b) then| a —b|=5. Statement Il The length ofthe diagonals of rectangle is the same. Sol. (a) We have ajacet ses of tangle = ‘The length ofthe agonal isla Since it satiate the Pythagoras theorem.a 1b othe parallelogram sa rectangle enc, the length ofthe aber diagonal | © Ex. 46 Statement! ij] +b] are perpendicular to each other. Statement in magnitude, then the parailelogram is rectangle. ‘Sol. (o)a-+ ba —bave the diagonals of» parallelogram whose fides rea and [abl then a ands Ine bi=fa-b) “Thus, diagonals of the progr have he sae length So.the parallelogram a rectangle ie a 1 Ex. 47 Statement isthe icentre of ABC, then [BC|IA +|CA 1B +1 ABIIC=0 Statement I The postion vector of centroid of SABC i OA +0B+06 3 Sol. () We know that, 1 =LEBLOA +1A 100+ |AB] OC ST TBCI+1CAT#TABL on + 08+ 0c md og eA FOBLOC © Ex. 48 Statement| ifuandv are unit vectors inclined ‘tan angle and sa nit vector bisecting the angle the diagonals of peralelogram are equal chap 01 Vector Algebra 31 between them, then x = 9 asin 2 Statement HIFABC isan isosceles tangles with (AB= AC = then vectors representing bisector of angle Abe AME AC 2 Sol.) We know tht the un veo along ser of wt 1 hte Oe the angle been aiven by AD vectors wand y ‘loin an ancele AADC in which AB= AC the dian ae sector © Ex, 49 Statement | If 1a +b are coplanar, thene = 4a~b, Statement ITA st vclOrsay.,Ajeon dy 1 Said fo be linearly independent, every relation ofthe form ay aay 4 bty tty 0 implies that hat =b eal) Sol. (a banc eare coplanar €= ha wb => andy © Ex. 50 Statement| Let Ala), ib) and Cle) be three points such thata=2i +b = 31 —j-+ 3% and +7] Sie Then, OABC isa tetrahedron Statement Il Let A(a), 6(6) andC(c) be three points such that vectorsa,bande are non-coplanar. Then OABC isa tetrahedron. ‘Sor. a Given vectors are nom-oplans Hence the anewer ie). © Ex. 51 Statement I Let a,b,canda be the postion vectors of ur points A,B,C andD and 3a~2b-45e ~Gd 0. Then points A,8,C andD are coplanar Statement I Three non-zero linearly dependent conta vectors (PQ PR and PS) are coplanar. Then PQ=1PR PS, where? andjt are scalars. Sol. (0) “2b 4 Sea waa 28) +54 +5094 2ABeSAC-6AD=0 “Therefor AR, AC and AD elie depen 32 Textbook of Vector & 20 Geometry JEE Type Solved Examples Passage Based Questions Passage 159, (Hence, P ides Ain thea 3 Land vies DBiathe nin ee esr ode nao 3 ABCD isa parallelogram. Lisa point on BC which divides Thus, q=1pe {BC in the ratio 1:2. AL intersects BD at P.M isa point on Dewthses DCitereot tod ta monae ma BDinQ. se. Ex 52 Pint ides ALi te ao panel uz rs * Ge tos Passage se S05) (© Ex. 53 PointQ divides DB in the ratio @ one Let A860. 5 preter ofa reer ptgen a “Gb: Ges poston score hse chien lorena 6x 54 ra:DBizege s : + 64 55 retin §D neato 2 ot 3 catt : wiceniion!l atom e! 0 renin (react -2eor® (None ofthese sot ex New 559 20 #86 ADdvitesEC inthe ratio wenn co oco® eo ovr wre ‘Sol. (Ex Nos. 55-56) Given ABCD Ess reslapentasee Let AP AALand es Dine ag \ Te APetas ts o é oF 6 hin Abpea 0 Frente Leper alt Anh eect Dupe noon abe panstoee Thee OCB pepe pen curt Bl ‘he puoneteroPonDae banner. Mmaneorapzee sited Cchap 01 Vector algebra 33 ‘Therefore, AOC tombs, ‘Sol, (Ex.Nos. 57-58) zane = 2400 = 3% Oe) 16 28) sot Zon zaco=n-2% -7% Furth, OA=AB=tandoc=co=t ‘Thus, AEADand AOCD are ioeees 3 He Lethe poston vector of Aapd Chea and erepectivey Tere, Psion vestor of “ 4) ‘Now, pint es on angle bisector of 2AOC. Thus, Poston ecor of point a) ‘Ale P vides EA nation: 1. Therefore, Position vest ao mr i ese res eS) -” Passage Il Comping Ep (i ad Gu. et (Ex. Nos 571058) ‘rihsrie {Ina parallelogram OABC vecorsa, be respectively the 3) poston vectors af vertices 4, B,C wth reference oO as ‘origin, A point E is taken on the side BC which divides it in - ‘Meratioof2 Also th line segment AB terse the lin icc the angle CAOC internally at pain P.1VCP tnhen exended mets AB in pit F, thon seat x. 57 The postion vector of point Pi aa, ° see jal (=<) Fete aailal “i 9.) Svpsiton eos of ls (2 5) dalle (a +) 458, () Le F vides 4B in aio #1 then positon ve 5+ alla “il net then potion vector of Fle (oZalleL (=. ‘) i cose ia peice rerata i (4) None of the above = B49) conf gale (3 1 Seal © x, 58 The ratio in which divides AB is Geectgodiec ep! oy 2 » BL SL Ofna Ofte "Fel eth ogi wt Sh embatel Fa-3el a6 iat" "yelrael I-Ie 34 Textbook of Vector & 30 Geometry JEE Type Solved Examples : Matching Type Questions Z {© Ex, 59 Inthe Cartesian plane a man starts atoriginand (©) The postion veer of Even by walla dstance of units ofthe North-East direction and op+ro-oP+ oR «Leis 7) reaches @ point P. From Phe walks aditance of units in the North-West cretion to reach a point Q. Constrct the parallelogram OPQR with PO and PQ as adjacent side. Let 2 M be the ‘A. The position vector of Pis 1B. The position vector of Rie ‘©The postion vetor of M “D. Wiketine Of meets the diagonal P?() In the pot Then OT jae > Sol A B47. gD (A) Let ad jhe the unit ein song OX and OY 45 impls that JEE Type Solved Examples : Single Integer Answer Type Questions © Ex. 60 Pand@ have position vectors andl relative to ® Ex. 64 IfA(l,-1,~3),B(2.1.