Thakur Educational Trust’s (Regd.

THAKUR VIDYA MANDIR HIGH SCHOOL & JR.

COLLEGE 2020-2021

Notes for Class IX

Name of the Teacher - Ms. Radhika

Yadav Subject: History & Political

Science Class IX: Chapter: 1 (Political

Science)

Post World War Political Development

Q.1. Choose the proper option and rewrite the complete
sentences:
1) A system of Independent and sovereign states International
system.
2) The main responsibility of the League of Nations was to
avoid war.
3) The Cold War ended with disintegration of the Soviet Union.
4) Every nation’s policy related to the other nations called
Foreign policy.
5) America dropped nuclear bombs on two cities of Japan-
Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
6) The League of Nations was established after the First World
War to establish peace.
7) The Communist Revolution took place in Russia in 1917.
8) The Non- aligned Movement started in 1961.
9) The Non- aligned Movement made a demand of a Newl
International Economic Order (NIEO).
Q.2)Give conceptual description of the following:
1) Countries involved in the Second World War

Allied Powers Axis Powers

Britain, France, Germany, Japan,

Australia, Canada, New Italy.
Zealand, India, soviet
Union, China, America Leaders of the Non-aligned Movement (NAM
GHANA

INDONESIA

EGYPT

YUGOSLAVIA

INDIA

2)
Dr. Kwame Nkurmarh

Dr. Sukarno

Gamal Abdal Nasser

Marshall Tito

Pandit Jawaharlal Neh

 u.
3) Five Member State of the ASEAN :
Ans. A) Singapore B) Thailand C) Philippines D) Indonesia
E) Malaysia
Q.3. Prepare a timeline of the following events:
Ans. 1917 – communist Revolution in Russia
1920 – Establishment of League of Nations
1939 – Start of Second World War
1945 – America dropped nuclear bombs on Jaoan
Q. 4 Explain with reasons whether the following statements
are true or false:
1) The League of Nations was established after the First World
War.
Ans: This statement is true. 1) The war caused a tremendous loss
of life and property. 2) All the nations felt that such a war should
not happen again. 3) Some measures need to be taken to achieve
the end. 4) An international organization called the League of
Nations was established.
2) The world became unipolar due to the Cold War.
Ans: This statement is false. 1) America and the soviet union,
who were allied in the Second World War became competitors
2) During the Cold War, both the super powers created military
organizations. 3) During the World War, most countries of the
world joined either of the two super power blocs.Such a division
of the nations of the world in two groups is called a
bipolarisation.
3) The policies of Mikhail Gorbachev gave an impetus to
democratisation.
Ans: This statement is True. 1) The soviet union adopted the
policy of opening up the economy. The state loosened up its
control of the economy. 2) Then president of the soviet union
Mikhail Gorbachev implemented the policies of perestroika
(Restructuring) and glasnost (openness). Due to these policies
the control over the media reduced. 3) Important changes took
place in political and economic spheres i.e. these spheres were
restricted. This gave impetus to democracy.
Q.5. Explain the following concepts:
1) Cold War : The concept of Cold War is used to describe the
condition where there is no actual war, but there are such
tensions in the circumstances, that they may be responsible to
cause war.
2) Non – alignment:2) Non- alignment: In the period of the cold
war, while the world was becoming bipolar, there were some
countries which did not want to join the super power rivalry.
Such nations decided to stay out of the cold war rivalry. There
policy is known as Non-alignment.
3) Interdependence: i) All the countries of the world are
dependent on each other for one reason or another ii) Moreover
big, prosperous or developed nation maybe, it can never be self-
sufficient about all its needs. Even big nations have to depend
upon other big and small nations.
4) Bipolarisation: During the cold war, most countries of the
world joined either of the two super power blocs. Such a
division of the nations of the world in two groups is called as
bipolarisation.
5) Globalisation: i) after the end of the cold war, trade and
economic relations between countries became more open. As
mentioned before, capital, labours, markets and information
began circulating globally. ii) The give and take of ideas among
people over the world iii) The boundaries between nations did
not remain as sacrosanct as they were before. iv) All these
processes are together called as globalization.