~2) and C(~5,2.~6) ae the the origin O and X,Y dvidePQ intemaly and externally position vectors ofthe vertices of SABC. The length ofthe ee oe natn c ct ceived gets 3 en lef Sol. (0) Since, X and Y divide PQ sternly and externly inthe Sol, (3) We have, AB=i +2) +k AC=—61 +3) 3k Es sist then x TAR =s6 and JAC] =6 Clay, pin Dat Cin ther AB: AC Lt :3 Penton vector of bw -SU+2) Ah 30 + Jak) 3-1 Jeanette 1 Bx, 62 Let ANC be u tangle whose centro kG, ‘nthocenve is Hand elrcumente ste okn 0°. “ny point ithe plane of the tlanle such that no nee of O.A.C and D ate collinear sal the elation ADHD -¢CHSIG = AID, then what the value ofthe seular'A Sol. Us = eo er bee Daa owe (Ex. 63 Let ab ande be unt vectors such tha 4b =€ 0. 1f the area of langle formed by vetorsm and Dis Athen what isthe wale of oA? Sol. (0) Gitenns be Now, vector el long th nova of the pair wh Inc ajcea se vectoren ath Sas ees wit west, ‘Manfred y veto al inde tngen SE oa Atak on t6atns Then, Aen Wa Subjective Type Questions _ © Ex. 66 A particle in eulirium is subjected to four Ta 41-2).38) nadie =10h, aml and Fy =wicos0i +sin0 Find the values of uv and win tems of Sol Sine the pre in equa. Rake B oh 2 Cat) + wien inh) =0 ay + (Zur do-nine Chap 01 Vector Algebra 36 (© Ex. 64 Find the eas posite Integral vale of x for Which the angle between vetorsa xl ~3) Ke and be aud yx) ke isacute, ol (2) Let =a -3)-Kand bl 3} be the adjacent se of the png > pals (x 39) 26 feat r+ 9 LT ow Be-nx-no0> welors>t ence thee! postive integral vl 2 © Ex. 85 ifthe points a(coscr + isiny), icosB +i sin) and cosy + siny) are collinear, then the value of|2| is. (where z =besin(B =) + casin(y ~0.)+ ab sin(a. +B) +31) bcos bxinB 1 jecory cxiny 10] © beuok =P) + asia = 9) + absin@—c) = 0 2 i so.) ® ® @ From Eq (ih. we get ut vn 3 From Eq, (i, we get 7 sl oe vten - 2 (29) wand ao ‘Om ubstting the ae of win Eas. (an. we get 36 Textbook of Vector & 8D Geometry Onsolving we get vr So escote and w= 40 costed 1 Bx 67 Find all values of “A such that, y,#(0,0,0) and (i + +3he) x+(3i-3) +h) y +(—4i +5])2 = Aad +yj +28), where} andi are unit vectors along the coordinate axes. Sol. Here, + raids Ot fy + (al espe = it ky On comparing the coer ff} sty deer tyrty demo 0 ) a ar en ae & Gr2#Q00)28=9) 0-290 + A)-9) 34-15) —a114 90+ 9 <0 OR 42-5) —3F-4—15}—4Bh 440) =0 = Wererao = ho? +2k+9=0 = da +n=o Reo or kent © Ex. 68 1G the centroid ofthe AABC and if" ithe centroid of another AA’ BC, then prove that AA+ BB +CC'=36C". Sob. Hr, Giscenoid of ABC nd Gi ceo of ABC shown as tis Ax'=AG+ 60's Ga’ by =nG+G0'sow ce cos corse ley, (polygon ew) AA's BB + CC! #366" + (AG-+ 8G + cc) HOa'sGRs6¢) #366 +(AG +206) +1 4" +26°07) (sing AD and AD ae the means of AABC and ‘AA B'C. reese) 100 +(AG+.GA)+ CA" + AG =360'+0+0 AN’ +DE'+ CC =360" ‘liter We know by tangle lw AA"=OA'~ OA BR = O8'- 08 cc’ =0c'- 0c = ARs BB+ CC" =(0K'+ OB + 0c) ~(0n + 08+ 0c) =306'-306=366" © Ex. 69 1/0, € and F are the mid-point ofthe sides BC,CA and AB, respectively of a SABC andO is any point show that Boe (a) AD +26 + ler 3) (i Ab +86 + er tac Sol, Consider the point O a iin, we have A 2 om oot) ADS BEF CE ==(4-a) +(e-b) 4-0) alaterh > ADs BE+ce=0 (i) Here, 08 + OF + OD. teat Re ciged Up Here. ADs Eng + Ler a(a-ay+ Ze) + eo) (unter, AD Zab + Ler afd a+ Zee WoL Sweet al © Ex. 70 If A and be wo vectors andk be ony scalar quantity greter than zero, then prove that trent scvtyar(ve tar Sol, Weanow.t14 bial +(14}my IAN atom fn? © ination) zai 00 soo enyar +(1!)a sia? sn +41 Gest eat) suareiny? Anda fA+1B 24+ ewe + are(i 2) slat {using as. (0 an a) © Ex. 71 1/0 isthe crcurncentreandO' the orthocenter of ABC prove that 386, where Sis any point inthe plane (@) 0a+08+0¢ =00" (is) 0"A40"B+0'C =20°0 (i) AO's0"8 40°C = AP whore, AP is dhameter ofthe crcumcice. Sol: Let Gbe the centro of ABC, fst we shall show that ‘Sreumente ©, orhocetetO” an ced Gare collinear ing =200 especie Let AD be thee een fom om de BCI isthe cera of numer sf AADC: then C8 OC Im BOB, we have OD = ReowA o Ih AABN, AM» ANCONA = econ w Team AAC MAT» ANtit0"=C) © E72 Ve (eanda have the same direction and |e|> la} Gi) candle have opposite direction and\e|>|| Sol. We ave, Cchap 01 Vector Algebra 37 second conte apc An 2Reo Ag #00) Now, AAGKT an A000 are si. 96,22, 00.1 3-82-45! using.) = 206206 (Wehave, SA + SB4 SC=SA 4188+ SC) =SA¢28D—(s Disthemipoint of 86) 204286 =356 (On replacing Shy in Eg (D.we get (0A + 0B + OC =306 206 + 06 = G0’ + 06 (06 + GO = 00 (OAs ODF OC=06 (om 6) 206+ 06 20'G +260 (206 200 ()A0+ 0B C=240 + (A+ B+ OC) #200 +200 (From (i) =2A0 + 0'0)=220= AP (AO the ccumradis of SABC) a+ 4b and 2c a ~3b, show that, casa dhandze=a—ah = masa ‘which shows tht eanda have the same destin, anten 38 Textbook of Vector & 30 Geometry "i heath hese dt sve | 2af- 21 et © Ex. 73 A transversal cuts the sides 01,0M and diagonal (OL, OM ON Prove tat Oe + Ot = ON Sol We have, ON =OL+IN =OL+ om @ La 0L=s04.0M =y00, ‘i and ON =200 %, 206 «504.4308 > *0A+ yon-z00- “Points A, Band Cae colle, the sum ofthe coeiientsof ‘heir PV must betes 7 | oN ow © Ex. 74 If0,£ and be three points onthe sides BC, CA and AB, respectively of a AABC. such thatthe points D.E and Fare coliner then prove that 8D. SE. AE are colinear then prove that 3 SEA (Menclau’s theorem) Sol Here, DE and F be the pits on he ses BC.CA sod AB respectively of AARC: Such that points. Band Pare Colne, be Shawna the ajtnng sce. 1 Bas the orga, BA ~aand ‘Then, BP = kasnd BD =e where, and are sear i te = “ Now Mt Evie hein ACI thea af 22D, sowie ne = 22428 9" ETE ty wry ty BR a Sine, D, Band Fare ena Sum of cefients mart be 20 Paar al sos using B45 6 9 a) © Ex. 75 Let AC) = (i+ AN ond Bet) = gi + £n(0] C6[0,1) where f, foes and gs are continuous functions. Then show that A(t) and Bt) are peralle for some. ‘801.14 nd WC) are non aeo vector forall and Alo)=21 +3} at) 22} sed Ba) mal rap AOE In ode wo prove that Af) nd) ae parel veces fo some er a alent ow tt A) =A = ffl + HON= Mai + eto ° ‘O=Agt end fA =A a 038) = Aitsty=finge=0 ernie (a) te 10) Kea 00s 61 Sines, ff gs and ate continuous neon. “Fl ial a continous fanction Abo, fl0)= f0)g40)~ g(0)f40) bean) #0)= FONE, ~ Af) oo roxen2uzemse Ths Fl) continuous nti on 01 ah a Rowen Bylntemeate ve eae tes ome (1) see AAO ~ f4gH~0 Py AU) = AM for some, ence. At) and) a pal von. © EX. 76 Prove that cosa 1,cos[}#\andcosy #1, then the vectorsa = jose +] +iab =i + jos +, =F +] +heosy can never be coplanar, ‘Sol. Suppose hat, band ate cpl 2 re “8 (On applying RyRy ~ and Ry Ry R, = cana cospi-1 0 |uo f-cora 0 con cose eos = 1) (e087 =) =(1~ewsaicosy =) Tees} Tora} Teena Feary” m a 8 which snot posible A cour? 2, cont 2 2 and come’ Ta + They cannot be coplans. © Ex. 77 ifthe vectors xi +] +ic i+ yj +heandi +) + ake ‘are coplanar wherex #1, y #1 and then prove that Gis }+ Rend ode on odo Cchap 01 Vector Algebra 39 ster ‘eer te ei ant at br heeft yi te (sing 9 = yar > =) Sun (expanding along 83) © Ex. 78 Ifa.b ande be any three non-coplanar vectors, then prove that the points a + mb + ne, lsat mb +n36 {hatmb + me anda + mab +c are coplanar, if hom om t om: om af, bom my emmy ‘Sol. We know that, fur points having position vectors athe and re coplanar, if hee exes clas. 4 at uch that mt ybtsetMed where rey eet othe given points willbe coplana, her exist clare Spot nde seh tat Mla mb + ng) + y(la + mb+ n)* lat mb +m) Hla + mb + m0) =0 whereaty te4 reo 40 Textbook of Vector & 30 Geometry SUE Ty te a om my ie me oe ng tet agent where wtytestne ba art het reo o meting tmnt D @ neta tng tmt=0 i) ad xtytetiae as) limiting yan ftom shoe equatons we get hhh W yom mm hota (© Ex. 79 sfeyrz andy are the position vetors of three collinear point and scalars| and m éx'ss such that peli tm, then show that +m=1. ‘Sok tet A B and be the hres point whore poston veers ‘eed tO ae te and fy epee AB-OB-OA=n.-5 RC =0C-0B =~» Now HA Band Care colina pois then AB and AC are fn the same ine ana BC =) (AC) = re=5) + ears here, © Ex. 80 Show that points with positon vectors = %b +3c,-20 +36 ~cand 4a ~76-+ Te are collinear. Is given that vetorsa,b ande and non-coplanar ‘Sol. The thre pos ae caller, if we can fy hy ad 2 sch tat Dy(a-2 43e)+ Ay (2043-914, (a7 +7e)= oth dy +4, Srpenenemnttetemntmenn Onsale get Sottat, shyt dee Hence. he given vector acl Bayes Vector Algebra Exercise 1: Single Option Correct Type Questions ls} wateg wird 2. What should be added in vector. its resultant a unit vector 1? ()-21-Geak Oat jak (ode d-ak (None ofthese 3 tfanti+j ale and =f 43) ~ af thn the magitde ofa+ bis equl to os i+ jaro get os Aottanti+5) and b= atbwilbe ie} : wid wiss (+3) old 5 The unit vector parallel tothe resultant vector of a+ 4j-sheandi+2}+3kis (oot eg 6 fani+zj+sib=—i+2}+Rande=si+), then the unit vector along its resultant is ain sesh dk tostesieak witedt ouzalest ee 7. ifm =(@s)and 6 =(1.4) then the vector parallel to (a+bis wa) oon as ous, 8. Inthe AABC, AB=a, AC cand BC™b, then @asveced Way boeo arbres @raebe 8.1706 the origin and the position vector of Ais +5, then a ni vector parle oA is ton vectors ofthe points A, Band are f42} Rit j+feandal +3} +2 respectively. IA is chosen as the origin then the postion vectors of Band Care Wal v2 is jes Josie 41, The position vectors of Pand Q resi +4}+ ale and @jereis}rsk (Jaki josh 14-2} respectively Ifthe distance between them 127, then the value ofa will be fst ost fons @uo 12. tf postion vector of points A, Band Care respectively i and cand AB= CX, then poston vector of point X is @-teJek injek irik Gitte 413. The position vectors of Aand Bare Zi 5} fe and 4-3} + sicrespecively, then the magnitude of AB is on wr os ‘on 14.11 the poston vectors of Pand Qa (+3 (Gi~2}+4i then|POis ie) and (ovis 9 a6 (oir ovie 16. the postion vectors of Pand Qarei+2}—7heand si.