Q.6) Write short note on:

1) Consequences of globalization: The economies of different
counties got linked with each other, trade increased, economic
unification grew, plenty of products became available in the
 market, but (at the same time) the gap between the poor and rich
nations did not reduce.
2) Contribution of the Non-alignment movement: i) the non-
alignment movement has opposed colonialism, imperialism and
racism. It has encouraged the resolution of the international
disputes by peaceful means ii) the non- alignment movement is
based on eternal principles of developed countries to come
together. iii) To put forth the problems of poor undeveloped
countries firmly. This movement made a demand of a new
international economic order (NIED)

3) Disarmament: i) the superpower rivalry led to other arms race

in the cold war era. ii) In the course of time particularly during
the cubao missile crisis 1961 the superpowers realized that the
arms race may endanger international peace. iii) The non
alignment movement advocated peaceful resolution of
international disputes. iv) As a result, the efforts towards arms
control and disarmament gathered momentum.
Answer in brief:
1) Describe International System.
Ans. 1. All the countries of the world are dependent on each
other for one reason or the other. 2. However big, prosperous or
developed a nation may be, it can never be self- sufficient about
all it’s needs. Even big nations have to depend upon bigher and
smaller nations. 3. Thus, interdependence is an important feature
of the International System, i.e. today’s global system.
2) Write about the First World War.
Ans. 1. The First World War was fought between 1914 and
1918. 2. Major countries of Europe took part in it. 3. Europe had
a very central place in the international or global system at that
time. 4. The war caused a tremendous loss of life and property.
5. The countries which joined the war suffered tremendous
economic losses. 6. Even the countries which did not join the
war were impacted by the war. 7. The economies of the
victorious as well as the losing countries collapsed. 8. In the
allied powers countries like Britain, France, Russia, Italy,
America were there. 9. In central power countries like
Germany, Austria- Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria were
there.
3) Write about the Second World War.
Ans. 1.The Second World War was fought between 1939 and
1945. 2. It proved to be far more destructive then the First World
War. 3. Not only was it more widespread compared to the First
World War, but also more advanced technology was employed
in this war. 4. Countries which took part in Second World War
once again faced the situation of economic crisis. 5. America
played a major role in the Second World War. It has
manufactured nuclear weapons. 6. In order to end the war, it
dropped 2 nuclear weapons on two cities of Japan- Hiroshima
and Nagasaki on 6th and 9th August 1945 respectively. 7. In the
allied powers countries like Britain, France, Australia, Canada,
New-Zealand, India, Soviet Union, China, Japan were there.
4) The Second World War was fought between 1939 and 1945.
What events were unfolding in India during this period?
Ans. 1. Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose was the President of the
Indian National Congress. 2. He advocated joining hands with
axis powers to overthrow British Rule in India. 3) Gandhiji and
other leaders did not agree. 4. Netaji left the Indian National
Congress and Congress party formed the Forward Bloc. 5. He
escaped from the house arrest, went to German and then to
Japan to seek their help. 6. The Indian National Army, was
formed with the help of Japan to defeat the British in India. 7.
The Indian National Congress extended conditional support to
the British in their war efforts. 8. The British did not respond
favorably, the Indian National Congress launched Individual
Satyagraha Movement in 1940. 9. After the failure of crips
mission in 1942. The Indian National Congress launched the
Quit India Movement. 10. The movement crippled the British
Rule and made them realise that they can no longer rule over
India.
5) What was the effect of the Second World War on India?
Ans: 1) The immediate effect of Second World War was acute
shortage of essential commodities. The government introduced
statutory rationing. 2) The anger of the people of India found
expression in the Quit India Movement 3) There was upsurge of
the Indian nationalism. 4) After the end of the war British agreed
to grant independence to India. 5) India became Independent in
1947.
6) Elaborate the factors that gave rise to the cold war after the
Second World War.
Ans: 1) America was already a super power, but the Soviet
Union also tried to become a superpower, but the Soviet Union
also tried to become a super power by making nuclear weapons
and by increasing its military might. The struggle for powers,
arms race, differences in ideology, attitude of checkmating each
other by strategies and counter – strategies gave rise to the Cold
War.
7) What were the factors responsible for the end of the cold war?
Ans: 1) the Soviet Union adopted the policy of opening up the