-3}+aferespectively the cosin ofthe angle between PQand Z-axis og ogy om og 16. ithe postion vector of A and Bare i+3}~ Tie and Si-2}+ 4k then the direction cosine of AB long Y-axis is og Ong wos an 42. Textbook of Vector & 3 Geometry 17, The direction cosines of vector a =31 + 4} +Sfein the eaion pane ie oy Ot oF ot 18. The direction cosines of the vector 3i ~ 4) +5i are o: Oeste O58 OSwe 19, The point having postion vectors +3}+ sf, 3i+4}+2icand di +2} +siare the vertices of (0) ight angled tangle (isosceles tingle (equilateral tile @eolinear 20, 1 the position vectors of the verties A, and C of & ‘SABC are 7} + 10k, ~1+6)+ 6k and —41-+9} +6 ‘respectively. The triangle Is (equilateral (O)bvseetes (9 sealene (@) sight angled and noses aloo ‘21. Ifa, and eae the position vectors ofthe vertices A,B and C of the AABC, then the centroid of SABC is 3(a+4e4) foarte @ithe 22 inthe given ipue,OA 3,08 Band APS FB mn then OP iret ann @ 23, Ir aand bare position vector of tw points A, Band C bres AB in rtio2 hen poston vcr of “The poston vector ofthe points which divides {nterally inthe ratio 2 the jln ofthe points2— 3b anda ~2, 6 o (@ None these 25,160 origin and Cs the mid-point of A ~1) and (4.3) Ther, value of OCs wir) rj ty 13 26. the postin vectors of he pnts A and Bare {43} Keandal ~ je then what will be the positon ectorofthe mid-pola of AB isg-£ (als }-2k otk (ois }-2k 27. The postion vector of A and Bare j~ j+2feand si} +38 The position vectra the mide point of the ine ABis wpi-prk otek oat-jo 38 (None ofthese 28, the vector bis collinear with the vector a= (2,-1.4) sod b|=10,then (ase @azzo=0 Gaze—o (@) None ofthese 29. 1Fa=(-t)and b= (-2.m) are to cllinear vectors, then mis equal to ws as er @o 30. The points with poston vectors 10 +3}. 121-5 and i 19} are collinear, tas equal to ans we oe on 1H. The vectors +29 +f Mea} +7h collinear, fie equal to ws ws ~2)-sfeare ws (os 92, Ifthe pointsa+ba~banda +i be collinear, then kis equate we (2) Any tel namie ifthe poston vectors of A, AC and Dare ahs Lia} +2) andi Aj respectively a assist ly and AB|ICD, -# oe w+ we 134, Uthe vectors i +2) —feand ol 4+ ye are parle then the vale of x and y willbe te ou? ar ue (z=0y-0 {i None ofthe above 238, Four non-ero vector will always be (eines dependent, 1) linaly edependent (either or) (@ None ofthe above 37. The vectors a, D and +b are 0 coplame {G) Nose of hece ‘slew Mal +0 then the value of (20 wa o- amt 438, The numberof intl ves ofp for which (9 +ni-3}+ pip +(p-+0j sien wai (p +e are ncrly dependent vectors is w: (os Si sfeand AC=S1—2)+ sare the ©; (ova (41. tnthe figure, a vectors x satisfies the equation x—W= ¥ ‘Tea, xis equal ae arbre @arzre (@arbeze atore 42. Vectorsa =i+2) +38 b=21— jt Kand e=3i + j+ 4k ares placed that the endpoint of one vector s the ‘faring point of the next vector. Then te vectors are (@)noteoplanar (0) coplanar but cannot orm rian (chcoplanar nd form trance (@)coplna and cn form igh angled angle chap 1 Vector Algebra 43 48. 110P =8anLOP wakes angles 43° aa 40” with OX ae land OY-ans respectively, then OF sequal to errs Ps CSE) Oka eh lest) eh HE Letaband ede tree nits yetors sch that ‘4 th+ S020 Then which ofthe following statements ‘tre? (ais parte to® Oye perenicaar to {Ghaisnier orale nor perpnsela 10 (a Neve othe above 45. A, RC Dan Ee five coplanar pont DAs DB+ DC+ AE+ BEFCEis equal to (oe (aE, (208. (oaeo 48, 1rthe vectors and bare linet ndopendent satisfying (Atanbe ta +(sec0=2) b=0 then the most general value of @are @yan—E mez wim nez eomeEnez orm slEnez 47, The wnt vector bisecting OY and OZ 6 oiet wht wish oxige & rat (Aline psetrogh he pats whov pon von tebe} kandi=9} + The posion vector of pont on tar ntact th ist pas totete}-rb @ales}-sin (od-Geai) @le-gest 49,160, Freth idl poists f eie BC, te Behe AB hen ADs BEC Gateavecr heat weer 63 Grane ste 50. 1.Pand Que he i ons he ides BC CD ofthe prtelgran ABCD. hen AP AQ inialt0 tose ortac oviae wae S54. The figure formed by the four pointed + je 21 +39 ~2ieand jis (rectangle (0) partelograme (@tapeiam (None of here 44 Textbook of Vector & 3D Geometry {52 Aand Bare two points. The postion vector of A is 60-20 A point P divides the line ABin the ratio 1:2. 1F ‘= bis the position vector of F, then the poston vector of Bis given by (7-156 (7 vist (e)1S4~78 (@isae7 453, If three points 4, Band Care collinear, whose position vectors are i—2)—ahe si —aicand ul +3) +7 ‘respectively, then the ratio in which Bdivides ACis wea fre ‘54, fin a triangle, AB=3,AC= band D,Eare the ‘mid-point of ABand AC respectively then DEis equal to @e ez wt 55, ABCD is parallelogram, AB=2i + 4j~ sie and AD» i++2) +3 then the unit vectors in the direction of Bois toggtedi-sin — orZeeat-sin ott @2ct-aeab 56, 17, Band Cae the vertices ofa triangle whose position vectors area, band eand Gis the centoid ofthe ABC, then GA + OB+ GCis te waraee ones | gilt (57. If ABCDEF is regular hexagon, then AD + EB + FCis seule 3 wae aaa (94a 58, ABCDE i pentagon. Forces AB, AE, DCand EDact at ‘point. Which force shouldbe added to this system to rake the resultant 2AC? (ac (aD ac ao 459, ILABCDEF isa regular hexagon and ‘AB+ AC+AD+AE+AP=AAD, then is equal to we ws we we 60. Let us define the length ofa vector al + + ck as Ja|+1b|-+[¢} This definition coincides with the usual Uefniion of length af vector ai + f+ ceifand only if (arb=en0 Qhany two ofabandcare sero (any one ofabandee ero @arbrene 64, faand b are two non-2ero and non-colinear vectors, then a+b anda~ bare (a) neny dependent vectors (0) linen independent vectors (linearly dependent and independent vectors (None ofthe above 62, If+b[<|a—b| then the angle betweena and b ean lie inthe interval aera x72) mom (eine. 39/2) azn) 62. Temper of uty prendre 4b teat and 1 rexel Then he map otis ean oie ons 9 {Brent 64, 1-3} +k isects the angle betweena and -i+2}+2k, whee saan vet then ee eat) tai +8} + an) Rit +5008) (att -85)} — 08) unt ec Then thet vectr(as i otis ones 66, Given tree vectors ~6jand = ~2i4+21} such thata=a+b-+e Then, the resolution ofthe vector into components with respect toa and isgivenby (um aban (om ana 67.'T'is the ncentre of ABC whose corresponding sides area fe respectively. 1A + PIB +c IC is always equal (oo (Wiler b+ pe (asbeoac (erst oan 68. txand yar two nonlinear vectors and ABC lage wits nga esting 200-5 ‘sh=1Roy (Ine ftaacy) =a then ABC (sn aca ale an snag ge ()adghtanged angle ()aseaenc nee 72. Wa} 7} +e 2i +3} + Ahead 1 1m, Ixand y are two non-colinear vectoreanda, bane fepesen he sles of AIC malay, (a~byx+ (b= ey #(eu)(exy) sa then BANC (oiece cy Is perpen to the plane of 0nd y) ee tage sae ple (e)asiht wagle range (a) aneniene tang otto frees of rete Pan equal mani perpendcirto then theater force i ore or won {U) Nove hese 1.1 ina vector whoa nti point dives the Join of ratio k snd 5} ad whose terminal point nthe gin and Bb | V7, then Ke inthe interval (-«-1/6 (las) ilo ~Hhu 46 I {None of hee 1) +rlare the postion vectors ofthe vertices, and C respectively SAARC. The poston vector of the point where the Dscetor of 2A meets BCs Cotes isdemiy Zeta) coca -neh rah i toeat 1-18 Ifa and b are two unit vectors and isthe angle ‘between them, then the unit vector long the angular bisector ofa and b wil be given by oe ; Fee 07) ros(0/3) (None ofthese A.f\C and D have postion vectorsa,byeand d respectively, such that ~b= ade) Then, (AB and CD bse exch ether (6) BDand AC Dict cach thet (6) AB and CD eet enh ther {€)BDand AC eset ech other (On the ay plane where Os the ong, given points ‘A,0). 0 1and CU. 1} Let P,Qand Re moving point ‘on the line OA,OF,0€ respetively such that (OP = 454.04) 09 =40(00),0R =( ate tcp iaoclarwon ox o% os noe Cchap 01 Vector Algebra 48. 76,1641 and are three nonveoplanar vetors such that fa be emadand bye Fd fin.then a+ br er dis ‘qual to io or (ope neem 71.Te postion vectors ofthe pons and Q with respect +3) ~ 2h and si = j- 2k, at Neha a Gueied“h tale doky 1 A060 want si pf nee of tothe origin Oarea inany pont and OA-+OB-+0C+OD= 206, then xis ‘equal to ws op 7 woe fe SOAM Mis the mid-point of AR, Cie point on «4 20C= CM. X is pint on the side O8 XI The ine XCis produced to meet PY i equal to YA w} w e OAin¥. Then, 00, Points X and¥ ate ken on the sides ORand RS, respectively ofa parallelogram PORS,s0 that QX=4XR tnd RY = Sth ne RY este in at ‘hen Pa o2trn cog om (io tse 41, Find the value of so thatthe points P,Q Rand Son the shles OA, OR OC and AB respectively, of «regula tetrahedron OABC are coplanar. Iti given that OP 1001 Ont (or=o (fore value of 82. OABCDE!s regulat hexagon of sde 2 uit in the X¥-plane. Obeing the origin and OA taken along the Xeaxs A point Ps taken on aline pale to Z-axis through the entre of the hexagon ata distance of ‘units from 0. Then, the vector AP is (nitsie Gk i-wihosk iG i Is Bie vei 46 Textbook of Vector & 30 Geometry & Vector Algebra Exercise 2: More than | One Option Correct Type Questions 83, tf the vectors i— jj + feanda form a wiangle then may be rink wi-d-k (oaejok wirk 2 he estan of tre forces Sesh ker, sol hande, 2s ejak tetng ona parle has mogul cq 5 is ae teiee tte rare ioe ws en Oe £5: Let ABC bea wang, the ps veriees ae} thet #8) on vector of whose and ~ 41+ 9+ 6 Then, ABCs (ay isoseces quieter (@ sieht anged (None there 86, The sides ofa parallelogram are i+ 4}—sieand £42} +34 The unit vector parallel to one ofthe diagonals is +3+th 87, WA(-4.0 3)and B(S,2 -5) then which one of the following points Ue onthe bisector of the angle betwors (OA and OB (Oi the origin of reference? wee @)2345) rao 28. ifpoint i+}. wp-t wren 89, a, band eate non-coplanar vectors and }is2 real rune, then the vectors a +23 tb -weand(2h.—te sre coplanar whea ouer wat (oro (@eoreeti Vector Algebra Exercise 3: Statement | and Il Type : Questions ns (Q Nos, 90-92) This section is based on ement I. Select the correct answer # Dire Statement| and Sta from the codes given below. (a) Both Statement an iste are correct and ‘Statements the correct explanation of State (ty Both statement and Ststemert I are correct bt ‘fatent ol the correct explanation of ttersent 1 (e)Stement Is correc but Statements inorect. Iatement ie inert 92 Statement I IFthree points P,Qand Rhave position vectorsa band erespetvely, and2a +8h—Se=0 then : the pols P, Qand must be colinear a Statement II for three points A. Band C. AB. then points A, Band C must be colineas (@) Statement is core 90, Statement I In ABC, AB+BC+CA=0 iment I 1/8 =2.0B=b then AB: hac Vector Algebra Exercise 4: Passage based Type Questions Passage I (Q.Nos. 93 and 94) 1 Let OABCD be a pentagon in which the sides OA and CB ae parallel andthe sides OD and AB are parallel, Ago, OA:CB=2:1 and OD:AB=1:3 c 6 » a ls 98. Tue ratio % is xe fae ow (925 ow ax 4 Teratio Xie (ose we (or a Passage II (Q.Noe. $5 and 96) + Consider the regular hexagon ABCDEF with centre at O (origin). 