economy. The state loosened up its control of the economy 2)
Then the president of the soviet union Mikhail Gorbacher
implemented the policies of perestroika (Restructuring) and
Glasnost (openness). Due to these policies, the control over the
media reduced. Important changes took place in political and
economic sphere i.e. these spheres were restricted. This gave
impetus to democracy. 3) As the East European countries under
the influence of the Soviet Union adopted the capitalist and
democratic paths, the regimes there changed. 4) the soviet Union
disintegrated and several new nations were created out of it.
Russia was the biggest country in the Soviet Union.
 8) What are the major changes that occurred in the global
politics after the end of the Cold War?
Ans: 1) Global politics became unipolar with America
remaining the only super power. 2) An atmosphere conducive to
the growth in trade economic relations between and among
nations emerged 3) capital, labour, market, technology, ideas
and information freely circulated throughout the world. 4) Idea
of giving to other nations fell behind. Instead efforts began to be
made to establish economic relations. 5) The descriptions of a
country which was opposed to another has now changed from
enemy nation to rival nation. 6) The responsibility of the United
Nations has increased. The United Nations now had to take
more concrete steps to maintain global peace and security. 7)
environment protection, fostering of human rights, gender
equality and management of natural calamities now acquired a
global dimension.
What is your opinion ?
1) Is there any correlation between the advances in technology
and world peace ?
Ans. Advancement in technology is beneficial for overall
growth of human beings. But in terms of world peace, there is
no correlation between technology and world peace as
technology has also given way to the production of nuclear
weapons which are contradictory to world peace.
2) How can technology be used for human welfare?
Ans. Technology has impact on every aspect of human life right
from health, education, food, etc. with the help of technology we
are now able to form new medicine to cure harmful diseases as
well as problems like illiteracy, poverty are to be eradicated.
3) What measures should the League of Nations have taken to
avoid the outbreak of the Second World War?
Ans. The League of Nations should have organised military unit
with the hell of member nations to keep a check over the
aggressor countries like Germany and Japan.
4) Non- alignment was necessary during the Cold War.
Ans. 1. During the Cold War, the world was becoming
bipolarised and many countries were joining either of two blocs.
2. At that time, some countries did not want to join the super
power rivalry and they decided to follow the policy of Non-
alignment Movement. 3. Along with India countries like
Ghana, Egypt, Indonesia followed this policy. 4. The Non-
alignment Movement opposed colonialism and imperialism and
encourage to solve international disputes by peaceful means. 5.
Hence, Non- alignment was needed during Cold War from the
motto of World peace.
5) Which countries can come up as super powers as competitors
to America in the present times?
Ans. At the present time, America is the only country which
fulfils the criteria to be considered as super power. But along
with America there are few countries who have the potential to
be as a super power in future. The European Union is one of
them, it is the Second largest reserves currency and second most
traded currency in the world. The countries belonging to BRIC ;
Brazil, Russia, India and China are also considered to be the
fastest among all.
Compare the First World War and the Second World
War with the help of the following points:
Ans.
No. Points First World War Second World War
1. Period 1914-1918 1939-1945
2. Involved Britain, France,Britain, France, Soviet
nations Russia, Italy, Union, American,
America, OttomanAustralia, New
Empire, Austria-Zealand, Canada,
Hungary India, Japan,
Germany, Italy
3. Consequences 1) Economic: 1) Economic:
1.Loss of life and 1. Countries who took
property. 2. part in second world
Economies of War faced economic
winning and losing crisis.
countries 2) Political: 1. Cold
collapsed. war took place
2) Political: 1. between American
Earlier empire and Soviet Union.
collapsed in
 Europe and nations
came. 2.Colonies
in Asia and Africa
started movement
for independence.
4. International League of Nations. . United Nations
Organisations . NATO
established . Warsaw
after the War

Point out the differences between the USA (America) and

the USSR (Soviet Union) :
USA (America) USSR (Soviet Union)
1.Emerged as super power after 1. Emerged as super power
First World War. after Second World War.
2.USA advocates capitalism and 2. USSR advocated socialism.
democracy
3.It tried to include western 3. It tried to include eastern
European Nations into military European Nations into military
alliances- NATO alliance- Warsaw pact.
4.USA wanted to spread 4. USSR wanted to spread
capitalism in the world. socialism in the world.
5.At the end of Cold War, it 5. At the end of Cold War, it
became the only super power in disintegrated into many
the world. countries.