85, AD +EB+ECis equalto (208 (sas 96. Five forces AB, AG, AD, AE, AF act atthe vertex A of regular hexagon ABCDEF. Then thei esltat is (@3AB (None these (@)3a0 ()240 (o4ao (sao Passage Ill (Q.Nes.97 1095) "Three points A,B and C have position vectors “Sab +5e,a-+2b-+ e and 7a~e with reference to an ‘origin O. Answer the following questions. 97, Which ofthe fllowing i true? (Ac =2AB (W)AC=-3an, (AC =3AB (@) None of these 98. Which ofthe following is true? (9200-308 + 0c = ()20a +708-+500. (0A+0B+0C #0 (None ofthe above Cchep 01 Vector Algebra AT 99, Bdivided ACin ratio core) ors ors wu Passage IV (Q.Nos. 100 and 103) 1 IFtwo vectors OA and OB are ther, then theie resultant ‘OA + OB can be found by completing the parallelogram By then the 00 A vecer deed lng ital ttn of faienicnow acl Sajeakandbe a winters oa wk wii-ins sists +shezk 036i +si+2k) 101. intern and external Wecors of Af ABC meet thetawe Ae at Dand respectively hen (Dand Ee 02 sane sie of ac SDB RC" Bo" BE Passage V (Q.Nos. 102 and 103) (01 +y(0]+ 20K be a differentiable POX Dity (O]+2 0k We H() . is tangent to the curve C at the point PLx(t)y(t2(0] and r7() points in the direction of increasing t 102. The point Pon the curve n()=(0=20 +47} +3e "RK at which the tangent vector (8) parallel to the aise vectorr (tis enna) 0-12) cocun=2) coven 103. The tangent vector tor ()=211 +11) ree +28 1(205)ie (oaks joi oat} +k 48 Textbook of Vector & 20 Geometry f] Vector Algebra Exercise 5: Matching 1 Type Question 4104, 2 and b form the consecutive sides ofa regular hexagon ABCDEF. © ABeat hen 4 AD=—sh then rr) Vector Algebra Exercise 6 : Single Integer Answer Type Questions 105 1 hereunto toe forces, = p+ Fy = Sis jak and, =~ Ractng on pate bas magnitude equal to Suit. Then, what i dfernce in the values of 106. Vector slong the acer ses of parallelogram are nitaj+ hand bi + 4j rh: ind the length ofthe longer diagonal ofthe paaitogram. 107, if vectors a =i +2)-K,b=2i-j+kande=Ai+j+ake are coplanar, then find the vale of 4) 108 12+ is long the angle bisector of and, where Ja} 2[ then the numberof digit fn valu of Vector Algebra Exercise 7 : Subjective Type Questions 192. vector aes componente ana inaight handed rectangular cartesian system OXYZ, The coordinate system is rotated about Z-axis through angle = Find components ofa inthe new system, 2 193, Find the magnitude and direction ofr, ~ry when | =5 and points North-East while r= but points North-West. 109, Let be the postion vector oforthocentre and gis the position vector of the centroid of ABC, where sircamcentre is the origin. If p= bg then the vale of kis 110. ina ABC, «line is dawn passing through centroid dividing ABinterally in ratio 2:1 and AC in het (enteral), The value of is 111, Avectorahas component 2p and 1 with respect toa rectangular cartesian system. The system i rotted through a certain angle about the origin in the counter clockovise sense. fwith othe new system, alas ‘components (p +1) and 1, where ptake the values p, and ‘Pa Then the value ofp, +Palis 114, Let OACBbe a parallelogram with Oat the crgin and OC diagonal Let Dbe the mid-point of OA Using vector methods prove that BD and CO intersects in the same ratio. Determine this ati, 195, ABC isa triangle with the point Pon side BC such that SBP = 2G the point Qis onthe line CA such that 4CO=QA Find the ration which the line joining the ‘common point Rof AP ad BQ and the point divides Aa 196, Ina ABC internal angle bssetors Al, Band Clare produced to meet opposite sides in A”, and C’ Fespectivel. Prove thatthe maximum value of Moi-c 8 Far aB ce 117, Let tas tynonfy be the position vectors of points 2, Pe, Pyne By teatve toa origin O, Show that ithe vectors equation a, + 4,f, 4. +ayty =Oholds, then a timilar equation wil alee hold good wit respect to any gin Oia, +e, +45 nu ta Vector Algebra Exercise 8: Questions Asked in Previous Years Exam Chap 01 Vector Algebra 49 118, Let OABCD be a pentagon in which the sides OA and CB tre parallel andthe sides OD and AB ace parallel 25 ‘shown in figute. Als, OA: CB=2: and OD: AD Ifthe diagonals OC and AD meet at x, find OX :OC. Iu vand wis linearly independent system of vectors, ‘examine the system p.qand , where (cosa + (cos )v + (C08 cw (cing + (sinby (sinew n(x + a) six + By +sin(x + )w For linearly Aependent. % 118 120, the vectors Al + tare the sides ofa AABC, then the length ofthe median through Ais [DBE Main 2013, 005) oe we oe ow $24. Leta, bandebe three non-2ero vectors which ane painvise non-collinea. Ifa + 3bis collinear with and inear witha, thena +3b + eis (AIEEE 2011] on oo 422. The non-zero vectors a, band e are related by e= 7h Then, the angle between aand cls [aiEee 2008) band oe wt ws wt 428, If isthe mid-point of ABand Pis any point outside AB, then [AIEEE 2005} WPA+PB+PC=0 ()PA+PD+2PC~0 (PA+PR=PC (PAs PB=IPC 924. fa, bande are three non-zero vectors such that no two ofthese are collinear. Ite vectora +2 iseollinear ‘with eand b+cis collinear witha (being some honeero scala) then +2b + Geis equal to oma was ore @o AIEEE 2004) 125, ifa,b, care non-coplanar vectors and his areal number, then the vectoraa-+2b +3e,b-+4eand(2A-~I}e are ‘non-coplanar for [AIEEE 2004] (a al valesof (Wall except one vale of {e)allenceptewo value of (anova $B, Cand with postion vectors sje 16) 08 1-3} +-4ieandsi—j si, respectively. Then, ABCDis a AIEEE 203), (@) rhombur (e)recangle (a) None of thse ja at 1a? 127. 1b BY 1+0"| =oand vectors(1,q.a2).(L4 6*)and ise (.6.e*)are non-coplanar then the product abe equal to IATEee 2003) (oz w- 1 (@o 128. The vector i+. +3ics rotated through an angleOand ubed in maggie, then it becomes (4x ~2})+ dhe The value of x are ost wd offs} woe 50 Textbook of Vector & 30 Geometry Answers Exercise for Session 1 Exercise for Session 3. - (sewer Gastar —Gipwecir Gear (Chapter Exercises 1 20 40) 4@ 50) 6 16) £0 56 MH MO DO 2 KH) 160) BO TE) Hw 0 RH 2.0) BO) BO UA XO 7.0) 280 2.6 MO B Madihaes: Gosindey cone Gomes RO MO Me BO HO come (rie 2.0) OO) 4.0) 2.0) Gin ae (i) ae 50 HO He BO ee Se 2a Bm se 7 : 78 ©) 90) 0) ‘vein ios ae, 1,2and Dt cnies ae fe, 2, 60 4G Be KO ti 66 Me 20 RE ercise for Session 2 30) OT mE . siy4 10) HG) HMIahO RKO) dealt al sa #7959) M.(6.h8) #9 (9b) 990) M0 60) SO 8H 1) HO) ILI) 102.) Weasaribne ae! 6.0 m0) 3 1.0) m0@) m2 aa 1a oir ai) 13.545, Wet to Es peeriae we ined Maas 73.42} MO MG MO MM MO ns© wo-tiediede Goats si 26) 7.0) EG ois fe © 7.0) Ee) wedieajeri Solutions abs enoF 2s Ea-eenje-se2 4-4 2. Let Deal Reade then a+ b= - bet-antaotea} Bias bets “FF Aasveded ‘Teefore, unit vector EAD ith a & Resstant vector t+ 4)=si+-+2) +359 ae Jot +02 6 weaate soak +3) Tas peak sslexl sap tenets (3) @ ansnceca-0 = eben 9. varetor pa = Re b= ates 10. on =1+3}-kopeirjrk sd OCeai rs} oak Pcon actor of Bw rt origin at Aat "AB=08-OA=-}+2h oon vector of Cw origin at Ais (AC =0C-0A w+ jth thera ere = ayeeta oa=-81 $2 apacx = }~1 = position vector of pint X—i Poston vector of point Xai + j+ 13. apa 2h +(-3 +9) +84 08 salve ik tap) = Vigra 14 pq=g—nh+e2-ap eee =a-gjen ire.= Viera = chap 01 Vector Algebra 51 15, pq=09-0P= 41-5) r11k TO. ei Bah+ tak Troi” aed Taos?” Tier a whe Yt PQ wih 16 avesiesjontk Hee pestle ae ae ae 18 vers 4) +i Webknow that, ection cosines of 2 mi 5 Frees Peas peer 3 atk 19.ttee, Asal ta} ak Jak Be=1-2}+ ca ~ ‘Cleats |AB|=1BC)=|CAl = 6 So, thet points te vertices fan equilateral rangle 20, Given potton vectors of 4.BandCare7}+ 10% ej sand ~41 +9) + he rexpecvely. Lacl=[-4i+2)— Clely, 4B = BC and (acy? (AB) +18) ece, angle ie ight angled oneles 24, Posin vectors ofthe pots which divides internally “ = Oa = ‘si! = 100 = dew @ From Bas. (and we have = £24 <9 20+ Deo 52 Textbook of Vector & 30 Geometry 29, Conttion or callinaity, BR 4 = Cat ny A Comparison ofoeiient. we get = Dantand-h=m sa, ma? 30, IF given points be A Band the A as) Haim) = net ak) os i aes 32 (ab) (ab) a+) = b=) Hence. ke ® 38, ap=—i-ghep=—2i+(A-2) ‘Anyeo So aye = hee H, obviouty,2= 2 ena y - a standy=—2 55, ta and pare enone in vectra andy SRS SONGAVE USE clothe ter ance (Slincar ich contraction 136, Fourormoce han four non-e0 vetos art ays ney Speen ABT. These ae coplanar case a) +100) = 8+ 48, Comparing the coefficient off Jand adhe cxrespoding sepa dy ted or (Im2}e3y—4e=0 0 par wears arty-ae=o wi) “Those Ege) and i havea nowt slat, if mays 1-049 5 Per 139, The vectors ae lineatly dependent wo 1 ° as ons pes a-p|n0 lo prs ce MomHKp 4D IIIAD = eetipterpssi=0 Roots p+ 7p+13=Oare magic) ss pet ying atP sesh (0-25 +G44 pvetap 210-23 44+ Ok 0. 2 miesk a0) 3 eet = a “a renee Weta, Tove w=as2bee 42. woes a (8, Here tony econ ABE +} whose length Has aoese=0 Hence band are coplanar. No otter cenehion ca be derived rom 45. A.C, Dand Bare ive coplanar points. DA+DB+AE+ BE+CE (DA + AE) + (DB+ BE) + (DC CE) = DE+ DE+ DE~30E (te ge a veg tee a Weta, a+ }~2it and ad ~35 + chap 01 Vector Algebra 53 Online AM points and area datance 1 wl fom ‘A(00-20) (OC OA + AC, where AC uit vector ition of AD 4 Set o ; * > b) =O + 12h 4a 7 = B-280 7 ao kde hc Indo 9C=9~ Hoe DEH 55, Sine, AB BD» AD 50. AP =AB+BP=AB+ BC» A+ LAD i) are BD =AD-AB no=ansng=apetve=aDs!an to 13) 3h)-al +)-sio pee 3} oak Hence, unt vector inthe erection of BD Is m2)ake | 1-2) + she i aa 56, Poston vector of veriees A, Band Cotte ABC a Weg tn. pnton vectra ented he are ‘By Eqs. (and in, we get Guttene Ps AQ=2UAn+ AD) enon Gas cde : (ents o(otetes an + BC) 3 51, tet An 0,4.-1),D@@3.0),C8085.-2) and D=.-1.0) = fea boceanoaneraen So, AB=(21}BC=(12,-2,0D =(-%~63) B kmoalanen il snd DA =(02.-2), elena tee {lery, BCIIDA bt AB not parallel 1 2. Satis tapexiom. $2, op w LOB) 260-29) 12 54 Textbook of Vector & 3D Geometry Weknow from the hexagon that AD pall to BC or ADSZC spaniel io Aor BB =2F And FCs paral 0 ‘Thus, AD + EB+ FC=2RC 62FA 248 AFA AB BO) =21C) =22Am) 58 AEF EDs DCs AB D+ DC+AB=AC+ AB ‘Obviously, FR i adda this ster, then twill AC ABYBC=AC+AC=2AC 59, By wing law, AD = AD ~ BD,AC. 5p rE c “Therefore, ‘AD AC+ AD + AE+ AP. ‘SAD +(AE~ BD) + (APCD) =3AD Hence, b= (CAE=BD.AP= 2fab|62[de} + 2fal= 0 2 ab =be sca=0 coany twoofaband ae zero 61, Since, aand bare noncallina, soa b anda bbe nooner wile Hence, a4 band a~ bare leary independent vectors 62. |a + lela) = Eeock 63, Revo = 15 afc 3. 64, wernt nae hs) rshvma «ABH sa=snd -3} + 58) ek +2}-D “Therefore Ho +1)—je 19) Rash -2) ec sale Joke ++ 90) HOR —BF or aca +a) #(ersnyt sasha or 3192-18 20-9202, 2} ano acceptable) ios 65. ne conta + snt207} 48 4,8 Therefore ¢ bai H+ 66. aaarbee=siria} emt yboortay=6 reaye-3 2 aam-3b (67, Lette centre be at he eign and be ‘Ap, q) 22d) Then, ihe qandic=r swhete p= BC,q= ACand = AB Ince Ince at the gin. Therefore aptbarer eg abe « ‘bq ter=0 = GIA + bIB+cIcwo G68, Sine x,y andx xy ate ines independent, weave 200 -18b=15b~12e=12¢-208=0 nas Hence, ABC eight angled. 68, Aex,y andx xy ae non-colinear vectors, ecto te linea independet ‘Therefore, the anges equilateral. 70. [aB)=|Q\=VPF+ PF = PE 1. The point the divides and in th ratio of kaye: petits ee Ato jos 7 = Ze = eae or SMTR < ik) Setnaininh eas menrame sae or wosmeszumatotioee een-nof-ba] 72 haf ZAme se ie i the ti AB AC «Position vector of D fod [Ae}=|-2t~2}~ftos -:oston veto oD 5} ¢rhy+al 3} + ay os tal + 99) + sah 1a) hy Hence it vector long the Beton AE 4. ence ACand AD rect each the as LHS she postion ‘ect of pein tzctng A aC, andRHS that of B and. 75, ngunt given thatthe pont P,Qand Rare collinear, = PQ=20R S ssqa}-si) =a 90+ j)-6od) = Safa—oh+ an} = 3-00) = s Sates =A 4 1897 76, Wehovesa + b+ em ad beer aeneer snd at bees = Gerd Gene Ma #-1then(a + d+ 7. n. Chap 01 Vertes Riera 55 stand ate coplnae which ie cmt to the pen Condon Since OP [40Q= V8, SOPs an bone. Hence the intra bisector OM i perpen to FQ Mt {thei point of Pan. Therefore (oP +09) =24 = jake N 4 \s im ‘Therefore, 0A +08+0C +op casbeced tema an i222 2 emitter n= Tree tempt otrQiet HES Sin he mpi of Sn 2722S e opettbietd fay i) Textbook of Vector & 3D Geometry ‘Now points ¥,C and X at callin, Yee mex Now, FZ=mPR 2a mab) Let 2 vided YX inthe rato 21 omar fas Ren ass BD ase (ee) Sine #,Q, Rand ar copa. then Ps =aP0+BPR (Scan te weiter anes combination of PQand PR) ‘(09 -0P) +B(OR-OP) teos-or=-arptsSbe2e esse o cen 09a ron Band. 0.9 = a shor h ere, coordinate of Qare e280" 2n0) = 20, 48,0) 2 1.2) op=3 = AG a on 2 rae PA, iB) = OP =1 + si + vk Now, AP=0P-04 =i JSj+sSie—ai aos Sik iad rio) 80+ 20-3- 84, Let Re the renatant. Then ReReR B= e dd Therefore (p+) +1 aot “Therefore | AB|=[BC|=3VF and |CA|=6 Clesey, ABs) ney=|Ac* enc, the tingle ight angled ores anal 86, Leta 2h + 4) -sheand =F 3} 3h “Thea, the agonal ofthe praelogrm are pearh te pesleg-aig =i 2} aie ‘Sout vector along the diagonal are Jol es)-af)ana 4-2} ay 87, on =~ +38: 08=14+)—sk nahh, isa} —sfe shea] 88, Points A+ 3). ~HDand (p+ +8) ae colin Now, AB=-2} sed BE (ptr ig hook Vectoet ABani BC must ecole = Poh ouadgs os rec hoe 0 a @A-UA= 007-05 9, inAARC,ABY BC=AC=-CA « AB4BC+CA=0 (OA + AB~ OBis the tangle nw of aon. ene Statement 1 tre and Statement 2 fle 1, LaPa2 paZandgnd angng 7Pne 2 aa t3b-sen0 ste Hence ABand AC mute pusallel sine theres common pin The points A, Band C mst beeline. Solutions (Qos 93:54) Let the poston veclorsof A B,C and Dteaheand respectively Then, OA.C8 22:1 = {CB > 2 =2b-e) oa (0D: AB 21:3 - a)=b-2b-0) 420 LOX: XC = Retand AX: XD =H: (using (0) ‘chap 01 Vector Algebra ST Now, X dvdes OC athe atl Therefore ie atx 9 Fee er 2 Xa divided Din the ration 1. Therelore vet sm) ne From Ea (and), we he Hea)» ing 10191 basa} e nega? ence OX: XO 25 and AX/AD == Be oO) Solutions (N0.95-5) ner the rer heragon ABCDEF wth ene x10 (eri [0c an) R=ABYAC+AD+AE SAP SED AC# AD+ AE+ CD AB=BDand AF=CD] =(AC+CD)+(AE+ED)+ aD =AD+ AD AD=3AD =6A0 95.9 9B) 5B Textbook of Vector & 3D Geometry Solutions (Nos 9759) 97. AB ~08-OA=34-b-2e AC=0C-OA=5u-ab-te=2an 98. 20-308 +0 2024498450) -9a--ab 494 =0 99, 208-208 00-0 G = abril Aviat: Solutions (285100) 100, tere =H + y= == fie so, 10% tee A + - BE 4 Oe De" ce 7 5e-m0 "Heme = moar-ap nc =80-88- 80.08 3 D.ne (aos ay 3c 7” eB" Solutions (QNot. 12-103) 102. 0) =-25 +29 60M Since, (is parallel to. « =e), eet aed “rhe only vale oft which teers tee equations = Sort) theregured point-.2) 103. (2.08 comesponding tr) and) = 4 —} +e So the required tangent westr is) «al ~} +6 é SA ap=a. AC=AB+BC=a+ -o ‘ab =28C=2 D+ DE=b-a-a=b—m 105, et Rte the renin. Then, RaReR+ R= rnke (ive Res, Therefore R= 25, (UF 16625 oF p4t=38 ot peat 106, Vector slong tosidet sea =i 2}+ i and baat ho Clty the vector log the lange agonal is at beslegeak Hence length ofthe ong diagonal ler Bet ea}eaiiar 407, Vector watea}-K wert-}+k caMejerk are coplanas, 2 Number of gt fn ae fis 2 0 of ASFA =O 06 Aete 10 Secs = ater, * 0 vena + ble alg angle sect, = oleae ony when = bien Ibis Ae

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